DIAGN MIDTERM

1. Which of the following was the major effect of the Neolithic Revolution?(A) The establishment of sedentary village communities(B) The spread of a migratory way of life(C) A decline in total population(D) An increase in the use of bronze tools

2. Which of the following occurred as a result of the development of agriculture in societies that previously relied on hunting and gathering?(A) Conditions for women improved.(B) The incidence of disease declined.(C) Population density increased.(D) Degradation of the environment lessened.

3. Which of the following was an important reason for the fall of the Roman, Han, and Gupta empires?(A) A long period of drought that destroyed crops and livestock(B) The use of slaves in their armies(C) Intensified invasions and security issues along their frontiers(D) A refusal to tolerate Christianity

4. Before 500 C.E. Judaism and Hinduism were similar in that both(A) had written scriptures and an ethical code to live by(B) spread widely around the Mediterranean(C) promoted teachings about reincarnation(D) advocated a monastic life and a rejection of the world

5. Inca and Aztec societies were similar in that both(A) developed from Mayan civilization(B) acquired empires by means of military conquest(C) independently developed iron technology(D) depended entirely on oral record keeping

6. The photograph above of a mosque (first erected in the fourteenth century) in the modern-day West African country of Mali best exemplifies which of the following historical processes?(A) Imposition of religion through military conquest(B) Spread of religion along trade routes(C) Abandonment of indigenous cultural styles in the face of colonization(D) Conflict between local and universalizing religions

7. Which of the following factors represents the most significant cause of the growth of cities in Afro-Eurasia in the period 1000–1450?(A) Climate change(B) Increased interregional trade(C) Decreased agricultural productivity(D) Increased invasions

“The Crusader states were able to cling to survival only through frequent delivery of supplies and manpower from Europe. [They] were defended primarily by three semi-monastic military orders: the Templars, the Hospitallers, and the Teutonic Knights. Combining monasticism and militarism, these orders served to protect pilgrims and to wage perpetual war against the Muslims.”Palmira Brummett, world historian, 2007

Whenever I visited Jerusalem, I always entered the al-Aqsa Mosque, beside which stood a small mosque which the Franks had converted into a church.… [T]he Templars, … who were my friends, would evacuate the little adjoining mosque so that I could pray in it.Usamah ibn Munqidh, Muslim historian, Jerusalem, circa 1138

8. The second passage does not support the first passage because the second passage(A) shows that an influx of manpower from Europe was not critical for the survival of the Crusader states(B) shows that Muslims vastly outnumbered Europeans in theCrusader states(C) minimizes the importance of Hospitallers and Teutonic Knights in the administration of the Crusader states(D) presents an incident in which a military order supported a Muslim traveler

9. Which of the following changes best justifies the claim that the late-1400s mark the beginning of a new period in world history?(A) The rise of the Aztec and Inca empires(B) The economic recovery in Afro-Eurasia after the BlackDeath (C) The incorporation of the Americas into a broader global network of exchange(D) The emergence of new religious movements in various parts of the world

10. From the founding of each religion, Christians and Muslims shared a belief in(A) the principle of separation of church and state(B) the legal equality of men and women(C) equality of opportunity(D) a single omnipotent deity

11. The map above shows what significant economic developments?(A) Trade connections that linked the Hellenistic and Maurya empires to African cities from 300 through 150 B.C.E.(B) Trading networks that promoted the growth of new cities from 600 C.E. through 1450 C.E.(C) Chinese dominance of Indian Ocean trading networks because of the voyages of Zheng He in the 1400s C.E.(D) Changes in Indian Ocean trading networks that resulted from technological innovations from 1450 C.E. through 1750 C.E.

12. Which of the following contributed significantly to the fall of both the western Roman and the Han empires?(A) The destruction of overland trade routes(B) Irregularities in the flow of the silver trade(C) New military technologies(D) Invasions by borderland peoples

13. The sixth-century C.E. Buddhist statue complexshown above, found in China, is an example of(A) religious conflict(B) reverence for ancestors(C) the wealth and power of the emperor(D) cross-cultural interaction

14. “If a [noble] man puts out the eye of another[noble] man, his eye shall be put out.If he breaks another [noble] man’s bone, hisbone shall be broken.If he puts out the eye of a [commoner] or breaksthe bone of a [commoner], he shall pay one[silver] mina.If he puts out the eye of a man’s slave or breaksthe bone of a man’s slave, he shall pay one-halfof its value.”

The excerpt above from the Code of Hammurabiillustrates which of the following aboutBabylonian society?

