Hero-stuner a r e found a w s t i n every p a r t of

Indir. 'we brvo a l ready made r rporrdlo rurvey of hers-@toner

found i n Indlr . hiero-stenor a r e found f a i r l y In eood number

l n i o ~ t b Ind ia rxgecrlr l ly i n Yrrnrtaka, Padbra Trrdarb urb

frroiln'i$u and to some e x t e n t I n I e r r l a 0180, kt u r now

see tho d l r t r i b u t i o n of hero-stones found i n ~ o u t b Ind ia

i n rog ioor lv i r r .

4 s . i u m u t

tiunatdtr i s r land of c o n r i d e r r b l o ent lqol ty .

I t hrr y1 e l Q d many l a t u o r t i n 4 r ro hreologioal and h i l t o r i a r l

d r t b The exorvatfonrs a t q r a h r ~ i r l end i h . o d r o v a l l i tlr tho

- h l t a l d n r g d l r t r l c t , throw f r e r h l i g h t .nd t l # r onable8

s c h o l r r e to aimmu t h b t p o r t of Armataka posrod through

fwt s t r ~ e r of pre-hie tor lo o u l t l r e r - tb. lower Pale011 thie,

tb. miutol i thlo, t h r n e o l i t h l c rnb t he h lgbly developed iron

age a l v i l l t r t ! e r r whiah rouenly c o n a w t r 1 t w i t h t b e + f a u t l r n

and tha r k v a b b n r ajmehr of t h e l a t e r p ~ r l o d r . 1

familiar of trba kuara ruaao8rlvoly for ova? m e thourand

year8 from a. 5 th to tho l 6 t b oantury A. il. coatria r rlah

arrvort of poll t i o a l , moaoalc, r e l l ~ i a u r md cultural

rcrarlar, iiowovar arr mala o b j d t 18 rbwt hero-8tOner that

rro Iouod s ~ r t t a r d t h rwqbu t the lrngtb md brer6h or

In r u l y tiae8, tnel t oourrge rad p a t r i o t l a ue

ref lwtod in the numerous oxampler of orttlo-rrldr in v b l ~ h

wa very oftur sea v l l l r g u r glvinj up their l lver i n bedmar

oi" their e r t t l e , .%st of their f8a l l l e r voro provldd w i t h

grant6 df rent f ree land, Thoro qrratr wore orllob r r b%&-

grlou, krlnq, rlvuro an4 ko9rgo. 8

I t i r no t poarlblo hrra to cover tho entire born-

atone8 r r d l r b l o in the r t r t c OPr main 80urees about hem-

itonor oomr from rlirlous report8 l ike Kyrore Arabreolo~loI],

-feportr, !.pi prrpblr 3unr t l o r and nnmrl ::rportr on Rpl gtrpbr

OM. ; b s t of the hero-stone8 fouob i h t h o tollowin# d i r t r l o t r

Chitredm~, W d y r urd ! I r r r m d l m t r l e t r OW. ."swrrar,

a lr;r$e rambar of hero-stoner hrvo been blsaoverod i n

~ b r r w u d i a t r i u t .

Aadhrr prrberb, rp re rd lug on t h e .art o o r r t

of -outb-India, f roa r ?.u m i ler north of n d r r m md

aovorlny the o a r t e r n b r l f of tho tocam Pl r to ru , i r ve ry

r iob i n tbo rmdnr of r r l y Mm fro8 t h e P r l o o l I t h ¶ o

t l a t r onvrrbr. Curlag tho n001i th ic m d the mooo.bln6

~ o g r l l t h l c t l a e r aloa, m a n f l o u r 3 shed i n t h l a rogloa.

'*e do not know anything about tho a n c i e n t hi rtory

of the yoople r h o ocsupiod ~ d h r r grabash. L ike its n e i ~ b -

bouring r t r t e SrrnotJIa i n Mdhra pradebh r l o o mrmerour

hare-rtonor bavo barn reported. :tunerour - 3 or mwri r l oolumnr have dim0vor.d r t '~rgllirjun.Kondr .

rhoy fhrov moro l i g h t on t h o history of maaorfrl p i l l a r s ,

ins lud lay hero- r tonos 80 f rr llir Lou t h In4 i 8 1 o cooeorned.

