What I Did With My Biological Sciences Degree by Thaddus Wilkerson
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Transcript of What I Did With My Biological Sciences Degree by Thaddus Wilkerson
“What I did with my Biological Sciences Degree”
Working as an Infectious Diseases Clinical Pharmacy SpecialistMinimizing the Impact through Antimicrobial Stewardship
Antibiotic Resistance is a Public Health Crisis
At this time, I vow to devote my professional life to the service of all humankind through the profession of pharmacy.
I will consider the welfare of humanity and relief of human suffering my primary concerns.
I will apply my knowledge, experience, and skills to the best of my ability to assure optimal drug therapy outcomes for the patients I serve.
I will keep abreast of developments and maintain professional competency in my profession of pharmacy.
I will maintain the highest principles of moral, ethical, and legal conduct.
I will embrace and advocate change in the profession of pharmacy that improves patient care.
I take these vows voluntarily with the full realization of the responsibility with which I am entrusted by the public.
Oath of a Pharmacist
Mission: Protect, promote and advance the health and safety of our nation.◦ Rapid and effective response to public health needs◦ Leadership and excellence in public health practices◦ Advancement of public health science
Corps officers are involved in ◦ disease control and prevention◦ biomedical research◦ regulation of food and drugs◦ mental health and drug abuse◦ health care delivery
The origins of the Public Health Service are to be found with sailors and medical care. July 16, 1798 – 5th Congress passed an Act, signed by President John Adams
◦ “to provide for the accommodation of sick and disabled seamen.” Today: more than 6,500 active-duty officers working to create a global world free of preventable
disease, sickness, and suffering.◦ CDC◦ NIH◦ IHS◦ NOAA◦ FDA◦ CMS◦ BOP
USPHS
General Biology Botany Cell Biology Invertebrates Parasitology Virology Microbiology Immunology Anatomy & Physiology Pathophysiology Genetics
Leading up to a career in ID PharmacyIBM Austin TexasSport’s AuthorityBiology & Chemistry TutorDispute resolution & mediationImmunology Lab Technician
American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP.org)◦ Calculus, Statistics, Physics with lab◦ General biology with lab◦ Human anatomy & physiology◦ Microbiology with lab◦ Upper division bioliogy (ex Molecular)◦ General Chem with lab, organic chem with lab◦ Biochemistry◦ Reading & writing for college or equivalen◦ Public speaking◦ Liberal arts / Humanities◦ Economics◦ Human Behavior (social,behavioral, psych)
Getting Into Pharmacy School
Sante Fe – Policy & advocacy
DC – AAIP VA – ambulatory care ID Homeless Shelter Clinics & volunteering
with health fairs Reservation PIMC
Walgreen’s IHS Cardiovascular risk
reduction
Retail Outpatient Consultant MTM Inpatient Midlevel Pharmaceutical Industry Research Radiopharmacy Toxicology Academia
Clinical Pharmacy◦ HIV◦ ID◦ Diabetes◦ Cardiovascular◦ Oncology◦ Pediatrics◦ Psych◦ Home Health◦ Critical Care◦ Emergency
Travel Medicine
Career Options with a PharmD
Broad-spectrum Once daily Oral and IV
Works by inhibiting topoisomerase II, IV◦ Enzyme needed to
separate replicating DNA
◦ Blocks cell division
Resistance◦ Efflux pumps◦ Plasmid-mediated
resistance genes for proteins that block binding
◦ Mutations in DNA gyrase
Levofloxacin
More than 2 million people are infected by drug-resistant germs each year
23,000 die of their infections The biggest killer is C. difficile Up to half the antibiotic Rx written are
unnecessary. These unneeded antibiotics are
making the superbug problem worse. There are not any new antibiotics
immediately in development that will kill these.
Older antibiotics with toxic side effects are the last line defense.
Public Health Crisis
NBC NEWS Sept 16, 2013
MDR Acinetobacter Drug-resistant
Campylobacter Fluconazole-resistant
Candida ESBLs VRE MDR Pseudomonas Drug-resistant Non-
typhoidal Salmonella Drug-resistant Shigella
CRE MRSA VRSA Drug-resistant Strep
pneumoniae Erythromycin-resistant
Group A Strep Clindamycin-resistant
Group B Strep Drug-resistant TB
Public Health Crisis
Abx resistant TB Mycobacterial efflux pump promotes intracellular
survival and may mediate tolerance to antimicrobials Verapamil – drug for heart disease C3HeB/FeJ mice model of TB – lung lesions like
humans◦ Infected with aerosol M. tuberculosis◦ Given standard anti-TB treatment (RIPE) + Verapamil◦ Lung colony-forming units progressively decreased and lower
than standard treatment at 2, 4, 8, & 12 weeks◦ All mice culture negative at 4 months with verapamil◦ Lower 3-month relapse
Murine model-Efflux-Pump
J Respir Crit Care Med 2013 Sep 1
Treat infection not colonization
Use the most effective drug, dose with the shortest duration
Minimize unnecessary broad-spectrum antibiotic exposure
Minimize the spread of resistant bugs
Education Guidelines Daily monitoring Restriction Microbiology
interpretation Rapid diagnostics
Antimicrobial Stewardship – Clinical Model
Thaddus D. Wilkerson, Pharm.D., [email protected](907) 729-2155
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