Westward ExpansionWestward Expansion1801-18611801-1861

Content Objective: Students will be able Content Objective: Students will be able to describe how expansion affected the to describe how expansion affected the political make-up of the United States. political make-up of the United States.

Big Ideas…Big Ideas… Between 1801 and 1861, exploration was Between 1801 and 1861, exploration was

encouraged as America underwent vast encouraged as America underwent vast territorial expansion and settlement. and settlement.

Westward migration was influenced by Westward migration was influenced by geographygeography and and economiceconomic opportunity. opportunity.

Prior to the Civil War, most Prior to the Civil War, most industrialization in America was in the industrialization in America was in the NorthNorth; however, the equipment produced ; however, the equipment produced in the North had an impact on the farming in the North had an impact on the farming society in the society in the SouthSouth. .

The The abolitionistsabolitionists worked to end slavery. worked to end slavery. The The suffrage movementsuffrage movement helped women helped women

gain equal rights. gain equal rights.

Post-Revolutionary Post-Revolutionary AmericaAmerica

The Louisiana PurchaseThe Louisiana Purchase

New territories added to the New territories added to the United States after 1801United States after 1801

Louisiana PurchaseLouisiana Purchase Jefferson bought land from France Jefferson bought land from France (the (the

Louisiana Purchase), Louisiana Purchase), which which doubleddoubled the size of the United States.the size of the United States.

In the Lewis and Clark expedition, In the Lewis and Clark expedition, Meriwether Lewis and William Clark Meriwether Lewis and William Clark explored the Louisiana Purchase from explored the Louisiana Purchase from the the Mississippi River Mississippi River to the to the Pacific Pacific OceanOcean..

Lousiana PurchaseLousiana Purchase

Other TerritoriesOther Territories

FloridaFlorida– Spain Spain gavegave Florida to the United States Florida to the United States

through a through a treatytreaty.. TexasTexas

– Texas was Texas was addedadded after it became an after it became an independent republic.independent republic.

OregonOregon– The Oregon Territory was The Oregon Territory was divideddivided by the by the

United States and Great Britain.United States and Great Britain. CaliforniaCalifornia

– War with Mexico resulted in War with Mexico resulted in CaliforniaCalifornia and and the the southwest territory southwest territory becoming part of the becoming part of the United States.United States.

Florida, Texas, Oregon, Florida, Texas, Oregon, CaliforniaCalifornia

ObjectivesObjectives

Content Objective: Students will Content Objective: Students will identify the factors that identify the factors that influenced settlers to move west. influenced settlers to move west.

Language Objective: Students will Language Objective: Students will be able to describe inventions be able to describe inventions that impacted the lives of that impacted the lives of AmericansAmericans

Factors affecting westward Factors affecting westward expansionexpansion

Geographic and economic factors that Geographic and economic factors that influenced westward movementinfluenced westward movement– PopulationPopulation growth in the eastern states growth in the eastern states– Availability of Availability of cheapcheap, , fertile fertile landland– EconomicEconomic opportunity, e.g., opportunity, e.g., goldgold (California Gold (California Gold

Rush), Rush), logging, farminglogging, farming, , freedomfreedom (for runaway (for runaway slaves)slaves)

– CheapeCheaper and r and fasterfaster transportation, e.g., transportation, e.g., rivers and rivers and canals canals (Erie Canal), (Erie Canal), steamboatssteamboats

– Knowledge of overland trails (Knowledge of overland trails (Oregon and Santa FeOregon and Santa Fe))– Belief in the right of Belief in the right of “Manifest Destiny”—“Manifest Destiny”—The idea The idea

that expansion was for the good of the country and that expansion was for the good of the country and was the right of the country was the right of the country

Important InventionsImportant Inventions

The The cotton gin cotton gin was invented by was invented by Eli Eli WhitneyWhitney. It increased the production of . It increased the production of cotton and thus increased the need for cotton and thus increased the need for slave labor to cultivate and pick the slave labor to cultivate and pick the cotton.cotton.

