What qualifies an organism to fit in Plantae?

Must be able to photosynthesize Almost unlimited growth in certain regionsHave cells with cellulose Lack of organs to moveNo nervous system or sensory systemHave haploid and diploid generations

(britannica,2007)

BY: NADJA VAN BRENK

Distinguishing Characteristics of Plantae Compared To Other

Kingdoms

Animals

Plants: generally in one place, chlorophyll

Animals: can move on own Plants: make food, can’t

sense (usually) Animals: plants/ animals,

sensory + nervous system Plants: give oxygen + take in

CO2 Animals: give CO2 + take in

oxygen(mcwdn.org)

Plants Compared to…

Fungi

Plants: can make food, have chlorophyll

Fungi: can NOT make food, no chlorophyll

Plants: reproduce through pollen/seeds

Fungi: reproduce through spores (reproductive unit) – (Google Translate)

Plants: attach ground, cellulose, produce biomass

Fungi: net filaments, chitin, decompose biomass

(Difference Between.net)

Difference Between Plants and…

Achaea Eubacteria

Plants: found in oxygen environments

Achaea: only in oxygen free environments

Plants: reproduce through seeds/pollen

Achaea: reproduce through “binary fission”

(Jirage, October 18,2012)

Plants: seeds/pollenEubacteria: “binary

fission” (pinch off, DNA splits)

(Chelius, Kent, Yannarell, Triplett)

Plants compared to…

Difference Between Plants and Protista

Plants: don’t moveProtista: flagellum, cilia, or

amoeboid mechanismsPlants: cell wallProtista: usually no cell wallProtista: TINY. (Caprette)

What do plants have?

• Plants can make their own food• Sunlight, water + carbon dioxide = simple sugars• Terrestrial plants vascular system• Water from ground + into plant• Aquatic plants absorb water + nutrients leaves

What does it have?

• Plants take carbon dioxide• Use for photosynthesis, +

release oxygen• Plants have cell wall,

cellulose + pectin• Plants rely third parties to

procreateex: wind, animals + water

What traits are required?

Multi-cellular and develop from embryos

Photosynthesize, contain chloroplasts

Cellular-based cell walls Plants are eukaryotes

(Abedon,1997)

(Waters,2006)

Aloe Vera

Scientific name- Aloe vera or Aloe barbadensis

(Olga berrios, 2008)

(LINCOLNOSE2®, flickr, 2008)

What is Aloe?

Aloe is a Lilly like plant

Is found in warm, dry climates

Is grey-green with about 25 leaves

The plant has little/no stem

Has medical qualities

Native to Africa (Sheep"R"Us, flickr, 2008)

Taxonomy of Aloe

Kingdom-PlantaeSubkingdom-Tracheobionta

Superdivision- SpermatophytaDivision-Magnoliophyta

Class-LiliopsidaSubclass-Liliidae

Order-LilialesFamily-Aloaceae

Genus-Aloe L

(USDA,2006)

Habitats

Aloe was originally from Africa Now found in many warm climates Grown commercially in California, Texas,

Florida Found in, America, Europe, Australia,

Mediterranean

(Onekell, flickr, 2006)

(Pfatter, flickr, 2012)

(Samuel said,2003, Earlham, 2003)

Threats to Aloe

Frost in the ground is fatal

Flooding, roots can drown

Animals will eat aloe

Deforestation, humans taking its habitat away

Also fires when climate is dry

(Leonora Enking, 2010)

Human impact

Humans use the plant for medicine We also plant and farm AloeWe've moved it to many countries Our deforestation takes away its habitat

( jdong, flickr, 2007)

(Gravitywave, flickr, 2005)

Medical benefits

Heals wounds, cuts, burns and constipation

Has agents to kill/control infection

pain killing agents as well

Contains anti-inflammatory fatty acids

has 23 immune stimulators

Also 2 tumour fighting ingredients

(Phuong Tran, flickr, 2010)

(flp, 2005)

References Britannica.(2007, ). .Retrieved from http://kids.britannica.com/lm/passport/plant_kingdom.pdfSamuel said.(2003, ). Forever living products.Retrieved

from http://www.aloeria.co.uk/html/top_10_flp_facts.html USDA(united states department of agriculture).(2006, ).Plants profile, aloe .Retrieved

from http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=alve2 Earlham college.(2003,April 4).Aloe Vera.Retrieved from http://legacy.earlham.edu/~banvael/aloevera.html