: 'bat of tbw u e free r t w ~ d i n g l ime r t o a e eolumnr. Tboy

ware r a i s e d to C O P I P I H ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ O the d e a t h of k i n y r mb qucPmr.

9, M. t ' u k a r , mZbbryr-S trabhrr from :: a8rrJandtondrm - pp. 97.97.

&t r i te L?3 rbau t f i r e a w o r i r l p l l l u s t r i a d l n m-?y

of tbo doad mldierr rad thrlr a b l o f r voro ootlarb. There

p i l l a r aolunnr r r o i a r a r l b d . . ~ 0 ~ 8 l p t u rrl rep rescn t r t l an8

a r e .loo sera tbero. a e moh p i l l a r dop lc t , four warrior8

with rvord o r spear md r h l e l d in t h e i r hands. theso

arojrlrl p l l l r r r o r whhrye-rt.abbn8 r r o r m g h l y bibng to

t h o e a r l y a e n t u r l e r ~f the Z h r l r t i m err. R u a :?dhrr

pr rderh provldo u r , t he ptjrhrpr tho r a r l i e a t h l r t ~ r i o r l

evidmoe f o r the p rao t ioo of a o a e m r r t l n g the d r o o u a l

w r r r i o r r by ctroatiny mmaorirl p i l l a r 8 i n s a u t h India.

5'undredr of be-stone8 have born found i n r r r i o u r d i r t r i o t 8

of r ~ d h r r prrbosh. v.2 J b l t m r , Eijrp~r, 90110re, . > o l l u y

-toot, ;Inurtrpur, mrnoo l , Selgme eta. W e t r l a r g e

number of bero-rtoaor ooae f r o m ,biteor d i r t r i o t , p 8 r t l a u l r r l y

i n Pung.a'ir tW.

me g e o ~ r r p h i c a l i s o l n t i a n of l e r r l r from the

rest of thr o o n t i n r n t o r u r d by the v e r t o r n ghat8 ha?

never d r n i e d bor the i n h r r i tan00 of 8 a-on Ctulturlrl

ho r i t rgo f r o m her nolghbouring reglwtr, kynrd on tbo

h d e h t 8 of tbo weatern Shr t r , forneb a geogrrphiar l urd

o a l t u n r l rppaadrgo of Myron. Hot b i s t o r y boginr 88 r

88rt of T r a i l oouatry urldor tho u re lon t :err m p i r o of

tho Tmil sdgm ale.

?be b i o f o r i a r l r e l i e 8 of he ro l r toae r di8cover.d

f r o m differwit p a r t 8 of Xerrla r evea l that tho a u l t war (r

aoalpopr grwtleo i n mraory of beroor 88 el8rubere In Louth

India. ii0W.r t h e bero-stones of bad not b m llio f a?

i is t& sad b r m g b t out under r rya toaa t lo r n a l y e l s and r

eoaprabr r r~ ive rWdy by reholrr#. tho melabera of tho

, ,eputnaat of , i i r tory , Jollcu t h i v o r r i t y have ~i rcravrrclb

r Iw brro-ctontt8 la wad around ? u l r p @ r l l i end o t h e r 6

p~aoes.4 ttm a l r p a l l i hero-atom bar t h r u por t ion#

tho lower por t ion r o p r r s w t r t h e f i g h t i n g betveea hro

w r r r i o t r v i th bour rrd u m v r . Tho middle one r b v r probrblf

t b r oa r ty ing of tho hero by tbe a e l o r t ¶ a l damsols $0

p a ~ r b l a e . Tbe top por t lon dop lo t s t h e r o r t d born i n tho

r e of 1 Tho f i@:~re of tbe b u l l md 8 b ~ ~ t e ~

r r o 4e~icrt.d in t h l r portloar, A fw other hero-atone@ a m

found a t S h e e y r s b r f o r e r t . ~ a a e brm-atone8 rcboorrtd

from tbo ~ t t rppEb1 v r l l a y uruth of @mad a r e d i r p l ~ y d la 6

t he Gov.rooat r~reh.oologIaa1 Muamam a t "lrtur.

4. Inr0?88ti(~1 i v m br Jr. FG ;. c. ~ W I ~ U I I I O ) P?Of.rll~t, war tarot o f tiis to ry , Callou t Ilnirerri ty, 3r l iaut .

