World History World History 1500 to Present1500 to Present

Unit 5 Vocabulary:Unit 5 Vocabulary: WWII, 20th WWII, 20th century genocides, Cold War, century genocides, Cold War, major Cold War conflicts and major Cold War conflicts and

detentedetenteSOLsSOLs: : WHII 10 c; 11 a,b,c; 12 WHII 10 c; 11 a,b,c; 12

a,b,ca,b,c

General Hideki TojoGeneral Hideki TojoThis person was the This person was the prime minister of Japan prime minister of Japan from 1941 to 1944. from 1941 to 1944.

Emperor HirohitoEmperor HirohitoAfter the second After the second nuclear explosion in his nuclear explosion in his land, this ruler ordered land, this ruler ordered his military leaders to his military leaders to do the unthinkable: do the unthinkable: surrender.surrender.

Appeasement Appeasement

This term means giving This term means giving in to the demands of an in to the demands of an aggressor in order to aggressor in order to maintain peace.maintain peace.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Franklin D. Roosevelt

This person was This person was president of the United president of the United States during World States during World War II and one third of War II and one third of “The Big Three.”“The Big Three.”

Winston Churchill Winston Churchill

This person was the This person was the prime minister of Great prime minister of Great Britain during World Britain during World War II and one third of War II and one third of “The Big Three.” “The Big Three.”

Erwin Rommel Erwin Rommel

This person was the This person was the German tank German tank commander of the commander of the Afrika Korps and was Afrika Korps and was nicknamed, “the Desert nicknamed, “the Desert Fox.” Fox.”

Dwight D. Eisenhower Dwight D. Eisenhower

This US general led Operation This US general led Operation Torch in North Africa and was Torch in North Africa and was later named supreme later named supreme commander of the Allied commander of the Allied forces in Europe. He was well forces in Europe. He was well liked by the troops and would liked by the troops and would later become president of the later become president of the United States.United States.

D-Day D-Day

This amphibious Allied This amphibious Allied invasion happened on invasion happened on June 6, 1944 near June 6, 1944 near Normandy, France.Normandy, France.

About 6,603 US Soldiers died of the

approx. 10,000 Allied casualties there

sanctions sanctions

This term refers to This term refers to some kind of official some kind of official penalty, most often an penalty, most often an economic one.economic one.

Nuremberg Trials Nuremberg Trials

These were held to try Nazi These were held to try Nazi leaders as war criminals leaders as war criminals after World War II and after World War II and establish the concept that establish the concept that “following orders” is not an “following orders” is not an excuse for committing excuse for committing atrocities against humanity.atrocities against humanity.

Bataan Death March Bataan Death March

This infamous war crime This infamous war crime involved the forcible involved the forcible transfer of Allied prisoners transfer of Allied prisoners of war by the Japanese. The of war by the Japanese. The abuse and mistreatment of abuse and mistreatment of the POWs resulted in high the POWs resulted in high fatalities in the Philippines fatalities in the Philippines in 1942. in 1942.

Rape of NanjingRape of Nanjing

This infamous war crime This infamous war crime happened in China after the happened in China after the Japanese invaded and occupied Japanese invaded and occupied the city. The Japanese the city. The Japanese committed rape, arson, looting, committed rape, arson, looting, and widespread executions of and widespread executions of men, women, and children in men, women, and children in addition to enemy combatants.addition to enemy combatants.

This international This international agreement laid out the agreement laid out the rules of engagement in rules of engagement in war and established a war and established a code of ethics regarding code of ethics regarding treatment of prisoners of treatment of prisoners of war.war.

Geneva Convention

This term refers to the This term refers to the imaginary boundary imaginary boundary between the mostly between the mostly democratic west and the democratic west and the communist east that communist east that became a symbol of the became a symbol of the Cold War.Cold War.

Iron Curtain

General Douglas General Douglas MacArthurMacArthur

This US general oversaw This US general oversaw the occupation of Japan the occupation of Japan and the American program and the American program of destroying Japanese of destroying Japanese militarism and ensuring a militarism and ensuring a democratic government. democratic government.

This military alliance This military alliance formed between formed between western nations who western nations who agreed to protect one agreed to protect one another if one was another if one was attacked.attacked.

NATO

This military alliance was This military alliance was headed by the Soviet headed by the Soviet Union and was used Union and was used mainly to keep their mainly to keep their satellite states in Eastern satellite states in Eastern Europe in line. Europe in line.

