Criminal Justice Today Chapter 10 Pretrial Activities and the Criminal Trial Criminal Justice.
When Science and the Criminal Justice System Meet itiel ... · PDF fileIn K. Rossmo (Ed.)...
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When Science and the Criminal Justice System Meet Dr Itiel Dror Contact (E-mail): [email protected] More information (WWW): http://users.ecs.soton.ac.uk/id/biometrics.html Cognitive Consultants International
Transcript of When Science and the Criminal Justice System Meet itiel ... · PDF fileIn K. Rossmo (Ed.)...
Whe
n Sc
ienc
e an
d th
e C
rim
inal
Jus
tice
Syst
em M
eet
Dr
Itie
l Dro
r
Con
tact
(E-m
ail):
itiel
@C
ogni
tiveC
onsu
ltant
sInt
erna
tiona
l.com
Mor
e in
form
atio
n (W
WW
): h
ttp:
//use
rs.e
cs.so
ton.
ac.u
k/id
/bio
met
rics
.htm
l
Cog
nitiv
e C
onsu
ltant
s Int
erna
tiona
l
Scie
nce
‘Crim
inal
Just
ice
Syst
em’
Scie
nce
‘Pol
ice’
Scie
nce
‘For
ensi
c’
•H
uge
varia
bilit
yW
ithin
forc
es/a
genc
ies
Bet
wee
n fo
rces
Acr
oss c
ount
ries
•Th
ree
dom
ains
:Fi
nger
prin
tsC
CTV
Eyew
itnes
s
•D
ror,
I.E. &
Fra
ser-
Mac
kenz
ie, P
. (20
08).
Cog
nitiv
e bi
ases
in
hum
an p
erce
ptio
n, ju
dgm
ent,
and
deci
sion
mak
ing:
Bri
dgin
g th
eory
and
the
real
wor
ld. I
n K
. Ros
smo
(Ed.
) Cri
min
al
Inve
stig
ativ
e Fa
ilure
s (pp
53-
67).
Tayl
or &
Fra
ncis
Pub
lishi
ng.
•D
ror,
I.E. &
Ros
enth
al, R
. (20
08).
Met
a-an
alyt
ical
ly Q
uant
ifyin
g th
e R
elia
bilit
y an
d B
iasa
bilit
yof
For
ensi
c E
xper
ts. J
ourn
al o
f Fo
rens
ic S
cien
ces 5
3(4)
,900
-903
.•
Dro
r, I.E
., C
harlt
on, D
., &
Per
on A
. (20
06).
Con
text
ual
info
rmat
ion
rend
ers e
xper
ts v
ulne
rabl
e to
mak
ing
erro
neou
s id
entif
icat
ions
. For
ensi
c Sc
ienc
e In
tern
atio
nal,
156
(1),
74-7
8.•
Dro
r, I.E
. & C
harlt
on, D
. (20
06).
Why
exp
erts
mak
e er
rors
. Jo
urna
l of F
oren
sic
Iden
tific
atio
n, 5
1 (4
),60
0-61
6.•
Dro
r, I.E
., Pe
ron,
A.,
Hin
d, S
., &
Cha
rlton
, D. (
2005
). W
hen
emot
ions
get
the
bett
er o
f us:
The
eff
ect o
f con
text
ual t
op-d
own
proc
essi
ng o
n m
atch
ing
finge
rpri
nts.
Appl
ied
Cog
nitiv
e Ps
ycho
logy
, 19(
6), 7
99-8
09.
Do
they
mat
chD
o th
ey m
atch
??
Res
pons
e?•
Initi
ally
, as l
ong
as it
was
kep
t with
in th
e sc
ient
ific
com
mun
ity
quie
t•
But
, whe
n it
was
take
n on
boa
rd in
the
cour
ts, p
rofe
ssio
nal j
ourn
als a
nd th
e w
ider
sc
ient
ific
med
ia
!!!
•V
ery
diff
eren
t res
pons
e th
an in
oth
er
prof
essi
onal
dom
ains
.
Perc
eptu
al il
lusi
ons
The
sam
e pi
ece
of in
form
atio
n ca
n ge
t diff
eren
t in
terp
reta
tions
, dep
endi
ng o
n co
ntex
t
Not
onl
y pe
rcep
tual
con
text
, but
als
o m
enta
l co
ntex
t, e.
g., m
otiv
atio
n. B
alce
tis, E
. & D
unni
ng, D
. (2
006)
. See
wha
t you
wan
t to
see:
Mot
ivat
iona
l in
fluen
ces o
n vi
sual
per
cept
ion.
Jou
rnal
of
Pers
onal
ity a
nd S
ocia
l Psy
chol
ogy
91, 6
12–6
25.
Lot
s of p
sych
olog
ical
issu
es a
nd p
heno
men
a,
few
exa
mpl
es:
•Atte
ntio
n•V
isua
l sea
rch
•Sel
f-fu
lfilli
ng p
roph
ecie
s•W
ishf
ul th
inki
ng•C
onfir
mat
ion
bias
•Esc
alat
ion
of c
omm
itmen
t•C
onfo
rmity
•Cog
nitiv
e di
sson
ance
• •
The
tide
is c
hang
ing?
•Y
es, t
oo e
arly
to te
ll•
NA
S (N
atio
nal A
cade
my
of S
cien
ce)
•N
IST
(Nat
iona
l Ins
titut
e fo
r Sta
ndar
ds &
Te
chno
logy
)•
NIJ
(Nat
iona
l Ins
titut
e of
Just
ice)
Figu
re 1
1: T
he im
age
of th
e ca
r in
ques
tion,
take
n fr
om c
amer
a #6
of
the
CC
TV a
t 00:
17.2
0.
This
is th
e on
ly fr
ame
that
incl
udes
the
regi
stra
tion
plat
e of
the
car.
Figu
re 1
2: T
he c
ar's
regi
stra
tion
plat
e, e
nlar
ged
from
the
CC
TV im
age,
se
e Fi
gure
11.
The
se e
ffec
ts a
re o
ne w
ay!
1. N
ow y
ou c
an e
asily
see
the
base
ball
play
er.
2. B
ut, n
ow y
ou c
anno
t see
the
orig
inal
evi
denc
e th
e sa
me
way
you
saw
it b
efor
e th
e in
fluen
ce.
Why
?
The
min
d is
not
a c
amer
a
Than
k yo
u!
Whe
n Sc
ienc
e an
d th
e C
rim
inal
Jus
tice
Syst
em M
eet
Dr
Itie
lDro
r
Con
tact
(E-m
ail):
itiel
@C
ogni
tiveC
onsu
ltant
sInt
erna
tiona
l.com
Mor
e in
form
atio
n (W
WW
): h
ttp:
//use
rs.e
cs.so
ton.
ac.u
k/id
/bio
met
rics
.htm
l
Cog
nitiv
e C
onsu
ltant
s Int
erna
tiona
l
