Welcome to Presentation onEFFECTIVE STRATEGIES FOR MAINSTREAMING DRR & CCA
INTO SECTORAL DEPARTMENTS/MINISTRIESIN BANGLADESH
Md. Munir ChowdhuryJoint Secretary
Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief
COMMMUNITY BASED RESILIENCE: MAINSTREAMING DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND CLIMATE CHANGE INTO DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
CAPACITY BUILDING AWARENESS RAISING
RAISING PLINTHS
ASSESSMENT
CRA PREPAREDNESS
AGRICULTURAL ADAPTATION
SAFE WATER SUPPLY
3
Bangladesh: Country context and vulnerabilityBangladesh: Country context and vulnerability
Recognized globally as one of the most vulnerable countries to Climate Change
Geographical location & land characteristics,Geographical location & land characteristics,‐‐
Deltaic landscape, 80% floodplainDeltaic landscape, 80% floodplain
Multiplicity of rivers and the monsoon climateMultiplicity of rivers and the monsoon climate‐‐
Over 300 rivers, 57 trans boundary riversOver 300 rivers, 57 trans boundary rivers‐‐
Drains entire western Himalayan runoff to the BayDrains entire western Himalayan runoff to the Bay
Population density very high (1045/sq.km)Population density very high (1045/sq.km)
High level of poverty High level of poverty
Natural resources based (predominantly agrarian) Natural resources based (predominantly agrarian) economyeconomy
DROUGHT ‐
Affecting 8.3 million Ha of
land.
RISK PROFILERISK PROFILE
FLASH FLOOD –Unpredictable, recurring,
uncertain.
FLOOD ‐
Inundates more areas, increases
river erosion, breaches embankments,
damages infrastructures.
CYCLONE ‐
The deadliest and most
destructive hazard. It is recurring, with
lingering aftermath, complex recovery.
First rank climate change vulnerable nations.
Fifth rank
in the world risk index 2012
SALINITY INTRUSION ‐
Spreading from 1.5
to 2.5 Mha (2007).
CLIMATE CHANGE HAZARDS, EARTHQUAKES,
FIRE BREAKOUT, INFRASTRUCTURE COLLAPSE
ETC.
Number of people exposed yearly
46 Million
24 Million
7 Million
Translated into annually 14% GNP exposure to disasters, the highest in the world…
71 Million
20 Million
Flood
CycloneCyclone
Coastal upazilas affected by severe
cyclones
Earthquake Risk Earthquake Risk ZoneZone
RIVER EROSIONRIVER EROSION
DroughtDrought
Tsunami/ Tsunami/ Tidal surge Tidal surge
VulnerabilityVulnerability
●
Flood●
Tropical Cyclone
●
Storm Surge●
Tornado
●
River Bank Erosion
●
Drought●
Earthquake
Year
Disaster
Death1970 Cyclone
300,000
1988
Flood
23731988
Cyclone
5704
1989
Drought 800
1991
Cyclone
138,8681996
Tornado
545
1997
Cyclone 550
1998
Flood
10502004
Flood
747
2007 Flood
10712007 Cyclone SIDR 34062009 Cyclone AILA
190
Major DisastersMajor Hazards
Bangladesh has the highest vulnerability to flooding.
Cyclonic hazard
the second highest possible natural disaster in Bangladesh.
EVOLUTION OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
IN BANGLADESH
1970-1985 Reactive in nature: Response oriented DM system
1985-1999 Flood Action Plan (FAP) 1988Establishment of Disaster Management Bureau in 1993Formulation of SOD,1997 with institutional framework
2000 – 2012 A comprehensive DM system including Risk Reduction and CCARe-structuring institutional frameworkFormulation of plans, act etc.Revision of SOD (2010)Department of Disaster Management (DMB merged with DRR)Newly created Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief
The disaster management vision of the Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh is :
to
reduce
the
risk
of
people,
especially
the
poor
and the
disadvantaged,
from
the
effects
of
natural,
environment
and
human
induced
hazards
to
a manageable
and
acceptable
humanitarian
level
and
to
have
in
place
an
efficient
emergency
response management
system
capable
of
handling
large
scale
disaster.
To
achieve
a
paradigm
shift
in
disaster management
from conventional response and relief practice to a more comprehensive risk reduction culture, and to
promote
food
security
as
an
important
factor
in
ensuring the resilience of communities to hazards
To
strengthen
the
capacity
of
the
Bangladesh Disaster Management system
to reduce unacceptable risk and to improve response and recovery management
at all levels.
