Welcome to Presentation onEFFECTIVE STRATEGIES FOR MAINSTREAMING DRR & CCA

INTO SECTORAL DEPARTMENTS/MINISTRIESIN BANGLADESH

Md. Munir ChowdhuryJoint Secretary

Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief

COMMMUNITY BASED RESILIENCE: MAINSTREAMING DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND CLIMATE CHANGE  INTO DEVELOPMENT PLANNING

CAPACITY BUILDING AWARENESS RAISING

RAISING PLINTHS

ASSESSMENT

CRA PREPAREDNESS

AGRICULTURAL ADAPTATION

SAFE WATER SUPPLY

3

Bangladesh: Country context and vulnerabilityBangladesh: Country context and vulnerability

Recognized globally as one of the most vulnerable countries to Climate Change

Geographical location & land characteristics,Geographical location & land characteristics,‐‐

Deltaic landscape, 80% floodplainDeltaic landscape, 80% floodplain

Multiplicity of rivers and the monsoon climateMultiplicity of rivers and the monsoon climate‐‐

Over 300 rivers, 57 trans boundary riversOver 300 rivers, 57 trans boundary rivers‐‐

Drains entire western Himalayan runoff to the BayDrains entire western Himalayan runoff to the Bay

Population density very high (1045/sq.km)Population density very high (1045/sq.km)

High level of poverty High level of poverty 

Natural resources based (predominantly agrarian) Natural resources based (predominantly agrarian)  economyeconomy

DROUGHT ‐

Affecting 8.3 million Ha of 

land. 

RISK PROFILERISK PROFILE

FLASH FLOOD –Unpredictable, recurring, 

uncertain.

FLOOD ‐

Inundates more areas, increases 

river erosion, breaches embankments, 

damages infrastructures. 

CYCLONE ‐

The deadliest  and most 

destructive hazard. It is recurring, with 

lingering aftermath, complex recovery.

First rank climate change vulnerable nations.

Fifth rank

in the world risk index 2012

SALINITY INTRUSION ‐

Spreading from 1.5 

to 2.5 Mha (2007). 

CLIMATE CHANGE HAZARDS, EARTHQUAKES, 

FIRE BREAKOUT, INFRASTRUCTURE COLLAPSE 

ETC.

Number of people exposed yearly

46 Million

24 Million

7 Million

Translated into annually 14% GNP exposure to disasters, the highest in the world…

71 Million

20 Million

Flood

CycloneCyclone

Coastal upazilas affected by severe

cyclones

Earthquake Risk Earthquake Risk ZoneZone

RIVER EROSIONRIVER EROSION

DroughtDrought

Tsunami/ Tsunami/ Tidal surge Tidal surge

VulnerabilityVulnerability

●

Flood●

Tropical Cyclone

●

Storm Surge●

Tornado

●

River Bank  Erosion

●

Drought●

Earthquake

Year

Disaster

Death1970    Cyclone

300,000

1988

Flood

23731988

Cyclone

5704

1989

Drought 800

1991

Cyclone    

138,8681996

Tornado

545

1997

Cyclone 550

1998   

Flood

10502004

Flood

747

2007 Flood

10712007     Cyclone SIDR   34062009 Cyclone AILA

190

Major DisastersMajor Hazards

Bangladesh has the highest vulnerability  to flooding.

Cyclonic hazard

the second highest  possible natural disaster in Bangladesh.

EVOLUTION OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

IN BANGLADESH

1970-1985 Reactive in nature: Response oriented DM system

1985-1999 Flood Action Plan (FAP) 1988Establishment of Disaster Management Bureau in 1993Formulation of SOD,1997 with institutional framework

2000 – 2012 A comprehensive DM system including Risk Reduction and CCARe-structuring institutional frameworkFormulation of plans, act etc.Revision of SOD (2010)Department of Disaster Management (DMB merged with DRR)Newly created Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief

The disaster management vision of the Government of  the People's Republic of Bangladesh is :

to 

reduce 

the 

risk 

of 

people, 

especially 

the 

poor 

and  the 

disadvantaged, 

from 

the 

effects 

of 

natural, 

environment 

and 

human 

induced 

hazards 

to 

a  manageable 

and 

acceptable 

humanitarian 

level 

and 

to 

have 

in 

place 

an 

efficient 

emergency 

response  management 

system 

capable 

of 

handling 

large 

scale 

disaster.

To 

achieve 

a 

paradigm 

shift 

in 

disaster  management 

from conventional response and relief practice to a more comprehensive risk reduction culture, and to 

promote

food 

security

as 

an 

important 

factor 

in 

ensuring the resilience of communities to hazards

To 

strengthen 

the 

capacity 

of 

the 

Bangladesh  Disaster Management system

to reduce unacceptable risk  and to improve response and recovery management 

at all levels.

