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Golden Age of Maurya IndiaBusiness Business EnvironmentEnvironmentThe The Maurayan Maurayan EmpireEmpire

The Mauryan empire in Indian history was reigned by the rulers from the Mauryan dynasty.

According to the ancient history of India, the Mauryan empire happened to be quite strong and powerful in all respect including the political aspects and military aspects.

The Mauryan empire had a duration of one hundred and thirty seven years from 322 BCE to 185 BCE.

Introduction To Mauryan Introduction To Mauryan EmpireEmpire

Introduction to Mauryan Introduction to Mauryan EmpireEmpire•Origins: Belonged to a Mauriya Tribe And Vaishya Caste

•A time of great wealth but also a time of great violence.

• India would become united under one ruler during this empire's reign.

• The Mauryan empire in Indian history originated from the Magadha Kingdom that is located on the Indo- Gangetic plains.

• These are now form the major part of the states of West Bengal and Bihar. The capital city was Patyliputra which is now near to where Patna is located.

• Chandragupta Maurya, Bindusara and Ashoka the Great were the remarkable rulers from the Maurya dynasty.

•Around 323 B.C., a great empire emerged in northern India. •First King of the empire was Chandragupta, founder of Mauryan Empire. •He believed in absolute power over the people he conquered •Under his reign India prospered and enjoyed great success.•He conquered using a huge army and monies from trade with places such as Greece, Rome, and China.

Chandragupta’s RuleChandragupta’s Rule

The Science of Material The Science of Material GainGain

Chandragupta believed “The Science of Material Gain” gave him the right to rule over people with complete control.

He was Chandragupta’s advisor.He was Chandragupta’s advisor.

He was of Brahmin caste.He was of Brahmin caste.

He was given the post of Mahamantri.He was given the post of Mahamantri.

He Wrote The Treatise on Material Gain or theHe Wrote The Treatise on Material Gain or the Arthashastra, a pioneering text in the field of economics, a pioneering text in the field of economics

Kautilya was a shrewd politician and an excellent strategist. His policy of using spies to destroy enemies proved useful in successful running of the kingdom.

Apart from politics and religion, he had an interest in economics. He wrote 'Nitisashtra' to teach the ideal way of life.

KautilyaKautilya

King BindusaraKing BindusaraBindusara, was the successor of Chandragupta Maurya,

He expanded the area of the state that he inherited from Chandragupta Maurya who reigned for a fairly long period of 24 years.

The main targets of Bindusara were the regions in the southern parts of India.

Because of the scarcity of information's about Bindusara from the ancient Indian history, little is known about this ruler from the Maurya dynasty. Bindusara's mother was Durdhara.

According to the information's in Puranas the duration of the reign of Bindusara was for a period of 25 years, almost same as his father.

Emperor AshokaEmperor AshokaAshoka was one of the sons of the earlier Mauryan king,

Bindusara.

During the early years of his rule he was involved in the policy of expansion and increased the size of the Mauryan empire.

Ashoka would however gone through a major transformation in his life, one that would completely change his outlook and policies. It took place at the battle of Kalinga, a bloody war in which thousands of soldiers were killed.

Battle of KalingaBattle of Kalinga Ashoka soon developed an interest in the teaching of Buddhism, but initially did not express much enthusiasm for joining the faith. This finally did happen, when he visited Bodh Gaya (the place where Buddha reached enlightenment) and interacted with the monks over there. The experience finally made up his mind and Ashoka took up the religion with tremendous zeal. He soon began the process of travelling across the country spreading the ideas of Dharma and asking people to live their life with strong moral values.

Emperor AshokaEmperor Ashoka Ashoka was one of the most

outstanding personalities in the history of India. A person who had great organizational skills and truly excelled in whatever he did, be it the expansion and governance of his empire or his incredible work in spreading Buddhist teachings. He spent a fantastic amount of energy propagating his new ideas and beliefs throughout the empire. As a person, as a ruler and as a preacher Ashoka has had few equals in Indian history. He is said to have died sometime around 233 BC.

•Asoka and his laws are remembered in the modern Indian flag. •The wheel of law, or Dharma Chakra, is on many of Asoka's pillars and has been the focal point of India's flag since 1947.

Art And ArchitectureArt And Architecture

• Some of the finest examples of Ashokan art, are the famous Ashokan pillars that he erected across the country. These columns were works of art, architecture and engineering. The pillar was made out of a single stone which was cut, shaped and polished.

•Mauryan architecture is also reputed to have been fabulous. The capital of Patlipatura had been described by many travelers as one of the most amazing cities of the ancient world. Unfortunately since the building material was essentially wood, not much of this has survived.

