World War II
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WORLD WAR II
Transcript of World War II
WORLD WAR II
•Hitler believes Germ should build a great empire (the THIRD REICH)
•Need more land to East (Russia) & Slavic peoples should be used as slaves to build 3rd Reich
•DON’T WRITE!!•Hitler creates new air force March 9, 1935.
• Begins military draft (Against Treaty Of Versailles).
•Fr, GB warn Germ, but do nothing.
HITLER INVADES THE RHINELAND
•DON’T WRITE•Hitler knows they won’t use force.
•Invades RHINELAND
March 1936
•DON’T WRITE!Fr won’t act w/o GB.
•GB doesn’t support using force (b/c Germ owns Rhine
any way)
THE UNHOLY ALLIANCE
•Hitler & MUSSOLINI (Italy) become allies, b/c they believe must create big empire
MUSSOLINI & HITLER
•1936: Germ & It sign treaty recognizing poli & eco interests called the Rome-Berlin Axis. .
•Invades Ethiopia w/ Germ support, angering GB & FR
AUSTRIA•DON’T WRITE!!•1937, Hitler threatens to
invade Austria.• Aus Chancellor put Nazis in
charge of govt. •Govt then “invites” Germ
troops to come in & maintain order.
•Annexed March 13, 1938
•DON’T WRITE!!•Next goal: destroy Czechoslovakia
• Demands Germ be given SUDENTENLAND (NW Cz) on Sept 15, 1938.
•Policy of APPEASEMENT- belief that if you satisfy demands of unhappy nations, then unhappy powers will be content & there will be peace
•Fr, GB, Germ & It meet at MUNICH CONFERENCE. France & GB appease Hitler & give him Cz.
•(See chart above for rest)
• Hitler promises to make no more demands. BIG LIE!
• Cz abandoned
•Neville Chamberlain, GB Prime Minister, says “This will create peace for our time”
MUNICH CONFERENCE
•Hitler thinks Euro weak & won’t stop him. Took over rest of CZ 1939 & demands
Polish port of DANZIG.
•GB & FR realize they need Soviets to stop Nazis & negotiate w/ USSR
•ON Aug 29, 1939 Hitler & Stalin (USSR) sign Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact, promising not to attack each other (to prevent a 2 front war)
Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression
Pact
•Pact gave Stalin
E.Poland & Baltics
•Hitler invades Poland Sept 1, 1939.
•Sept 3, GB & FR declare war.
JAPANESE PATH TO WAR
•Sept 1933: Japan attacks Manchuria for resources.
• League of Nations sends investigators.
•US warns Japan that economic SANCTIONS (economic restrictions to enforce laws) will be used unless Japan w/draws to old borders
•Big Dilemma! •Japan must decide what they need more: Indochina’s
resources or US’s oil & iron
•Germany’s fast attacks shock world.
•BLITZKRIEG-lightening war- used armored columns (called panzer divisions) supported by planes.
• Each division had 300 tanks w/ forces & supplies. • Breaks through areas & then bring in regular troops.
THE BLITZKRIEG
•On 9/28/39, Poland surrenders & Germ & Soviets divide it up.
•On 4/9/40, Hitler uses Blitzkrieg against Norway & Sweden.
•On 5/10/40 launch attack on Netherlands, Belgium & Fr w/ main assault thru Luxembourg & ARDENNES FOREST.
ARDENNES FOREST
•Panzers break thru weak FR defenses, cut across FR, & go around MAGINOL LINE (Heavy fortifications) on Germ/FR border.
•Splits Allies in half, trapping FR & GB on Dunkirk beaches
•6/22/40- Fr sign armistice & Germ occupies 3/5 of France.
•Germ set up authoritarian regime
•Brits ask US for help.
•US passed NEUTRALITY ACTS & cannot take sides
• Hitler must get control of air to invade GB
•Aug 1940 LUFTWAFFE launches attack (air force)
• Hits bases, harbors, communication & industry.