(A) It made provision for the economic wellbeingof all classes.(B) It moved away from reliance on corporalpunishment.(C) It was marked by social inequalities.(D) The king was regarded as blessed by divineforces.

15. The graph above shows the effect of which of the following?(A) The fall of the Roman Empire on population growth(B) The Agricultural Revolution on food supplies(C) Plague on the populations of Asia and Europe(D) The fall of the Byzantine Empire on population growth

16. Most early civilizations before 600 B.C.E. shared which of the following characteristics?(A) Animal herds and portable houses(B) Large standing armies and elected governments(C) Urban centers, growing populations, and writing systems(D) Caravan trade, underground cities, and large ships

17. Between 200 B.C.E. and 200 C.E., the Silk Roads facilitated commodity trade between which of the following pairs of empires?(A) The Roman and Incan(B) The Han and Spanish(C) The Roman and Han(D) The Mali and Byzantine

18. The development and spread of Christianity and Buddhism before 600 C.E. had all of the following in common EXCEPT(A) both were outgrowths of other religions(B) both were aided in their spread by existing trade networks(C) the founders of both presented themselves as divine(D) both developed monastic orders open to women

19. Which of the following describes a major effect of the Bantu migrations?(A) The spread of Islam across sub-Saharan Africa(B) The diffusion of iron metallurgy in sub- Saharan Africa(C) The introduction of banana cultivation in East Africa(D) The success of hunter-foraging in sub- Saharan Africa

20. Before 600 C.E., large centralized empires, such as the Han, Persian, and Roman empires, extended their military power by(A) giving more political power to the common people in conquered territories, thus eliminating the need for large armies of occupation(B) developing supply lines and building infrastructure, including defensive walls and roads(C) creating open societies inclusive of different religious and cultural practices, thus decreasing the chance of revolts(D) recruiting their armies entirely from inhabitants of their core territories and excluding members of newly conquered lands

21. Which of the following is a major difference between the social structures of China and India between 600 B.C.E. and 600 C.E.?(A) Confucianism emphasized spiritual advancement for people who faithfully performed their social duties.(B) Merchants had the highest social status in India.(C) Slaves did most of the agricultural work on large Indian estates.(D) Confucian social hierarchy privileged government officials.

22. “I am a griot … we are vessels of speech; we are the repositories which harbor secrets many centuries old. Without us the names of kings would vanish into oblivion. We are the memory of mankind; by the spoken word we bring to life the deeds and exploits of kings for younger generations. … I teach kings the history of their ancestors so that the lives of the ancients might serve them as an example, for the world is old, but the future springs from the past.”

An African griot (storyteller), circa 1950, introducing the oral epic of King Sundiata of Mali, composed circa 1400 C.E.

The introduction by the griot is intended to serve which of the following purposes?(A) To establish the griot’s authority by connecting him to the past(B) To exalt the Malian kings above previous dynasties(C) To highlight the griot’s unique abilities as compared to other griots(D) To portray Mali as a progressive society that is improving on the past

23. The map above indicates that(A) Mali was a major source and hub of the gold trade(B) Europeans had begun to make inroads in West Africa(C) Mali remained isolated from Europe and the Middle East(D) Atlantic ports were crucial for the transportation of salt and gold

24. Some historians have argued that significant social inequalities emerged only after the adoption of agriculture made it possible for some individuals to accumulate great amounts of surplus wealth. Which of the following most directly undermines that assertion?

(A) In the few hunting-gathering societies that remain today, men and women often share in decision making concerning the entire group.(B) Rulers of ancient river valley civilizations, such as Egyptian pharaohs orMesopotamian kings, often claimed descent from (or affinity with) the gods.(C) Archaeological evidence from many later Neolithic settlements in the Fertile Crescent has revealed increasing

25. Before 600 C.E., all of the following were part of the Confucian social order EXCEPT(A) loyalty to the ruler(B) filial obedience to one’s father(C) respect for the old(D) marital fidelity by husbands

26. “For the sake of the preservation of this entire creation, Purusha, the exceedingly resplendent one, assigned separate duties to the classes whichhad sprung from his mouth, arms, thighs, and feet.”Code of Manu, circa 300 B.C.E.

The passage above most reflects which of the following cultural traditions?(A) The concept of caste in the Vedic religions(B) The Daoist emphasis on the balance between humans and nature(C) Buddha’s teaching about the search for enlightenment(D) Confucius’ teaching on social harmony

27. The Aryan conquerors brought to India (A) Its first civilization.Distinctive religious ideas.Long-lasting peace and stability.(D) Admiration for India’s earlier inhabitants.New agricultural techniques.