DM Model for Bangladesh

1717

The Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief  (MoDMR) is overall responsible for coordinating  national disaster management efforts across all 

agencies.Department of Disaster Management is the 

implementing agency .•CDMP – Program of the MoDMR• CPP ‐

Program of the MoDMR

Under  the DM Act,2012 a series of inter‐related committees, at  both national and sub‐national levels have been created –

The National Disaster Management Council (NDMC) is the  highest body chaired by the Prime Minister.

Other important committees at the policy level are●

Inter‐Ministerial Disaster Coordination Committee 

(IMDMCC),●

Disaster Management Advisory Committee, and 

●

National Disaster Response Coordination Group  (NDRCG).

National Committees under Act/SOD

Cyclone Preparedness Program Implementation Board (CPPIB)

Disaster Management Training and Public Awareness Building Task Force (DMTATF)

Focal Point Operation Coordination Group of Disaster Management (FPOCG)

NGO Coordination Committee on Disaster Management (NGOCC)

Committee for Speedy Dissemination of Disaster Related Warning/ Signals (CSDDWS)

Field Level Committees

District Disaster Management Committee (DDMC) headed 

by DC to co‐ordinate and review the disaster management  activities at the district level

Upazila

Disaster Management Committee (UZDMC)

headed  by UNO to co‐ordinate and review the disaster management 

activities at the Upazila level

Union Disaster Management Committee (UDMC)

headed by 

the Chairman of the Union Parishad to co‐ordinate, review and  implement the disaster management activities of the concerned  union

Pourashava 

Disaster Management Committee (PDMC) headed by the Mayor Pourashava to co‐ordinate, review and  implement the disaster management activities within its area of 

jurisdiction

City Corporation

Disaster Management Committee 

(CCDMC)

headed by the Mayor of City Corporations to co‐ ordinate, review and implement the disaster management 

activities within its area of jurisdiction.

Legal instrumentsLegal instruments

The Allocation of Business of MoDMRDisaster Management Act, 2012Standing Orders on Disaster (SOD)(Revised in 2010)

National Plan for Disaster Management 2010‐2015National Disaster Management Policy(Draft)

Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan 2009

Cyclone Shelter Construction, Maintenance and  Management Policy 2011

SAARC Agreement on Rapid Response to Natural Disasters

▪

Mainstreaming of the issues into development policies, ▪

Creating and strengthening national integrated disaster and 

climate risk reduction mechanisms,▪

Implementing key activities as described in Hyogo Framework 

for Action (HFA)▪

Flood Forecasting Warning Centre (FFWC) through Data 

management and Interactive  Web Site, ▪

Institutes of Water and Flood Management (IWFM),) 

▪

Cyclone Preparedness Programme (CPP), ▪

Geological Survey of Bangladesh (GSB), 

▪

Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD), and ▪

National Disaster Volunteer.

●

12 major ministries to develop technologies for reducing vulnerabilities   and identify disaster proofing technologies in respective sectors. 

●

Comprehensive Disaster management Programme (Phase II).●

6th

Five‐Year Development Planning contains DRR and CCA Section – DRF target fixed

●

Vision 2021●

Perspective Plan 2010‐2021

●

ECNEC decision to include DRR considerations in Development Project  Proforma

●

Planning Commission: DRR and CCA as part of development plans’ compliance

●

Capacity building for planning professionals at all levels and for sectoral  planning cells

Mainstreaming Strategies

26

U pazila L evel

N ational

D istrict L evel

U nion L evel

C om m unity L evel

A dvocacy - A w areness R a ising

P olicy a nd P la nning R eform s

C a pa city B uild ing

R isk R ed uction P lanning

P rocesses (lin ked to C R A outco m es)

U nifo rm C R A G uidelines

C ollaborative P a rtnersh ips

Strategies to promote  mainstreaming DRR

CDMP Outcomes:

1)Development of strong, well-managed and professional institutions in Bangladesh.2)Reduced risk to rural populations through structural and non-structural interventions, empowerment of rural communities and improved awareness. 3)Reduced risk to urban populations through structural and non-structural interventions, improved awareness of natural hazard events.4)Improved overall effectiveness and timeliness of disaster preparedness and response in Bangladesh by strengthening management capacity and coordination.5)Better disaster-proofing of development funding across thirteen ministries. 6)Community-level adaptation to disaster risks from a changing climate is effectively managed.