Important InventionsImportant Inventions

Jo Anderson Jo Anderson (a slave) and (a slave) and Cyrus Cyrus McCormick McCormick worked to invent the worked to invent the reaperreaper. The reaper increased the . The reaper increased the productivity of the American productivity of the American farmer.farmer.

Famous InventionsFamous Inventions

The The steamboatsteamboat was improved by was improved by Robert Robert FultonFulton. It eventually provided faster river . It eventually provided faster river transportation that connected Southern transportation that connected Southern plantations and farms to Northern industries plantations and farms to Northern industries and Western territories.and Western territories.

The The steam locomotivesteam locomotive provided faster land provided faster land transportation. transportation.

Beliefs about Civil Beliefs about Civil RightsRights Abolitionist movementAbolitionist movement

– Most abolitionists demanded immediate freeing of Most abolitionists demanded immediate freeing of the slaves.the slaves.

– Abolitionists believed that slavery was wrong.Abolitionists believed that slavery was wrong.– Morally wrong Morally wrong – Cruel and inhumane Cruel and inhumane – A violation of the principles of democracyA violation of the principles of democracy– Abolitionist leaders included both men and women.Abolitionist leaders included both men and women.– Harriet TubmanHarriet Tubman– William Lloyd GarrisonWilliam Lloyd Garrison– Frederick DouglassFrederick Douglass

Harriet TubmanHarriet Tubman

Supported the Supported the secret route, or secret route, or Underground Underground Railroad, that Railroad, that helped escaped helped escaped southern slaves southern slaves to reach to reach northern free northern free states.states.

Frederick DouglassFrederick Douglass

Former SlaveFormer Slave Escaped slavery Escaped slavery

and became an and became an abolitionist.abolitionist.

William Lloyd GarrisonWilliam Lloyd Garrison

Abolitionist leaderAbolitionist leader Believed that slavery Believed that slavery

was immoral and was immoral and demanded that slaves demanded that slaves be immediately freedbe immediately freed

Beliefs about civil Beliefs about civil rightsrights

Suffrage movementSuffrage movement– Supporters declared that “All men and women Supporters declared that “All men and women

are created equal.”are created equal.”– Supporters believed that women were deprived Supporters believed that women were deprived

of basic rights.of basic rights. Denied the right to voteDenied the right to vote Denied educational opportunities, especially higher Denied educational opportunities, especially higher

educationeducation Denied equal opportunities in businessDenied equal opportunities in business Limited in rights to own property Limited in rights to own property

– The movement was led by strong women who The movement was led by strong women who began their campaign before the Civil War and began their campaign before the Civil War and continued after the war had ended.continued after the war had ended.

Isabel Sojourner TruthIsabel Sojourner Truth Susan B. AnthonySusan B. Anthony Elizabeth Cady Stanton Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Isabel Sojourner TruthIsabel Sojourner Truth

Suffragist and Suffragist and AbolitionistAbolitionist

Was born a slave and Was born a slave and worked for equal rights worked for equal rights for women as well as for women as well as for the end of slaveryfor the end of slavery

Susan B. AnthonySusan B. Anthony

Supporter of the Supporter of the suffrage movementsuffrage movement

Declared that women Declared that women and men are entitled and men are entitled to the same rights in to the same rights in all areas of life, all areas of life, including the right to including the right to vote and own vote and own propertyproperty

Elizabeth Cady StantonElizabeth Cady Stanton

Leader of the Leader of the Suffrage Suffrage MovementMovement

Worked closely Worked closely with Susan B. with Susan B. AnthonyAnthony

Wrote The Wrote The Seneca Falls Declaration

Essential QuestionsEssential Questions What new territories became part of What new territories became part of

the United States between 1801 and the United States between 1801 and 1861? 1861?

What factors influenced westward What factors influenced westward migration? migration?

How did the inventions affect the lives How did the inventions affect the lives of Americans? of Americans?

What were the main ideas expressed What were the main ideas expressed by the abolitionists?by the abolitionists?

What were the main ideas expressed What were the main ideas expressed during the suffrage movement? during the suffrage movement?