DM Model for Bangladesh
1717
The Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief (MoDMR) is overall responsible for coordinating national disaster management efforts across all
agencies.Department of Disaster Management is the
implementing agency .•CDMP – Program of the MoDMR• CPP ‐
Program of the MoDMR
Under the DM Act,2012 a series of inter‐related committees, at both national and sub‐national levels have been created –
The National Disaster Management Council (NDMC) is the highest body chaired by the Prime Minister.
Other important committees at the policy level are●
Inter‐Ministerial Disaster Coordination Committee
(IMDMCC),●
Disaster Management Advisory Committee, and
●
National Disaster Response Coordination Group (NDRCG).
National Committees under Act/SOD
Cyclone Preparedness Program Implementation Board (CPPIB)
Disaster Management Training and Public Awareness Building Task Force (DMTATF)
Focal Point Operation Coordination Group of Disaster Management (FPOCG)
NGO Coordination Committee on Disaster Management (NGOCC)
Committee for Speedy Dissemination of Disaster Related Warning/ Signals (CSDDWS)
Field Level Committees
District Disaster Management Committee (DDMC) headed
by DC to co‐ordinate and review the disaster management activities at the district level
Upazila
Disaster Management Committee (UZDMC)
headed by UNO to co‐ordinate and review the disaster management
activities at the Upazila level
Union Disaster Management Committee (UDMC)
headed by
the Chairman of the Union Parishad to co‐ordinate, review and implement the disaster management activities of the concerned union
Pourashava
Disaster Management Committee (PDMC) headed by the Mayor Pourashava to co‐ordinate, review and implement the disaster management activities within its area of
jurisdiction
City Corporation
Disaster Management Committee
(CCDMC)
headed by the Mayor of City Corporations to co‐ ordinate, review and implement the disaster management
activities within its area of jurisdiction.
Legal instrumentsLegal instruments
The Allocation of Business of MoDMRDisaster Management Act, 2012Standing Orders on Disaster (SOD)(Revised in 2010)
National Plan for Disaster Management 2010‐2015National Disaster Management Policy(Draft)
Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan 2009
Cyclone Shelter Construction, Maintenance and Management Policy 2011
SAARC Agreement on Rapid Response to Natural Disasters
▪
Mainstreaming of the issues into development policies, ▪
Creating and strengthening national integrated disaster and
climate risk reduction mechanisms,▪
Implementing key activities as described in Hyogo Framework
for Action (HFA)▪
Flood Forecasting Warning Centre (FFWC) through Data
management and Interactive Web Site, ▪
Institutes of Water and Flood Management (IWFM),)
▪
Cyclone Preparedness Programme (CPP), ▪
Geological Survey of Bangladesh (GSB),
▪
Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD), and ▪
National Disaster Volunteer.
●
12 major ministries to develop technologies for reducing vulnerabilities and identify disaster proofing technologies in respective sectors.
●
Comprehensive Disaster management Programme (Phase II).●
6th
Five‐Year Development Planning contains DRR and CCA Section – DRF target fixed
●
Vision 2021●
Perspective Plan 2010‐2021
●
ECNEC decision to include DRR considerations in Development Project Proforma
●
Planning Commission: DRR and CCA as part of development plans’ compliance
●
Capacity building for planning professionals at all levels and for sectoral planning cells
Mainstreaming Strategies
26
U pazila L evel
N ational
D istrict L evel
U nion L evel
C om m unity L evel
A dvocacy - A w areness R a ising
P olicy a nd P la nning R eform s
C a pa city B uild ing
R isk R ed uction P lanning
P rocesses (lin ked to C R A outco m es)
U nifo rm C R A G uidelines
C ollaborative P a rtnersh ips
Strategies to promote mainstreaming DRR
CDMP Outcomes:
1)Development of strong, well-managed and professional institutions in Bangladesh.2)Reduced risk to rural populations through structural and non-structural interventions, empowerment of rural communities and improved awareness. 3)Reduced risk to urban populations through structural and non-structural interventions, improved awareness of natural hazard events.4)Improved overall effectiveness and timeliness of disaster preparedness and response in Bangladesh by strengthening management capacity and coordination.5)Better disaster-proofing of development funding across thirteen ministries. 6)Community-level adaptation to disaster risks from a changing climate is effectively managed.