•Brits fight & suffer losses.
LUFTWAFFE
DON’T WRITE• Hitler starts to bomb cities to
get back at GB for raid in Berlin.
• Because Germ stopped going after bases to get cities, GB rebuilds military strength.
• Hitler backs off in Sept
•Hitler thought Brits waiting for Soviet help
•6/22/41- Hitler Invades USSR.
•(Believed would win by winter). •1800 mile attack, but capture 2 mil Rus soldiers
INVASION OF RUSSIA
•Nov: Germ Army took Ukraine, 2nd attacked Leningrad & 3rd army 25 miles from Moscow.
•Winter hits early & Strong Rus resistance stops Germ.
•Dec. 7, 1941 Japan attacks US naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
•Try to destroy Pacific fleet. • Thought US would accept Japan’s domination of Pacific
•KAMIKAZE (divine wind) were suicide pilots.
•Japan took over much of SE Asia & W Pacific
• US declares war Dec. 8 •Joins the ALLIES•Hitler declared war on US
•New alliance- US, GB, & USSR are GRAND ALLIANCE
•Agree to focus on military, not political issues.
•Will fight until AXIS POWERS (Germ, It, Japan) have UNCONDITIONAL SURRENDER- no conditions attached.
•women enter workforce. •Some serve as nurses or WACS.
•GENERAL ERWIN ROMMEL (Desert Fox) & his AFRIKA KORPs break thru Egypt.
• Last big success for Germ.
•Brits stop Rommel at EL ALAMEIN & he retreats.
•US & Br invade N. Africa Nov 1942.
•It & Germ armies surrender in May 1943.
•Hitler goes after Stalingrad (industrial center). -worst battle of the war.
•Many starve during siege, but Nov 1942-Feb 1943 Soviets counterattack, encircling Germs & cutting off supplies during winter.
•Germ army surrenders
& HITLER GIVES UP ON RUSSIA
BATTLE OF STALINGRAD
US SUCCESS IN ASIA•BATTLE OF THE CORAL SEA- 5/7/42- US stops Japan’s advance to Australia.
•Battle of Midway Island 6/4/42 US destroys Japan’s navy. MAJOR TURNING POINT!!!
BATTLE OF THE CORAL SEA
•DOUGLAS MACARTHUR- US-move into Philippines thru S. Pacific Islands
• Others move across Pacific w/ combo of US marines, & navy
to attack Japanese held islands, by island hopping.
•Winston Churchill calls Italy “Soft underbelly of Europe “
•DON’T WRITE!!!•AXIS forces surrender in Tunisia (1943) Allies move into Italy
•Muss removed from power. •King Victor Emmanuel offers to surrender
•DON’T WRITE•Germs free Mussolini & set up puppet Germ state in Italy.
•Germ sets up defenses, takes Allies until 6/4/44 to take Rome
•Allies open 2nd front w/ invasion of Fr from GB thru English Channel
GENERAL EISENHOWER
•Allied Forces under GEN DWIGHT EISENHOWER land at NORMANDY on 6/6/44- aka D-DAY
1. 6/5/44- Stormy, men waiting in lSTs. 2. Germans nervous. Radio stations bombed,
Luftwaffe grounded, telephone lines cut. Thought no invasion would occur
3. Commanders away attending a war game subject was naval assault on Normandy
4. At Calais, German radar picks up signals when Brits drop aluminum foil form planes & send up reflector balloons to look like troop transports
5. US & Brits launch parachute and glider drops behind beaches
6. Beaches at Normandy given code names: Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno & Sword. Utah & Omaha taken by US, rest by Brits & Canadians. Use clickers to find way in dark
7. 1:11 AM germ general gets phone call. Word reaches Rommel at
2:15 AM, but doesn't
believe this is the
invasion. Sent message
to Runstedt
8. 2:55 sends message to Berlin.but not sure if attack is atNormandy or Calais. At 4:15, knows its Normandy
9. Sends message to Jodl, asking for reserves.
10. Jodl wakes up 6;30 & DENIES order.
11. Too late. 150,000 men, 1500 tanks, 5300 ships land. Huge success. Many die in the attacks.
Good thing because one week later, Germans launch V-1 rockets on England and V-2s later. Flew up to 120 miles altitude and could not be stopped.