Lincolnose(2008)http://www.flickr.com/photos/lincolnose2/2262852050/( Olga berrios, 2008) retrieved from march 4th 2013http://www.flickr.com/photos/ofernandezberrios/2846295298/One kell (2006) retrieved from march 4th 2013 http://www.flickr.com/photos/onekell/125052894/Augustsieben(2007) retrieved from march 4th 2013 http://www.flickr.com/photos/augustsieben/7148520631/ enkin (2010) retrieved from march 4th 2013 http://www.flickr.com/photos/33037982@N04/4248212766/Jdong (2006) retrieved from march 4th 2013 http://www.flickr.com/photos/jdong/626808472/sizes/m/in/photostream/Gravity wave (2007) retrieved from march 4th 2013 http://www.flickr.com/photos/gravitywave/37176722/Phuong (2009) retrieved from march 4th 2013 http://www.flickr.com/photos/phuonglovejesus2782010/5558469173/Sheeprus.(2008, ).Aloe Vera .Retrieved from retrieved from march 4th 2013  http://www.flickr.com/photos/sheeprus/2917537790.

BY: NADJA VAN BRENK

Venus flytrap

(Cepolina)

Kingdom: PlantaePhylum: AnthophytaClass: MagnoliopsidaOrder: NepenthalesFamily: DroseraceaeGenus: Dionaea

(Arkive)

What is a Venus flytrap?

Definition: carnivorous plant,

catches + digests prey (Google translate)

Dionaea muscipulaDionaea – “diana”-

goddess of love + beauty

Muscipula – mousetrap

Venus – goddess Aphrodite “Dione”

flytrap – catches insects

(Matt, 2008, April 4)

Structure

Stock- around <14 inches 4-8 leaves (rosette formation)Short roots, cilia, trigger

hairs, lobes (Carolina Carnivores, 2004)Tiny white flowers bloom-

unless cut (Vicynthia, May 21, 2012)Glands on lobes

(nectar/digestive juices)Interior= red/exterior=

green(Schnell, 2002)

Botanical Society of America

Habitat

Coast North + South Carolina (savannas + wetlands) –(Schnell, 2002)

Most plants can’t survive- flytraps can

Soil around pH 4-5In peat, sand, or loam Perennial Habitat of not usually below

32 F (Meeker-O’Connell)(Carolina Carnivores, 2004)

Venus flytrap

How does it catch it’s prey? • Contains ion

channels• Fires neurons• Stimulated

mechanoreception (chemical + electrical changes)

(Rogers, 2009, July 31)

timer @ one touch (range 20-40 seconds)

lobes snap shut (about 0.3 seconds)

fluid shift + growth cells outer surface

(Schnell, 2002)

How Does it Catch it’s Prey (Continued)

not food = “spit” out 12h later

The cilia will keep prey inside

digestive fluids IN and bacteria OUT

After 4-5 openings, turns black + dies

slightly open after catching prey

(Meeker-O’Connell)

How does the Venus flytrap Digest the Prey? Size of preyTemperatureHow old the Venus Fly Trap is # of times going through the process (Botanical Society of America)

digestive juices + dissolves inner NOT exoskeleton

5-12 days:Reabsorbs digestive juices +

opens up(Meeker, O’Connell)

Endangerment Status

Human beings Logging and trying to stop

wildfiresPoachers (for profit)(Jennings, 2012, January 26)(Baker, 2008, May 10)

Applications/Impacts

extract to make an herbal remedy

Liquid form/capsuleInjected/by mouthPlumbagin – active

ingredient Also: flavonoids, acids,

enzymesSome people believe it

prevents cancers, etc. (American Cancer Society, 2008)

Venus flytrap

http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=O7eQKSf0LmY

References

References Baker, M. (2008, May 10). USA Today. Retrieved February 25, 2013 from

http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/tech/science/environment/2008-10-05-venus-flytraps_N.htm Caprette, D.R. (n.d.). Experimental Biosciences. Retrieved February 26, 2013 from

http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~bioslabs/studies/invertebrates/kingdoms.html Chelius, M.K., Kent, A.D., Yannarell, A.C., & Triplett, E.W. (n.d.) Biology Reference. Retrieved