Sectoral
Impacts
28
Option to Mainstreaming DRR and CCA into Development Programs and Plans
National Level
Local Level
Sectoral
level‐Agriculture‐Health‐Water‐
Forestry‐
Fisheries‐
Infrastructure
• Integrate DRR & CCA in long & medium term Dev. Plans• Revise the Development Project Proforma
format:
Incorporating DRR & CCA for compliance
• Integrate DRR & CCA in long & medium term Dev. Plans• Revise the Development Project Proforma
format:
Incorporating DRR & CCA for compliance
Assist the plans of Ministry of Disaster Management & ReliefAssist the plans of Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief
Enter agreements with 14 sectoral
Ministries/Dept.:
•Influencing sectoral
policies/guidelines•Building policy & implementation capacities•Incorporating DRR & CCA into sectors•Implementing pilot projects
Enter agreements with 14 sectoral
Ministries/Dept.:
•Influencing sectoral
policies/guidelines•Building policy & implementation capacities•Incorporating DRR & CCA into sectors•Implementing pilot projects
Establish standardized methods for:•Community Risk Assessment (CRA)•Fast Tracked Risk Assessment (FTRA)•Risk Reduction Action Plan (RRAP)
Implement large scale interventions through innovative financing:
•Local
Disaster
Risk
Reduction
Fund
CDMP Experience in mainstreaming DRR & CCA
National
Sectoral
Local
Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP)
Prepared in 2008
Built on six pillars:Food security, social protection and healthComprehensive disaster management InfrastructureResearch and knowledge managementMitigation and low carbon developmentCapacity building and institutional
Contains ten year Contains ten year programmeprogramme
(a set of 37 (a set of 37 programmeprogramme
) to ) to build the capacity and resilience of the country to meet the build the capacity and resilience of the country to meet the
challenge of climate change over the next 20challenge of climate change over the next 20‐‐25 years.25 years.
31
Climate Change: Bangladesh ResponseClimate Change: Bangladesh Response
Adapting to Climate Change
Climate Resilient Infrastructure
More climate resilient crop variety
Adjust cropping variety and pattern
Resilience of climate sensitive livelihoods
Explore and expand non climate sensitive livelihoods
Climate resilient housing/settlement
Dredging to increase capacity of river system / wetlands
Coastal green belt
Adjust land use
Ensure health in the changing climate
Protective measures for Sunderbans, ECA, area of special importance
Continue journey towards a climate resilient Bangladesh32
STRATEGIC GOALS OF THE DM PLAN
Goal 1: Professionalizing the DM SystemGoal 2: Mainstreaming Risk ReductionGoal3: Strengthening Institutional MechanismsGoal 4: Empowering at Risk CommunitiesGoal 5: Expanding Risk Reduction ProgrammingGoal 6: Strengthening Emergency Response
SystemsGoal 7: Developing and Strengthening Networks
3333
Goal 1: Professionalizing the DM systemGoal 1: Professionalizing the DM system
1.
Strengthening the DM Public Policies2.
Adopting a comprehensive DM framework
3.
Formalising
the division of labour4.
Investing in academic development of the
DM5.
Strengthening the knowledge management
6.
Promoting the community of practice
3434
Goal 2: Mainstreaming Risk Reduction
1.
Making risk reduction part of development planning
2.
Promoting the integration of risk reduction in sectoral
plans and programe
3.
Strengthening risk reduction in the local level delivery of public services
4.
Advancing the applications of risk reduction in technical practices (engineering, economy, social, etc.)
5.
Integrating risk reduction in the school curriculum
3535
Goal 3: Strengthening Institutional Mechanism
1.
Constituting the Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief (MoDMR) as the
frontrunner of DM
2.
Formation and functioning of the Disaster Management Committees (DMCs) at all
levels
3.
Prescribing the roles and functions of the stakeholders in the different phases of DM
3636
Goal 4: Empowering Risk CommunitiesGoal 4: Empowering Risk Communities1.
Implementing an extensive safety net programmes
2.
Conduct Community Risk Assessment and Risk Reduction Action Planning (CRA/RRAP)
3.
Encouraging local level management of the risk reduction interventions
4.
Instituting the Local Disaster Risk Reduction Fund (LDRRF) for small to medium scale interventions
5.
Integrating local level DM Plans with the local development planning
3737
Goal 5: Expanding Risk Reduction Goal 5: Expanding Risk Reduction Programming Programming
1.
Including DRR and CCA in the medium term development programme (6th
Five Year Plan)
2.
