Beginning of World War I

NATIONALISM was still strong

in Europe

Many European countries

wanted more power and more lands

Europeans leaders built strong armies

to use force to get what they wanted

and gain more power through MILITARISM

To protect their nations against strong enemies,

Europeans leaders formed

ALLIANCES

European alliances by 1907

Germany Empire Austria-Hungary Empire Italy

England France Russia

Allied Powers

Central Powers

Neutral countries

Europe at the beginning of World War I

What was happening in Balkan Peninsula?

1878: Serbia become an independent country

Serbian nationalist wanted control of

Bosnia and Herzogovina.

What was the problem? Bosnia and Herzogovina belonged to Austro-Hungary

Empire.

Archduke Francis Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne

June 28, 1914:

A Serbian nationalist of the “Black Hand” organization shot and assassinated Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife in Sarajevo

Drawing of the assassination published in

French newspapers

Policemen of Sarajevo arresting the killer of

Archduke Francis Ferdinand

What were the consequences of this assassination?

Austria-Hungary Empire

Declared

WAR

on

Serbia

So, what happened with the alliances?

If a country is attacked, its allies help it fight

Russia and his allies supported

Serbia

England France

Germany and his allies supported Austria-Hungary

Italy

Austria-Hungary Empire

Serbia

SO... ?

WORLD WAR I STARTED !

The conflict quickly spread…

Germany Declared

WAR

on

Russia and France

England

Declared

WAR

on

Japan

Declared

WAR

on

1

2

3

A new kind of war

Germany introduced

Submarines called U-Boats = underwater boats. They sank ships by surprise.

Poison gas: caused burnings in the skin, damages in lungs and blindness

Other weapons and strategies

Zeppelin

Aerostatic Balloons

Zeppelins and aerostatic balloons were useful for observation of enemies movements and positions

Pilot Eddie Rickenbacker (USA)

At first airplanes were used to observe enemy troops. Later, machines guns

were placed on airplanes

England introduced the tank: with machine guns mounted on them, they

could kill large number of soldiers

Trenches in different weathers. Often trenches were full of rats

and louses

Trench Warfare

Why the USA joined the war?

Germany tried to persuade Mexico to join the Central Powers with the promise to help Mexico help retake Arizona, New Mexico and Texas from USA after war

U.S.A. got upset because Germans attacked American

ships carrying supplies to the allies

Also they considered the Central Powers had not

toward democracy

U.S.A. declared war on Germany

on April 6, 1917

The war ends

March 1917: In Russia the czar was overthrown. Vladimir Lenin and his followers the soviets, set up a new government with a new political an

economic system known as communism.

Lenin’s government signed a peace treaty with the Central Powers, and Russia

withdrew from the war.

Czar Nicholas II and his family

The German army advanced to Paris,

but they were pushed back to its

own border.

Germany’s allies began to

surrender

Germany surrendered=

An armistice was signed

The fight stopped on

November 11, 1918

January 1919: The Paris Peace Conference. Leaders of Allied

nations had a meeting near Paris

The agreement of

the Allied nations is

known as the Treaty of Versailles

Atlantic Ocean

Atlantic Ocean

Mediterranean Sea

Black Sea Black Sea

Mediterranean Sea

1. Great Britain 23. Tunisia

2. Norway 24. Libya

3. Sweden 25. Egypt

4. The Nederland's 26. Ottoman Empire

5. Belgium

6. Portugal

7. Spain

8. France

9. Germany

10. Switzerland

11. Italy

12. Austria-Hungary

13. Russia

14. Montenegro

15. Albania

16. Serbia

17. Romania

18. Bulgaria

19. Greece

20. Spanish Morocco

21. French Morocco22. Algeria

Before World War I

World War I changed the map of Europe

Atlantic Ocean

Black Sea

Mediterranean Sea

1. Great Britain 22. Albania

2. Norway 23. Greece

3. Sweden 24. Bulgaria

4. Finland 25. Romania

5. Estonia 26. URSS

6. Latonia 27. Turkey

7. Lithuania 28. Syria

8. Eastern Prussia 29. Iraq

9. Poland 30. Tran Jordan

10. Germany 31. Arabia

11. The Netherlands 32. Palestine

12. Belgium 33. Egypt

13. France 34. Libya

14. Portugal 35. Tunisia

15. Spain 36. Algeria

16. Switzerland 37. Spanish Morocco

17. Italy 38. French Morocco

18. Austria

19. Czechoslovakia

20. Hungary

21. Yugoslavia

After World War I