Sectoral

Impacts

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Option to Mainstreaming DRR and CCA into Development  Programs and Plans

National Level

Local Level

Sectoral

level‐Agriculture‐Health‐Water‐

Forestry‐

Fisheries‐

Infrastructure

• Integrate DRR & CCA in long & medium term Dev. Plans• Revise  the Development Project Proforma

format: 

Incorporating DRR & CCA for compliance

• Integrate DRR & CCA in long & medium term Dev. Plans• Revise  the Development Project Proforma

format: 

Incorporating DRR & CCA for compliance

Assist the plans of Ministry of Disaster Management  & ReliefAssist the plans of Ministry of Disaster Management  & Relief

Enter agreements with 14  sectoral

Ministries/Dept.:

•Influencing sectoral

policies/guidelines•Building policy & implementation capacities•Incorporating  DRR & CCA into sectors•Implementing pilot projects

Enter agreements with 14  sectoral

Ministries/Dept.:

•Influencing sectoral

policies/guidelines•Building policy & implementation capacities•Incorporating  DRR & CCA into sectors•Implementing pilot projects

Establish standardized methods for:•Community Risk Assessment (CRA)•Fast Tracked Risk Assessment (FTRA)•Risk Reduction Action Plan  (RRAP)

Implement large scale interventions through innovative  financing: 

•Local

Disaster

Risk

Reduction

Fund

CDMP Experience in mainstreaming DRR & CCA

National

Sectoral

Local

Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP)

Prepared in 2008

Built on six pillars:Food security, social protection and healthComprehensive disaster management InfrastructureResearch and knowledge managementMitigation and low carbon developmentCapacity building and institutional

Contains ten year Contains ten year programmeprogramme

(a set of 37 (a set of 37 programmeprogramme

) to ) to  build the capacity and resilience of the country to meet the build the capacity and resilience of the country to meet the 

challenge of climate change over the next 20challenge of climate change over the next 20‐‐25 years.25 years.

31

Climate Change: Bangladesh ResponseClimate Change: Bangladesh Response

Adapting to Climate Change

Climate Resilient Infrastructure

More climate resilient crop variety

Adjust cropping variety and pattern

Resilience of climate sensitive livelihoods

Explore and expand non climate sensitive livelihoods

Climate resilient housing/settlement

Dredging to increase capacity of river system / wetlands

Coastal green belt

Adjust land use

Ensure health in the changing climate

Protective measures for Sunderbans, ECA, area of special importance

Continue journey towards a climate resilient Bangladesh32

STRATEGIC GOALS OF THE DM PLAN

Goal 1: Professionalizing the DM SystemGoal 2: Mainstreaming Risk ReductionGoal3: Strengthening Institutional MechanismsGoal 4: Empowering at Risk CommunitiesGoal 5: Expanding Risk Reduction ProgrammingGoal 6: Strengthening Emergency Response

SystemsGoal 7: Developing and Strengthening Networks

3333

Goal 1: Professionalizing the DM systemGoal 1: Professionalizing the DM system

1.

Strengthening the DM Public Policies2.

Adopting a comprehensive DM framework

3.

Formalising

the division of labour4.

Investing in academic development of the 

DM5.

Strengthening the knowledge management

6.

Promoting the community of practice

3434

Goal 2: Mainstreaming Risk Reduction

1.

Making risk reduction part of development  planning

2.

Promoting the integration of risk reduction in  sectoral

plans and programe

3.

Strengthening risk reduction in the local level  delivery of public services

4.

Advancing the applications of risk reduction in  technical practices (engineering, economy, social, etc.)

5.

Integrating risk reduction in the school  curriculum

3535

Goal 3: Strengthening Institutional  Mechanism

1.

Constituting the Ministry of Disaster  Management & Relief (MoDMR) as the 

frontrunner of DM

2.

Formation and functioning of the Disaster  Management Committees (DMCs) at all 

levels

3.

Prescribing the roles and functions of the  stakeholders in the different phases of DM

3636

Goal 4: Empowering Risk CommunitiesGoal 4: Empowering Risk Communities1.

Implementing an extensive safety net programmes

2.

Conduct Community Risk Assessment and Risk  Reduction Action Planning (CRA/RRAP)

3.

Encouraging local level management of the risk  reduction interventions

4.

Instituting the Local Disaster Risk Reduction Fund  (LDRRF) for small to medium scale interventions

5.

Integrating local level DM Plans with the local  development planning

3737

Goal 5: Expanding Risk Reduction Goal 5: Expanding Risk Reduction  Programming Programming 

1.

Including DRR and CCA in the medium term  development programme (6th

Five Year Plan)

2.