Promoting risk reduction component in the sectoral departments/ministries development programmes
3.
Interfacing with the Climate Change Strategic Action Planning
4.
Introducing incentives for local level risk reduction programming
5.
Enlisting the participation of strategic partners in risk reduction programming
3838
Goal 6: Strengthening Emergency Response System
1.
Strengthening the Department of Disaster Management (DRD) of the MoDMR
2.
Promoting the government leadership in the Local Consultative Group / Disaster Emergency Response (LCG/DER)
3.
Investing in the improvement of the hazards forecasting, early warning and dissemination system
4.
Strengthening the first responders capabilities5.
Cultivating the voluntarism for cyclone and urban
settings
3939
Goal 7: Developing and Strengthening Goal 7: Developing and Strengthening NetworksNetworks
1.
Actively engaging in the regional cooperation (SAARC)
2.
Participating in the global Platform on Disaster Risk Reduction
3.
Contributing to the South‐South Cooperation4.
Building network with technical fields (Space
technology, Meteorology, Seismic, Search and Rescue, regional knowledge management, etc.)
5.
International engagement with and through civil society and United Nations
4040
International Cooperation
UNISDR : United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction
SDMC : SAARC Disaster Management Centre
AMCDRR: Asian Ministerial Conference on Disaster
Risk
Reduction
ADPC : Asian Disaster Prepared Centre
ADRC : Asian Disaster Reduction Centre
RIMES : Regional Integrated Multi‐Hazard Early
Warning System
INSARG : International Search and Rescue Advisory
Group
Consolidating DRR and CCA integration
Mainstreaming Development Framework in all
sectors
Strengthening Local Govt. capacities
Professionalizing disaster management
Enhancing the DRR linkages to poverty reduction,
climate change
Urban Disaster Management(Earthquake , Fire)
Budget
Future Outlook
Calling for Mainstreaming of DRR & CCA
5th
Asian Ministerial Conference on DRR :
• to link national development planning and financing with local development agenda.
• Make use of existing regional and sub‐regional resources for local capacity building.
School of thoughts
• advocacy to and through the development planning central authorities
• integration across all key sectoral departments
• mixed top‐down and bottom‐up approach
Challenges
Present projection of climate for the preparation of specific adaptation and DRR strategies; lack of local, downscaled
data of climatic effects; localization of the impact of the extreme weather events in the future‐
challenges to address
the uncertainties in the future climate change over the region.
Whether the present status of policy and institutional mechanism for DRR and CCA in the respective member
states is adequate and functional for DRR–CCA integration. What are the main gaps, and suggestion to fill the gaps?
The concept of DRR and CCA is still evolving, and there remains a big challenge to overcome this challenge;
Challenges
Bangladesh faces a real challenge in managing and reducing risks, in the face of changing
dynamics of climate change and in ensuring effective and quality preparedness and response
to slow onset, rapid and recurrent disasters.
DRR and CCA seem to be operated in isolation
Gap in understanding how to bridge DRR &
Way forward
Possibility of designing a new framework for
“Climate and Disaster Risk Management”
Recognize and respect the distinct differences; integration meaning harmonization of sectoral plans and cooperation for synergies
Push for the concept of “resilience”
as relevant for both disaster impacts and effects of climate change/variability
Recommendations
The tools and techniques used for DRR such as hazard, risk
and vulnerability analysis, risk assessment and monitoring, risk mitigation, early warning systems need to be integrated with CCA strategies in the important sectors like water,
agriculture, human health, food security, urban development, forestry, tourism, etc.
ESCAP may prepare a comprehensive study of the present policy, institutional set up, budget allocation for disaster
risk reduction (DRR) and climate change adaptation (CCA) in the member states
ESCAP may prepare an inventory of the DRR and CCA projects already implemented by the member states and
identify and the replication of best practices
The diverse policy and the sectoral institutional framework of DRR and CCA can be effectively integrated for reducing the risks
of disaster s in the region
As in most of the states, climate change and disaster
management is looked after by two separate ministries, more linkage and coordination are necessary with respect to policy development and exchange of knowledge to avoid overlapping
to increase efficiency and cost effectiveness
ESCAP secretariat may develop a strong monitoring and
evaluation criteria to track the activities on DRR and CCA integration carried out by the member states
ESCAP may establish a common institution that may include experts from every member states and develop a road map for
DRR and CCA integration among the member states.
Recommendations
THANK YOU
Top Related