1 ~ ~ 0 8 tho f a r a ~ o l n g r ~ r v a y I t nay be at lggartd tha t tbo

praet loe of a t m t i n g bore-ctooer mlaht ham bean oolourad

by the roa1.1 rad jml l t18r l r f tua t lon of farala. Polk

'Payy.rr9 o r foUr @a a f t e r the m m r y of t b e ham@$

lit. Latlvwmr Veer, Payyaapalll eJhurdu etq. bar* beam

laand a u t i n Xrlnbmr, B e folk hero Xatlv.nur v o w or / .eurdappea lest hlm l i f e uh i l a he fo'atht rgalnmt the a a t t l e

bhlafs, In n o r t h Kerala the hero wl t ha. not only

produoad the Yul lwal ball .br, but a l m *-* i n vhiab

m a old m m r t , r ~ a r e boamarmi en=. a ,..re7 T M ~ ttm barn

arrlt ha8 got r long t r ed i t i oa i n aarala.

prrdarh va have got r xxumbsr of hero-aWnaa, Zburrer,

t h e xain o o n ~ a 1 t r a t 1 ~ of horo-stoner l r fn :+ar th /*mot

and Sberaapurl s l r t r l o t r , rw haw-afoaer a ro r.port.6

from : r l a , : ou t b kruot, -oimbe b r a , .3bindl.pat, Yilgrtr ,

R l o b l r ~ p 8 l l 1 , Nane lve l l l uad YenyJNmarl d i r t r i o t r , 60

fu, no hero-mtsnmr bava beon raportad from X.dur81, h o m e

nr thrpu ru, Tanja r ) .lhb Rldduko ttrl d i r t r i ~ t r . . . . . - . . o w w o o 1 1

From t l se i m a o o r l a l , gorth Aroot d i a t r i o t

hrr played r a o t m r t h f r o l e l a t b r bf r toty of f a r t h

Indfr. rbe h i r8ory o f riorth Rmot d l s t r f c t goor beak tO

r a a t . P&l reo l l t h i c impleroentr were lmnd i n

aany p l a c e r of t h e p reaan t :binglopat, v41cb wrs t h e p a r t

of d o r t h rtmot d i r t r l a t till t h e 17th contury, k e hava

ruch uvldarwrr rrrllrblc, i n 3orth hrcot proper. buover,

good ourbet 3f tied1 t h i c rite8 are nst1o.d i n t h l a roglon a t o r i n 8 tance axc rva t lonr oonauc td a t ? r l y a ~ p r l l l , a

n e o l l t h i c rite, l n t h e lsortb Ar-t d i r t r l c t ruverl in terao-

t l n g d r t a l l r about t b r r r r l ler t rbtt1:rs o f t h l s rog lm.

The p w p l e of t h i n region u r d l a r g e rrunber o f pol lshed

s b a a axes and a wmewhat m d i a e n t u y f l a k t8 o r b lade

I m p l a a n t s , Thoy probably dour6 ti o a t 4 o a t t l e l i k e rheep,

p a t s eta, From a s m b r of &tono l m p l r e n t r md t h e pnttmro

of ~ e t t l s m e n t of theso pooplo, I t may be a ~ ~ q q e 8 t . d t h a t they

wore no more nomrbr and loading r b e t t e r l i f e t h e n t h e

Pa leo l i tbnlc a a . f o l l o u i a g tho n-11 t h l c ptt iod, megolf t h i c

b u l l d a r r cane to t b e roono .ad made t r v o l u l l a n a r y changes

n o t o n l y i n t h e roclo-eaonoaic c o n d t t l o n r b u t 8100 i n t b e

b ~ I d & ~ t uI~ na-d h l l c r b l e 0

dxu&&ml - pp, 161, 163

o u l t of t h e bad. 8olreraur Magrl l th la rolwmontr and

burl018 that are s o a t t o r e d i n t h e d l r t r l e b boar v l t s o s r

t@ t b i # fmtr

&ring We e a r l y period, t h o r e Vera zuamerour

r ~ d u i n & t i l b e s i n the ' i o r t h hmot d l a t r l o t . A I n

ooholarr aonrroat tho60 w a e r i n & paoplo w l t h t S e h a n t e r r

wad a n s t h e r r o t of soholatr OWneaL thea vith t h o r r n o n t r

of an aborg1n.l poopla known a. 1 r r 1 a r a 9 r c c o r d h g W @

m a m s a r i p t o o l l m t o d by Jot, '4rokanala, n r g # e r t r t h a t t h e 10

S u m n b r r v e r e the e a r l 1 r a t a e t t l a r r of t h i r l o c a l 1 ty.

