Why does a wind turbine have three blades? · 2010. 6. 14. · (CSP) Wind power Photovoltaics (PV)...

© Siemens AG 2010 Dr. René Umlauft

Why does a wind turbine have three blades?

1980 Monopteros 1983 Growian 1982 Darrieus



1. It is because they look nicer?

2. Or because three blades are quieter?

3. Or because three blades extract most energy out of the wind – nearly 100%?



The answer is #1:

Three blades are the best option for cost, energy and everybody liking the appearance. Just a note: It isn’t physically possible to extract 100% of the energy. 59% is the maximum.


The energy system in transition – Which are the energies of the future?

Today Tomorrow Yesterday

Power generation

Renewable technologies with different maturity levels

Growth Maturity Exit Launch Development

Concentrated Solar Power (CSP)

Wind power

Hydro power

Ocean Power

2G Biofuels

Biomass

Photovoltaic

Others Renewable Energy

Activities Siemens AG

Dr. René Umlauft © Siemens AG 2010


Siemens Renewable Energy Business portfolio

Onshore Wind

Offshore Wind

Concentrated Solar Power Photovoltaic Small

Hydro


Early days of wind power

 Rotor diameter: 17m

 Nominal power: 12 kW

 80,000 pound turbine

 Built in the winter of 1887 - 1888 in Charles F. Brush's back yard

1888: Brush Windmill, USA


World’s largest offshore wind farm

2009: Horns Rev II, Denmark

 30 km from the Danish coast

 91 turbines from Siemens

 210 MW

 Enough to supply ~200,000 households with electricity

2010: Greater Gabbard

2011 / 2012: London Array


Innovation@Wind

  Larger diameter (blade length) allows production of more electrical power in moderate wind conditions

  Higher performance in offshore locations

New turbine: SWT-3.6-120

  Floating offshore turbines can be installed in greater water depths

  Reduced visual impact and increased power production due to strong and stable wind conditions

Offshore floating

  Enables direct connection between rotor and generator w/o gearbox losses

  Lower weight and moving parts

  Reduced maintenance

Direct Drive

  Unique integrated blade with excellent power and noise performance

  Improved reliability by "One shot" process (no glue joints)

  "State-of-the-art" technology

Integral Blades®


The next generation of wind turbines

Cologne Cathedrale 1st Generation 2nd Generation 3rd Generation 4th Generation 5th Generation


World largest photovoltaic plant

Olmedilla de Alarcón, Spain

 Built in 2008  The plant uses more than

160,000 solar photovoltaic panels to generate 60 MWp


The Beginning of Concentrated Solar Power

Frank Shuman

  *1862 l 1917/18  1912: Steam generation for

water pumps in Egypt  5 rows parabolic mirrors,

88 kW


Concentrated Solar Power power plant today

(under construction)

 Capacity of 50 MW

 Parabolic trough technology

 Thermal oil as heat transfer fluid

 Built by Siemens (former Solel) and Valoriza

Lebrija 1, Spain


Parabolic Trough

Four different CSP technologies for large-scale applications

Central Tower

Stirling Dish Engine Linear Fresnel

with steam turbine


Technical specification   Absorption (α) >96%   Emissivity (ε) typically 8.8% at 400°C   Transmittance (t) average >96.5%

AR coated along all glass aperture   Active area to length ratio -96.3%   Low profile radiation shield   Patented getters device – keeps vacuum level   Coating durable in air, resistant to fluorescents phenomena

Receiver technology – key in CSP

Steam Turbine

Generator

Control Syst.

Power Block

W/S Cyle BOP PM Civil Works

SSG

HTF System

Reflector Field Control Modeling

Collector

Receiver

Solar Field


Comparison: All applications have their respective strengths – There is no silver bullet

Concentrating Solar Power (CSP)

Photovoltaics (PV) Wind power

 Besides hydro, lowest cost renewable energy source

  In first sites competitive with fossil generation

 Long proven technology

 Mature market with many large players and well established supply chain

 Lowest service requirements

 Easily scalable

 Very high siting versatility

 Broadest customer structure

 High maturity level

 Sites with high share of diffuse irradiation

 Good peak coincidence

 Very cost effective in large installations

 More than 20 years large scale experience

 Good peak coincidence

 Storage capabilities (base load, night)

 Combination with ISCC and process steam


What is coming next? Entry into promising ocean power market

MCT SeaGen prototype in Northern Ireland Technology synergies Overview

Blades Turbine & Generator

Offshore foundation

Power evacuation

Control Systems

Grid connection

  Ocean Power is an attractive future market

  Market entry through technology bet investments

  MCT is a technology leader in marine current energy

  MCT installed first commercial prototype "SeaGen":   1.2 MW (2 x 600 kW) capacity   Grid connected since 11/2008

produced 820 MWh (02/2010)

  Siemens acquires 10% stake


Target: Drive renewable energies to wholesale parity – Become competitive to fossil power generation

1) California, gas price variation 2020 of 6.0-9.0€/GJ, CO2 price variation 2020: 20-40€/t 2) California; scenario return to pre-crisis prices by 2012, gas and CO2 price variation as for baseload 3) Location: California 4) Location: Europe

Full

gene

ratio

n co

sts

EU

R c

ents

/kW

h

Wholesale price baseload1

Wholesale price peak²

Photovoltaic   increase of module efficiency   technological innovation and process optimization   economies of scale

Concentrated Solar Power   increase of plant size   improvement of efficiency   technological innovation for

solar field components   alternative heat transfer fluids

Wind – offshore and onshore   increase of turbine size   simplified design (direct drive)   improved supply chain and logistic   technological innovation (e.g. for

blades, towers and foundations)

Offshore wind4) Onshore wind4) Solar PV3) Solar CSP3)

mid-term long-term


Onshore wind power

Energy Sector plays a key role in the DII GmbH

The DESERTEC concept – renewable energies are the basis for the world’s biggest clean energy vision

Offshore wind farms – Photovoltaics HVDC power transmission lines

Solar field Receiver Power block Steam turbines Concentrated Solar Power plant


Renewables – The enabler of undreamed-of possibilities!

Thank you!

Why does a wind turbine have three blades? · 2010. 6. 14. · (CSP) Wind power Photovoltaics (PV)...

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