February 26, 2013 from http://www.biologyreference.com/Ep-Fl/Eubacteria.html Jennings, A. (2012, January 26). abc News. Retrieved February 18, 2013 from

http://abcnews.go.com/US/endangered-venus-flytrap-poached-profit/story?id=15444075 Jirage, R. (2012, October 10). Buzzle. Retrieved February 26, 2013 from

http://www.buzzle.com/articles/characteristics-of-archaebacteria.html Johnson, R.L, (2007). Carnivorous Plants. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications Company. Matt. (2008, April 4). FlyTrap Care. Retrieved February 11, 2013 from

http://www.flytrapcare.com/venus-fly-trap-background-information.html?start=3 Meeker-O’Connell, A. (n.d.) How Stuff Works. Retrieved February 11, 2013 from

http://science.howstuffworks.com/life/botany/venus-flytrap.htm Roberts, A. (n.d.) Ehow Home. Retrieved February 18, 2013 from

http://www.ehow.com/facts_7624155_relationship-between-venus-flytrap-insects.html Rogers, K. (2009, July 31). Encyclopedia Britannica Blog. Retrieved February 11, 2013 from

http://www.britannica.com/blogs/2009/07/the-carnivorous-venus-flytrap/

References

Schnell, D.E. (2002). Carnivorous Plants of the United States and Canada (2nd Edition). Portland, Oregon: Timber Press, Inc.

Tucker, A. (2010, February). Smithsonian.com. Retrieved March 2, 2013 from http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/The-Venus-Flytraps-Lethal-Allure.html?c=y&page=1

Vicynthia. (2012, May 21). Tree-nation. Retrieved February 18, 2013 from http://www.tree-nation.com/forests/discussions/2038/highlight-a-fact-about-rainforests-flowers

Carolina Carnivores. (n.d.) Retrieved February 11, 2013 from http://carolinacarnivores.com/html/venus_flytrap.html

American Cancer Society. (2008, November 28). Retrieved February 11, 2013 from http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/complementaryandalternativemedicine/herbsvitaminsandminerals/venus-flytrap

Archaea [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://www.microbiologyonline.org.uk/about-microbiology/introducing-microbes/archaea

Plants. (n.d.) Retrieved February 26, 2013 from http://www.mcwdn.org/Plants/PlantsDiffer.html My Carnivore. (n.d.) Retrieved February 11, 2013 from http://www.mycarnivore.com/venus-fly-trap-care.php Carnivorous Venus Fly Trap- Carnivorous [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://www.cepolina.com/carnivorous-

venus-fly-trap.html Difference Between.net. (n.d.) Retrieved February 26, 2013 from

http://www.differencebetween.net/science/difference-between-fungi-and-plants/ BBC. (2009, December 2). Life- Venus Flytraps: Jaws of Death- BBC One [Video]. Available from

http://www.youtube.com/ Venus Flytrap closed [Photograph]. Retrieved from

http://www.arkive.org/venus-flytrap/dionaea-muscipula/image-G130819.html The Mysterious Venus’ Flytrap. (n.d.). Retrieved March 2, 2013 from http://www.botany.org/bsa/misc/carn.html Arkive. (2006, June 6). Rice, Barry. Retrieved March 3, 2013 from http://www.arkive.org/venus-flytrap/dionaea-

muscipula/image-G130819.html

Kingdom presentationsPITCHER PLANT

Pitcher plant photo(2013)retrieved march 3, 2013, www.nikiwilson.com

Taxonomy

taxon Pitcher plantkingdom Plantaephylum anthophytaclass dictyledonsorder nepenthalesfamily sarraceniaceaegenus sarraceniaspecies Sarracenia ruba

Malloy, Gerald(2008)bio web, retrieved march 3, 2013, http://bioweb.uwlax.edu

Nutrition

Pitcher plant is a carnivorous plantAttracts prey by secreting nectarPrimary food source is insectsFeeds on nectar, moves into plantThen the prey falls into plantEnzymes released by special digestive

glands

Malloy, Gerald(2008)bio web, retrieved march 3, 2013, http://bioweb.uwlax.edu

Habitat

Native to anyplace with right habitatSunny bogs, covered in peat mossSoil they live in water loggedSoil is low in mineralsSoil has low pH levelsSoil has low nitrogen levels

Mentzer Pond, Alissa(2013)Ehow, retrieved march 3, 2013, www.ehow.com

Threats

Loss of its wetland environment Air and water pollution, forest clearingForest clearingOther man made environmental changesLoss of plant will affect ecosystem

U.S fish and wildlife service(January 11, 2012) retrieved march 3 2013, www.fws.gov.com

Oien, Larry(september 7,2012)retrieved march 3, 2013, www.flickr.com

Video

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ya2ndp1OrPQ

ReferencesGeneral:Martinez, Jessica (2013) Ehow, retrieved march 3, 2013, www.ehow.com

Specific:Malloy, Gerald(2008) Bioweb, retrieved march 3, 2013, http://bioweb.uwlax.eduMentzer Pond, Alissa(2013)Ehow, retrieved march 3, 2013, www.ehow.comU.S fish and wildlife service(January 11,2012) retrieved march 3, 2013, www.fws.gov.com