28. Hinduism urged that(A) Withdrawal from the world was the only path to holiness.(B) Brahmins would automatically gain nirvana after death.(C) All living creatures participated in the divine essence.(D) Accumulation of wealth demonstrated holiness.(E) Worship of nature’s spirits and images was blasphemous.

29. During the Old Stone Age,(A) Only Egypt had an advanced agricultural economy(B) A rough equality between the sexes may have been the norm.(C) Hunting and gathering was the way most people supported themselves.(D) Humans lived only in the southernmost parts of Africa.(E) Both B and C.

30. The earliest hominids(A) Had brains similar similar in size and function to those of Mastadons.(B) Lived, according to the most recent research, in southern New Zealand.(C) Originated in what is today central Java.(D) Lived in Africa from three to four million years ago.(E) First lived in the Neander Valley of Australlia

31. Mesopotamian civilization(A) Developed during the Paleolithic Era.(B) Was conquered by a series of invading peoples.(C) Was located between the Nile and Niger rivers.(D) Was the only early civilization with no cities.(E) Was the birthplace of democracy.

32. The Epic of Gilgamesh was (A) The formal title of the Osiris myth.(B) An epic poem dealing with the search for immortality.(C) A creation myth developed by early Phoenician thinkers.(D) The first Egyptian literary masterpiece.(E) Both A and D.

33. What do Zoroastrianism and Judaism have in common?(A) The concept of polytheism(B) Emphasis on good and evil(C) A final judgment preparatory to an eternal afterlife(D) Individual judgment of souls after death by Osiris(E) None of the above

34. The caste system(A) Was applicable to every member of Indian society.(B) Was a central element of Buddhist belief, and Siddhartha urged his followers to follow its requirements.(C) Was actually more flexible than the Egyptian social structure.(D) Originated in Macedonia.(E) Was unsuccessfully opposed by Aryan warriors’ wives

DIAGN SIS

35. According to Islamic belief(A) Muhammad created the concept of Allah(B) Allah sent his final message through Muhammad because the ones he sent through previous prophets had been unsuccessful.(C) The teachings of Jesus and Moses are incorrect and immoral(D) Allah ordained that Muhammad was a subordinate God.(E) All of the above

36. Islam in Africa(A) Made progress only in Ethiopia until 1300(B) Was greatly aided by the fact that northern and eastern Africa were already Arabic speaking areas.(C) Was overwhelmingly rejected by the pro-Byzantine population of Egyptian Christians(D) None of the above(E) A, b, and C

37. Signs of Roman decline were manifested by(A) A series of civil wars and barbarian invasions(B) Agricultural and economic deterioration(C) The years of ongoing military chaos between 235 and 284 CE(D) All of the above

38. The Roman Empire fell(A) Because Christianity totally overwhelmed it(B) Solely as a result of the barbarian invasions(C) Much sooner in the west than it did in the east(D) Both b and c

39. Nomadic invaders often had military advantages over the armies of empires because(A) They had larger forces with more soldiers(B) They developed better supply lines(C) They believed they were fighting inferior cultures(D) They were more skilled as horsemen

40. Which of the following statements concerning the Tatar invasion of Russia is most accurate?(A) Tatar control of Russia lasted for four decades.(B) The Tatars used Russia as a springboard for their successful invasion of Western Europe.(C) Tatar supervision did not destroy Russian Christianity or a native Russian aristocracy.(D) The Tatars rapidly devised a closely supervised local administration for the Russian cities.(E) Russia became a Mongol possession permanently.

The preceding 40 questions fall into one of FOUR categories. Now that you know the correct answers, mark your incorrect answers here.

RELIGION4. __ 10. __ 18. __ 25. __ 26.__ 28.__ 33.__ 34.__ 35__ 36__

FOUNDATIONS1.__ 2.__ 14.__ 16.__ 24.__ 27.__ 29.__ 30.__ 31.___ 32.__

CLASSICAL3.__ 12.__ 13.__ 17.__ 20.__ 21.__ 37.__ 38.__ 39.__

POSTCLASSICAL5.__ 6.__ 7.__ 8.__ 9.__ 11.__ 15.__ 22.__ 23.__ 40.__

These questions are taken directly from the . Your midterm will cover the first three periods: Foundations, Classical, Postclassical.

THE PERIOD I NEED TO REVISIT THE MOST IS (PICK ONE):

FOUNDATIONSCLASSICALPOSTCLASSICAL