; . l t h there fw wrba, we 89811 now go thre lgh tbe srtt~by

of tho heto-stonrr imbd i n t h l m rogloa.

A l w o t i n every p r t t o f Vorth Arcrot d l r t r i a t

re & a t a number of hero-stoner, In < b . n g u t r l u k a lone

amre than f i f t y he ro- r tonr r b r o bwa r e p o r t d by t h o s t a t @

iiepchrta%nt of h m h a o o l o g ~ , Fall 1l Most at th. h e rb

a t o n e r belong to the Pa l l rva dmerty. Host o f t h e hem

a t o n e l a r u r 1 y t i o a a fouad In t h l r r e g l a a r e la '2uril

9, A. s tuut - &mud of hortb hmot ~ l r t r i o t , vol. I - m

PP* 373% 10. it, J0p.l.n - PI11.tr. of rC'raahi - pp, u, U, a, e7.

11. r:, Nagarmy ( Id. ) C h a ( r i r d u k k u k r l .

luslplrge ud Vr$)e&uthu rorlpt . Tbey t h r e w r flood of

l l s h t on t h e r o o i r l oon6l t ionr obtaining than in t h l r

b i l l y trmt, 3ow we r h a l l eramine some of tb. l a p a r t a n t

hero-rtoarr E elmaging to tho Pallavar. 'Tha a a r l l o r t

3rSlrva r i n g reprorented l a the hero-$ tone lnrar ipt lmne

found la t h i a regioa belongto t i n ~ ~ v l n n c l v u m m ( i i m h s ~ i a h a )

Tuo hero-rtoaea belonging to t h l r kin@ have bem reportd 39

from ~ r a i f i j " nd Bar r~ lagma l l f i r oat84 in tba 14 th

and f a r 4 r e p a l year of f'lmhavl8&1 ro8p*ct ivo l~ , Tho

former r m o r d r tho death of a hero nuned Panna lr f i v m

v h l l e tbe l a t t e r r a o r d r the doath of r o e r t r l n Iradrpammr

i s a . rcle period of Llahatvlrhm'r ? a l p has

h i tner to be# consiQer.4 rs baring teralnatod w i t b tha end

of the 6 t h o n t u r y a. L, tat the rooent dlroovery of a

hero-stoma a t ~ ~ r r ~ r l n g m a l l u r arntlonwd above, i t 8.7 n o w

b* prorured that Llmh vlrhrru rei@.d f o r a t l e a s t 33 yaar

(1, e , c, t 3664dO A. L, )

N o u l y r donen kro-s tonor beloagin# to

64ahendravrraan I have elm be- found i n th i s are& la

Zhe higherti r u q n d year rig, 34, 2e, 39 u e obtriard for 16

this hlng reepoatlvel, fro. i q a t t ~ F v m x u q a ~ r .ad 17

2 rttm$? epi~raphr. 60 from t h o : - S t t d r @pi graph 1 t

io i t may be pre8uatB for the present that ha care to the

throne by a, 690 k.2. &a in the light of tho h i l h re~na l

year8 of there two kings, tbe cht~nology of t h s ruler8 of

t b r early P8llrvr dynarty mar have to be r.conniCered, 17r

17, fbid - 'I%& 3A - 36 of 196&,

178, For the deta i l ed study on tbo olbjeot Fee ehrpter 9 T T on pol¶ t lar l oondl tl e n m a

19, fbid - ?Hbt.~ - 78 of U71,

so, - T";tlvA - M, n, 34, 37 of 1971, 2 - r l o k LA - 81, 74 of 1971, A.rE t#)7 of 1W940,

I\, Naa.ruy (144) Yburgm 38duka~rl- L"ks;'lr - 72 of 197t 2 , ~ X C 31. or 1.~181 F, 1, IV - 30. m - pgp, 1 ~ 0 4 .

Ulr ; 171 of U214 63 of 19:$34rla

.aQ i(uloWnga 1 1 1 ~ are noatlone6 in . -bar of hero-

li LOII.8.