Promoting risk reduction component in the sectoral  departments/ministries development programmes

3.

Interfacing with the Climate Change Strategic Action  Planning

4.

Introducing incentives for local level risk reduction  programming

5.

Enlisting the participation of strategic partners in risk  reduction programming

3838

Goal 6: Strengthening Emergency  Response System

1.

Strengthening the Department of Disaster Management  (DRD) of the MoDMR

2.

Promoting the government leadership in the Local  Consultative Group / Disaster Emergency Response  (LCG/DER)

3.

Investing in the improvement of the hazards forecasting,  early warning and dissemination system 

4.

Strengthening the first responders capabilities5.

Cultivating the voluntarism  for cyclone and urban 

settings

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Goal 7: Developing and Strengthening Goal 7: Developing and Strengthening  NetworksNetworks

1.

Actively engaging in the regional cooperation  (SAARC)

2.

Participating in the global Platform on Disaster  Risk Reduction

3.

Contributing to the South‐South Cooperation4.

Building network with technical fields (Space 

technology, Meteorology, Seismic, Search and  Rescue,  regional knowledge management, etc.)

5.

International engagement with and through civil  society and United Nations 

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International Cooperation

UNISDR  : United Nations International Strategy for     Disaster Reduction

SDMC       : SAARC Disaster Management Centre

AMCDRR: Asian Ministerial Conference on Disaster 

Risk    

Reduction

ADPC       : Asian Disaster Prepared Centre

ADRC       : Asian Disaster Reduction Centre

RIMES     : Regional Integrated Multi‐Hazard Early  

Warning System

INSARG   : International Search and Rescue Advisory 

Group

Consolidating DRR and CCA integration  

Mainstreaming Development Framework in all 

sectors

Strengthening Local Govt. capacities

Professionalizing disaster management

Enhancing the DRR linkages to poverty reduction, 

climate change

Urban Disaster Management(Earthquake , Fire)

Budget

Future Outlook

Calling for Mainstreaming of DRR & CCA 

5th

Asian Ministerial Conference on DRR :  

• to link national development planning and financing  with local development agenda.

• Make use of existing regional and sub‐regional  resources for local capacity building.

School of thoughts

• advocacy to and through the development planning  central authorities

• integration across all key sectoral departments

• mixed top‐down and bottom‐up approach

Challenges

Present projection of climate for the preparation of specific  adaptation and DRR strategies; lack of local, downscaled 

data of climatic effects; localization of the impact of the  extreme weather events in the future‐

challenges to address 

the uncertainties in the future climate change over the  region.

Whether  the present status of policy and institutional  mechanism for DRR and CCA in the respective member 

states is adequate and functional for DRR–CCA integration.  What are the main gaps, and suggestion to fill the gaps?

The concept of DRR and CCA is still evolving, and there  remains a big challenge to overcome this challenge;

Challenges

Bangladesh faces a real challenge in managing  and reducing risks, in the face of changing 

dynamics of climate change and in ensuring  effective and quality preparedness and response 

to slow onset, rapid and recurrent disasters. 

DRR and CCA seem to be operated in isolation

Gap in understanding how to bridge DRR &

Way forward

Possibility of designing a new framework for 

“Climate and Disaster Risk Management”

Recognize and respect the distinct differences;  integration meaning harmonization of sectoral  plans and cooperation for synergies

Push for the concept of “resilience”

as relevant  for both disaster impacts and effects of climate  change/variability

Recommendations

The tools and techniques used for DRR such as hazard, risk 

and vulnerability analysis, risk assessment and monitoring,  risk mitigation, early warning systems need to be integrated  with CCA strategies in the important sectors like water, 

agriculture, human health, food security, urban  development, forestry, tourism, etc. 

ESCAP may prepare a comprehensive study of the present  policy, institutional set up, budget allocation for disaster 

risk reduction (DRR) and climate change adaptation (CCA)  in the member states

ESCAP may prepare an  inventory of the DRR and CCA  projects already implemented by the member states and 

identify and  the replication of  best practices 

The diverse policy and the sectoral institutional framework of  DRR and CCA can be effectively integrated for reducing the risks

of disaster s in the region

As in  most of the states, climate change and disaster 

management is looked after by two separate ministries, more  linkage and coordination are necessary with respect to policy  development and exchange of knowledge to avoid overlapping 

to increase efficiency and cost effectiveness

ESCAP secretariat may develop a strong monitoring and 

evaluation criteria to track the activities on DRR and CCA  integration carried out by the member states

ESCAP may establish a common institution that may include  experts from  every member states and develop a road map for 

DRR and CCA integration among the member states.

Recommendations

THANK YOU