D-DAY INVASION
TRYING TO GET TO SHORE
JUNE 6th, 1944
BATTLE OF KURSK• On July 12th, Luftwaffe
& artillery units bombed Soviets.
• SS Divisions “were astonished to see masses of Soviet armor advancing towards them”.
•Battle of Kursk was the largest tank battle.
•Soviets move west & take Ukraine, Baltics & Warsaw by 1945.
• Enter Berlin in Apr 1945 & swept thru Hungary, Romania
& Bulgaria
•Hitler moves into bunker.• Commits suicide April 30, 1945, 2 days after Mussolini killed
•5/7/45 Germany surrenders!!
1945: HARRY S TRUMAN debates whether to use atomic bomb.
•Would stop invasion of Japan with million deaths, but don’t know true effects. Many civilians would die
•8/6/45 drop bomb on HIROSHIMA, & NAGASAKI 3 days later. (levels cities, many die)
•Emperor Hero Hito surrenders.
•Dropped by Paul Tibbets
HIROSHIMA
Designation
Mk-I "Little Boy"
Mk-III "Fat Man"
Width 28 in. 60.25 in.
Length 120 in. 128 in.
Weight 8,900 lb. 10,300 lb.
Yield 15 - 16 Kt 21 Kt
CAPTAIN PAUL TIBBETS
NAGASAKI
Emperor Hirohito
AUDIE MURPHY
VICTORY!!!
WAR DEAD
•Total Servicemen worldwide: 16,112,566
•6-10 million in concentration camps•20 million to 50 million civilians
• http://videopunks.com/index.php?name=Video&op=view&video_id=18
• http://www.metacafe.com/watch/160126/a_small_atomic_bomb/
•Period of political tension starts after war over ideology (political ideas) called COLD WAR!!
•TEHRAN CONFERENCE- Stalin, Roosevelt & Churchill (Big Three) met in Tehran in Nov 1943 to decide course of war.
•Stalin & FDR want an US-Brit invasion of Germ thru France in spring 1944.
•E. Europe would be freed by Soviets
•YALTA CONFERENCE Met at Yalta in Russia (Feb 1945)
•Soviets now in E. Euro.
•Stalin wants pro-soviet govts along USSR border to act as a buffer for protection.
•FDR wants: SELF-DETERMINATION: each nation determines their govts.
•Big 3 create & join UNITED NATIONS.
• First meeting set for San Francisco April 1945.
Germ must surrender unconditionally.
• Germ divided into 4 zones ruled by FR, GB, USSR & US.
•Free elections in Poland
•POTSDAM CONFERENCE- FDR dies & replaced by Harry Truman.
•Truman wants free elections in E. Euro.
• Stalin says no, (would not be pro-soviet)
• Winston Churchill says an “iron curtain” has descended across the continent.
NUREMBURG TRIALS- Nazi leaders tried & convicted as war criminals in Nov ‘45-Sept ‘46.
Many executed
Oct. 1 - last day - judges announced verdicts -•12 given death: Goring, von Ribbentrop, Keitel, Kaltenbrunner, Rosenberg, Franck, Frick, Streicher, Sauckel, Jodl, Seyss-Inquart, Bormann (were hung Oct. 16, • Goering committed suicide•2 given life: Raeder, Hess •2 given 20 yrs: Baldur von Schirach, Speer•1 given 15 yrs, 1 given 10 yrs•3 acquitted: •12 more at Nuremberg - 175 convicted•10,000 Germans convicted - 250 death