Warsaw Pact

This massive financial aid This massive financial aid package from the United package from the United States was designed to States was designed to assist war torn European assist war torn European nations in recovering nations in recovering quickly and resisting quickly and resisting communist expansion. communist expansion.

Marshall Plan

This describes the This describes the foreign policy of the foreign policy of the United States that aimed United States that aimed to provide aid to to provide aid to countries trying to resist countries trying to resist the threat of communist the threat of communist expansion.expansion.

Truman Doctrine

This describes the This describes the foreign policy of the foreign policy of the Soviet Union that Soviet Union that justified military justified military intervention to prevent intervention to prevent satellite nations from satellite nations from rejecting communism. rejecting communism.

Breshnev Doctrine

This was Mao Zedong’s This was Mao Zedong’s attempt to purge China of attempt to purge China of non-revolutionary tendencies non-revolutionary tendencies in society by closing schools in society by closing schools and by persecuting the and by persecuting the educated, affluent, and educated, affluent, and intelligent. This program intelligent. This program forced thousands from their forced thousands from their jobs and onto farms where jobs and onto farms where they would be “re-educated.”they would be “re-educated.”

Cultural Revolution

Ho Chi MinhHo Chi Minh

This Vietnamese This Vietnamese nationalist led nationalist led communists to resist communists to resist Western imperialism Western imperialism in Vietnam.in Vietnam.

This person pursued an This person pursued an aggressive policy of relocating aggressive policy of relocating people to work in countryside people to work in countryside fields in an attempt to purify fields in an attempt to purify Cambodia as a step toward a Cambodia as a step toward a communist future. He is communist future. He is regarded as one of the foremost regarded as one of the foremost mass murderers in human mass murderers in human history.history.

Pol Pot

This is the name given to the This is the name given to the Cambodian communist Cambodian communist guerillas that overthrew the guerillas that overthrew the Cambodian government and Cambodian government and unleashed a reign of terror to unleashed a reign of terror to destroy all Western destroy all Western influences in Cambodia. They influences in Cambodia. They killed over 2 million people killed over 2 million people and forced thousands more and forced thousands more to work in fields.to work in fields.

Khmer Rouge

This leader of the USSR after This leader of the USSR after Stalin surprised the Kremlin by Stalin surprised the Kremlin by denouncing Stalin’s rule. He denouncing Stalin’s rule. He later would smash Hungarian later would smash Hungarian freedom fighters, bring the freedom fighters, bring the world to the brink of nuclear world to the brink of nuclear war in the Cuban Missile Crisis, war in the Cuban Missile Crisis, and bang his own shoe at a and bang his own shoe at a United Nations session while United Nations session while declaring to America: “We will declaring to America: “We will bury you!”bury you!”

Nikita Krushchev

Ayatollah KhomeiniAyatollah KhomeiniThis fundamentalist Shia This fundamentalist Shia cleric from Iran took cleric from Iran took over the Shah’s over the Shah’s government and government and restored strict Islamic restored strict Islamic law to guide all areas of law to guide all areas of Iranian life.Iranian life.

This communist reformer This communist reformer was a strong Hungarian was a strong Hungarian nationalist who led nationalist who led freedom fighters in an freedom fighters in an unsuccessful rebellion unsuccessful rebellion against the USSR. He was against the USSR. He was executed for his actions.executed for his actions.

Imre Nagy

This reform minded This reform minded Czechoslovakian communist Czechoslovakian communist was expelled from the party was expelled from the party in 1970, only to later regain in 1970, only to later regain influence and prominence influence and prominence when communists agreed to when communists agreed to share power in a coalition share power in a coalition government. government.

Alexander Dubcek

During this Prague Spring,….what we need

to create is “socialism with a

human face”

1989The tragic car accident in

September 1992, after which Dubcek succumbed to heavy

injuries two months later, remains shrouded in mystery, although the Slovak police closed the case two years ago, saying it really was an accident. But Dubcek will always be remembered as a man who made Czechoslovak history.

This term refers to the This term refers to the relaxation of tensions relaxation of tensions between the USA and between the USA and the USSR. It improved the USSR. It improved relations between both relations between both superpowers.superpowers.

Detente

Strategic Arms Strategic Arms Limitation Talks Limitation Talks

(SALT)(SALT)This was a 5 year treaty This was a 5 year treaty to limit the number of to limit the number of missiles to 1972 levels missiles to 1972 levels between the USA and between the USA and the USSR.the USSR.