Pictures:Oien, Larry(September 7, 2012) retrieved march 3, 2013, www.flickr.com (slide 5)Pitcher plant photo (2013), retrieved march3, 2013, www.nikiwilson.com, (title)

BRUGMANSIA CANDIDAAngel’s Trumpet)

(Ghosh, 2008)

Taxonomy

Kingdom- PlantaePhyla- Magnoliophyta(flowering) Class- MagnoliopsidaOrder- SolanalesFamily- SolanaceaeGenus- BrugmansiaSpecies- candida

(National Tropical Botanical Garden, 2013)

(Murphy,2005)

Description

Evergreen shrubGrows to be 10-20 feet tallThe plant creates an umbrella-like canopyFlowers grow to 9-14 inches longMany colours: white, yellow, orange + pinkAll parts of plant are poisonous

(National Tropical Botanical Garden,2013)

Habitat

Native to South AmericaRuns from Columbia, down to southern Peru

+ middle of Chile Grows best in damp conditionsCan be grown in North America

- should in greenhouse, temperatures under 5°C

(National Tropical Botanical Garden,

2013)

(Butterfield, 2009)

Hallucinogenic

Scopolamine causes powerful hallucinationsPlant induces a trance stageAffects violent, user may physically

restrainedOverdose symptoms: convulsions, coma, permanent damage heart, death

(TheDrugSafety.com, 2011)

(Porter,2009)

Native Uses

Drink hot + cold infusions, leaves + flowersGound seeds into fermented maize beer Natives Brazil smoke leaves narcotic effectBelieved to relieve asthma

Top(Tropicals LLC, 2003 – 2013)(Valke,2010)

References I N F O R M A T I O NA N G E L’ S T R U M P E T. ( N A ) . R E T R I E V E D F E B R UA RY 2 6 , 2 0 1 3 , F R O M H T T P : / / T H E D R U G S A F E T Y. C O M / H E R B S / D AT U R A - A N D - B R U G M A N S I A /B R U G M A N S I A X C A N D I D A . ( N A ) . R E T R I E V E D F E B R UA RY 2 6 , 2 0 1 3 , F R O M H T T P : / / N T B G . O R G / P L A N T S / P L A N T _ D E TA I L S . P H P ? P L A N T I D = 1 1 8 5 0D AT U R A . ( N A ) . R E T R I E V E D F E B R UA RY 2 6 , 2 0 1 3 , F R O M H T T P : / / T O P T R O P I C A L S . C O M / H T M L / T O P T R O P I C A L S / A RT I C L E S / S P E C I A L .H T ME V O LU T I O N O F P L A N T S ( 1 9 9 7 , M AY 1 9 ) . R E T R I E V E D F E B R UA RY 2 6 , 2 0 1 3 , F R O M H T T P: / / W W W. M A N S F I E L D . O H I O - S TAT E . E D U / ~S A B E D O N / B I O L 3 0 6 0 . H T M

P I C T U R E SA N G E L’ S T R U M P E T [ P H O T O G R A P H ] . 2 0 0 8 . R E T R I E V E D F R O M H T T P : / / C O M M O N S . W I K I M E D I A . O R G / W I K I / F I L E : A N G E LT R U M P E T _ M O U N TS _ A S I T. J P GA N G E L’ S T R U M P E T [ P H O T O G R A P H ] . 2 0 0 9 . R E T R I E V E D F R O M H T T P : / / W W W. F L I C K R . C O M / P H O T O S / V I C T O R I A P O RT E R / 3 2 6 7 2 9 1 5 0 8 /B E S H A R A M [ P H O T O G R A P H ] . 2 0 1 0 . R E T R I E V E D F R O M H T T P : / / W W W. F O T O P E D I A . C O M / I T E M S / F L I C K R - 2 4 6 4 3 1 6 8 6 4B R U G M A N S I A [ P H O T O G R A P H ] . 2 0 0 5 . R E T R I E V E D F R O M H T T P : / / C O M M O N S . W I K I M E D I A . O R G / W I K I / F I L E : B R U G M A N S I A _ ( D E TA I L ) .J P GB R U G M A N S I A [ P H O T O G R A P H ] . 2 0 0 9 . R E T R I E V E D F R O M H T T P : / / J A . F O T O P E D I A . C O M / I T E M S / F L I C K R - 4 0 2 0 2 9 1 6R H U S G L A B R A [ P H O T O G R A P H ] . 2 0 0 6 . R E T R I E V E D F R O M H T T P : / / W W W. F L I C K R . C O M / P H O T O S / T I M -WAT E R S / 1 8 5 5 8 7 2 6 9 /