A hero-stone belonging to I?'irtr.lrtta

g.anu.dn.,90 d r C d in Cbo 04th rema1 year b@a bean

idrt tdr3' and 6dadr3' inrctlption~ .ppear to boloa'

to a brrach of tho !3iy1r faa l ly , wbo ware under the rarrice

of the Pollrrrr l o th is regime

T b r hero-etorror fro8 l o r t b kruot d l r t r l o t

ooa t r lhr t o may tblngr to tbo E'auth frrdlrrr m i a l md

~ o l l t i a a l hlrter7. Further rereatoh ard oxplorotlonr

i n t b l e d i s t r l c t v i l l reveal m-JI i n t e r a r t l a ( flrformrtl on8

v1 tb re(8rd to tho early hl s tory of t h 1 r l o c a l i ty.

kdjoinlng to t o r t b Araot d i s t r i c t l l e a ahrrmrjmrl

d l o t r i c t, "Jbrrmryurl I s one of tbo l r t o r t d i r t r i c t r to be

fomod la 1965, ublab betoto form04 t h a p a r t of Ealm

d i s t r i c t . ~ b & m r ; l u r l d i s t r i c t l o studdod v l th thiak f o r a r t

and muatafns. Annual r a i o f a l l in t h i s url 18 very

m a r n o e a r l l o o t h ~ m a n s o t t l r e n t perhapa, &oar to

the time of h e 0 1 1 thlc period. RumYour Jdogalitbia b u r i r l r

have b ~ e a reg0rt.d horr. ?he b i r tory of t h i s rogloa a r t o r

b8ek b tbe . -dam p ~ r i o d DBarmrpurl, uww 1 ts uacieat

naee Tagadat odjaamnt to AdiyMrnkott&i formed 88 one o f

tba a u l t u r r l l y l n t o g r r l p u t 8 of tho -herar o f tho tadgem

potlob, n d l 7 u . n fi.b,man Gj1, tbe ancient chief of

~ a ( d r bad prtroo1r.d A w d y r r , t be f -8 poetess of tba

f;d4rn ago, hbiyaman hed matrlmonlal l l n k r w i t h tha

kheraara and 18 orodi t.4 vltn 8 glorlaur v ia tory a g r l n r t

tho omblned fore.8 of revm klngr. krmtrmmM rofe r r - - - m - o - o -

14. .Inrry - m1.

to tbo ?and (Palm t t o o ) m b l m of M l y m r n f l a 8 ond of

~ d 1 y u r a v r oxpcditlon oa bobrlf of the over lord Cherr

r g r l n r t Nraam, a t h l r o r p l t r l Pa l l , vhore he O l d r l ang

with hy Pryinan, r Cborr T a d r t o r y , t l l l r d by the gmnrl

of Hmnm or1106 Wirl&i. k d l ~ 8 ~ 8 n rlld h e r o i c a l l y In

tho bat t le . Pvvdyar rpuakr about t b r hero-stono t r i e d 38

l m a o o r y of A d i j ~ r n . lbus tb* p r w r l o a t of bmm-rtono

found i n t h i r region d a t e r b w k r ight from very o r r l y psrlod.

rrom tbo v e r j roao (1. r. Jbrrmapurl n i r t r l o t ) q u i e t a g w d

number of hero-8ton.r have been r o p o r t d by t b o s t a t e

o q w t t o e o t of r o b r w l o ~ , Taail WrQI. "r. z. V. riman,

?rof erhor o f tho Lopartmont of me1 ent HI r t o r y m a d hrohroology,

: Jo l rorr i t y of * r d r r r bar 8180 brought to not loo reve r r1

hero-otuner daring t h o o r p l o r r t l o n in t h i s area. Let ur

now roe i o r e of the noro-rtoner faund t b i a regton, Mote

t b m h n d r e d hero-stones bnve been reported from t h l r rrrr

$ 0 hrvo hero-stone opiprrphr r l d h t from tho 6th cmtury A. ?,

Yort of the hero-s toner beloag to tho P a l l o r r r , CMarr,

b y r a l r r , imgrr, t.lolrobsrr rod V 1 j rymagarr . hpqtt from

t h t r r dpr r t l e r , tbrre r r o nurrerotrs hero-stoner belonging

to uskaom mler., t%ppaab26i L I r u l a p p r t t i ) h @ r ~ - s t o n e ~ ~

w r i t t e n la va3$a&ath oha rae t e r r . I t raeordr t b e d e a t h

(O the P.ll*va m1a: r l ike Cl~b.vlrrYIU,~' 2 .ahmdra ranan 39 40 r3', N ~ a ~ L h e v w a ~ ~ atad I svar.v.nrra hmre b e a