• Ashoka also constructed several stupas across the country, with the most famous being the sanchi stupa.

•An another example of Mauryan period is the great stupa at Sanchi. It is perhaps the finest surviving relic of the Mauryan Empire. This great stupa is constructed as 54 feet in height and it is surrounded by exquisitely carved stone railings. But it is famous and notable due to the four gateways. •Before this there was no such tradition of carving gateways. So, construction of gateways can be said as the unique architectural technique used by Mauryans. •These gateways are elaborately carved and depicts various scenes from the life of Buddha and also about the lifestyle of people in that era. •But among these, the most famous Lion-Capital (pillar of showing four-lions) in sandstone realistically represents the artistic achievements of Indian artists and patronage of their masters.

Art And ArchitectureArt And Architecture

Famous Ashokan PillarsFamous Ashokan Pillars

The Lion-Capital erected by Ashoka at Sarnath in Madhya Pradesh has become the National Emblem of republic India.

All the coins and currency notes of modern India have a four-lion symbol on it, is the same symbol.

Pillar At Vaishali

Pillar At Delhi

Pillar At Allahabad

Economy During Mauryan Economy During Mauryan EmpireEmpire•The Indian economy was by this time a settled agrarian economy. •Animal rearing continued to be an important occupation. Industry and business also flourished .•With agriculture being the backbone of the economy it was quickly realized that land revenue was going to be a major source of income from the government. •Industries and enterprises were also taxed, using a vast mix of techniques, all of which were derived from the original land revenue tax system. •This entire system was the brainchild of Kautalya,

Economy During Mauryan Economy During Mauryan EmpireEmpire

• The existence of a stable centralized government, and the unity of the sub-continent that it created resulted in the rapid development of industry.• The Mauryan economy was fairly developed for its time. For

instance all manufactured goods came stamped with a date, which would then be used by consumers to determine the age of the product. • Prices were monitored to ensure that a merchant was not

making too great a profit.• The Mauryan kings used to import wines, figs, clothes and

beautiful vessels made out of silver. • The Mauryan exports were chiefly items of luxury like fine

muslin cloth.

Mauryan Empire-Mauryan Empire-AdministrationAdministration

• The Mauryan Empire had smooth administration and efficient rulers. The gvt. was centralized with lot of staff to make sure that work was carried on smoothly.• Taxes were collected regularly, trade and commerce was

carried on smoothly, citizens were taken care of & the army was always ready for any sort of external aggression or threat.• Every province had its own officials who managed

administration at the grassroot levels. The main economic activity of the people was agriculture.• The capital city of Pataliputra was beautifully decorated and

had all facilities that any modern city would have.

Society During Mauryan EmpireSociety During Mauryan Empire•  Mauryan society was divided into seven categories namely the

philosophers, farmers, soldiers, herdsman, artisans, magistrates and councilors. • These divisions were referred as castes because the members of a

particular division were not allowed to marry outside their group and were also not allowed to change their professions. • The seven divisions of the society were not identical with each other

and differed in terms of rules and regulations. • The caste system was strongly prevalent in the Mauryan society.

The twice-born that is the Brahmans and the kshatriyas enjoyed a special privilege in the society because of their status of being twice born. • The Vaisyas though theoretically were twice born but they were not

able to enjoy a privileged position similar to the Brahmans and the kshatriyas.

Collapse Of Mauryan EmpireCollapse Of Mauryan Empire

• After Ashoka's death the Mauryan empire began to decline.• Unfortunately the later Mauryan rulers did not leave behind

much recorded material for us to draw a clear picture of exactly what happened.• The disintegration of the Mauryan empire was perhaps inevitable,

Ashoka's complete move away from violence was perhaps what weakened the empire. After the famous Kalinga war which changed Ashoka completely,•Once an empire of its size was without a strong ruler or an army,

the disintegration that took place could only be expected.• India once again disintegrated into a series of smaller kingdoms

and it was not until 320 AD, almost five hundred years later when the Gupta dynasty founded India's next major empire.

Impact Of Mauryan EmpireImpact Of Mauryan Empire•During the Mauryan Empire culture flourished.

•Cities grew as commerce boomed. (The Mauryan Empire traded with Rome and China.)

•Unfortunately, after Ashoka's death in about 232 B.C.E., the Mauryan Empire crumbled.

•A battle for succession ensured, with no clear winner, and in 183 B.C.E. the last Mauryan ruler was defeated.

•However, the legacy of the Mauryan Empire lives on in the Indian people today.

 

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