World War II

From left to right:

Prime Minister David Lloyd George of Great Britain

Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando of Italy

Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau of France

President Woodrow Wilson of the United States

Versailles, June 1919

• Land• Reparations• War guilt• League of Nations

The Versailles Treaty

The Versailles Treaty (continued)

• German army reduced

• Germany barred from having tanks, an air force, or submarines

• Occupied DMZ west of the Rhineland

Map showing German territory lost and the Rhineland DMZ

The League of Nations

Although President Wilson was the driving force behind the creation of the League of Nations, the United States did not join it.

Rise of the Nazis

• Germany’s economic woes

• Political instability• Fascism• National Socialist

German Workers’ Party

Adolf Hitler

The Nazis promoted a view of Germany as surrounded by enemies and threatened on all sides

Hitler sworn in as Chancellor, 1933

The Nazis Gain Power

Japan

The Invasion of Manchuria and the “Rape of Nanking”

Italy

Dictator Benito Mussolini addresses his followers

Emperor Hailie Selassie of Ethiopia

The Invasion of Ethiopia

Germany Rearms

German troops march back into the Rhineland, 1936

Hitler and MussoliniRome-Berlin Axis

Signing of Tripartite pact to form the Axis Alliance

Building an Axis

The Spanish Civil War

Generals Francisco Franco and Emilio Moré, leaders of the coup

Spanish Civil War (continued)

Italian soldiers in Spain

Hitler tests weapons in Spanish Civil War

New Weapons and Tactics

The Destruction of Guernica

Nazi troops enter Austria

Germany Takes Austria

The Munich Conference

British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain (left) and Hitler confer at the Munich

Conference

A weeping Czech woman reluctantly salutes Nazi soldiers as they march

into the Sudetenland

Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact

German Advances, 1939

American Foreign Policy, 1932–1941

• Isolationism• Neutrality Acts• FDR• Lend-Lease• The Atlantic Charter

Churchill and FDR at sea during the Atlantic Charter talks

• France surrenders, 1940• The French Resistance

Germany Takes France

A Frenchman weeps as German troops march into Paris

The Battle of Britain

A London air raid shelter

The Battle of Britain (continued)

Germany Invades Russia

Japanese Aggression

Locations of Japanese forces in November 1941

General Hideki Tojo

Pearl Harbor

The U.S. Declares War

FDR signs the declaration of war against Japan

The Battle of Midway

The USS Yorktown receives a direct hit during the battle of Midway

The Battle of Stalingrad

North Africa

Allies enter Rome

Italy Surrenders

The D-Day Invasion

U.S. troops wade ashore at Normandy

Paris, 1944

The Liberation of Paris

The Battle of the Bulge

An American soldier guards German troops captured during the Battle of

the Bulge

U.S. troops advance through the snow toward the town of St. Vith,

Belgium

The Firebombing of Dresden

Germany Surrenders

V-E Day

The Pacific War, 1944–1945

U.S. soldiers raise the American flag after capturing Iwo Jima

Preparing the atomic bomb to be dropped on Hiroshima

Birth of the Atomic Bomb

Hiroshima

Japan Surrenders

Total War

• Concept of “total war”

• Mobilizing the economy

• Rationing• Women in the work

force• Propaganda• Military tactics

Two old women stand amidst the ruins of an almshouse in Berkshire, England

Mobilizing the Economy

A worker inspects 1000-pound bomb cases

• Gasoline, coffee, sugar, meat, other goods are rationed• “Victory Gardens” and other measures

Rationing and Victory Gardens

Women in the Work Force

Propaganda

Journalists interview Tokyo Rose

Military Tactics

Injured survivors of the Nagasaki blastFamily in the wreckage of their Liverpool home

Civilian Deaths

The Holocaust

The Nuremberg Military Tribunal

The Yalta Conference

The “Big Three” at Yalta

Attlee, Truman, and Stalin at Potsdam

The Potsdam Conference

Divisions within postwar Germany

MacArthur and Emperor Hirohito

U.S. Occupation of Japan

• Europe’s economy was in shambles after World War II• Marshall proposed aid to “all European countries who needed

it”• Plan also worked to keep communism from spreading to

western Europe

The Marshall Plan

• International peacekeeping organization

• FDR was the “principal architect” of the UN

• Goals• Successes and failures

The United Nations

The Postwar World Order