repor ted , Sk brro-stoner d r t d in t h e 1 0 t h and BOth r e g n r l

In d w r t r1uk i O r . b ~ d & h a l l i ' ~ la t h e 1-8 t r h k

r e rp . a t lve ly . T b a l a t t a ? hero-rtoae 1s foqad i n r dolmm.

rh is show# t h a t t h e p r r c t i c e of s r e u t f n g dolmene for t hose

vtm mot berolc d a r t b eont inuad t l l l vary l a t e period.

; la1 l o r type of dobanold hero-8 toner arm rapor t ad f r o m

r number of plrcor (; r e p l e t a V08.15,17,36) k r v her*& toner 43

o f .;*JadhiraJa, dtalotbnga I* and .J.ndra 11PS a1.o

Ibla - mbl?n 1, 8 of 19781 1, 2, 3 o f 19731 164 of m. - mi;& - s, so, el, s 1 ~ 7 8 1 76, 77, a or IQU,

- 71 of U7Y.

lglP - 67 a d br, of 1974.

u - tj or ron. JQlg - u9 of 19%. Lhrn r ryu r i Naarrkarkrl ( Jngubll s h d ) 1Ri. U A 34-0 of 1Qm. I;lriP - er of 19x3,

~ r W 3 0 t

Vory f w bra-rtoner of tbo tbyralrr have

b..cr reported, A boro-atonm det .6 i n t he 33rd rogn.1

,oar of ~ i r 8 r ' u a a a t h m n bar born far& a t t ~ m ~ e t i - i i r ~ ~ 1n

L A . N ~ te1'ia)t. I t 10 r bolmonoid bar-stone, tho Inso r l -

g t l o a o r trtmr that a crmrlaln lu3pl l la l ? o n u a l d l & after

i r l l f l n g a tl~u. rho seu lp tu ro deplo ts t h e hero f ight lng

v i t h the t1C.r ( t o @ 31.t. 30. 3 b )

a1 a t f w hero-stones e r e i n a b l e to rfpuru-

shavWBmr hrvm bamn r.pott.d a t verlaar p l r a e s I l k 0

I. tdr? ' iblnn'&uppu4' and Mduppatt l . 49

:evm bero-stonos b o l o n g l n ~ to t h e yoluoba

~ l n y r V 1 r8 ' ;o lorbr , Sl

- i o l q b a Vlra 2 h G ~ n and ~ l y a p p e - 6s

b r v e been found a t va r lou r pleaom.

46, :ebon tho author v l r l t d t h i s a r ea be found tho i n r o r i p t l o n o n l y on tho l o f t lmer r i d e of tho dolma. Gontre, i>b.rarapurf .CelrotQlir81, 10 of 1979,

47, - 74 of 19'N. 4 - 16 of w73,

ialr tuo haro-rtoner b a l n g l n g to t h l r dyaar ty

hare been *.port4 fmm ~ . a d u r ~ i n , i t t a*ara l t a lu*

anofbar one f r o m n.ntyrb' i<ll i n iierur teluk, P w 98na

n l u r hawe 8180 hem mentiorrod i n some aplgrrphr. Apart

?tor there , t ha ra i r r l ~ r g e number of barn-stoner

belonging to unlrnown m l a r r ,

-8 3bar raput l d i r t r i o t i s studded v i t h r

l a r g o QU8b~r of hero-otoner a s r i p a b l e to v r r t a u r k lngr

of diflermt dfnar t i as . Fur ther ax teas i v e oxplorat l on

i n t h e f o r e s t rugion e s p . o l r l l y I n Petmagaram ragion, u l l l

yield maor l n t p a r t i n g i a f o r a a t l o a w i thra8ard to t h e e e r l ~

h i r t o r y of D b m a p u r l b l r t r l o t .

Thi8 18 on* of t h e redion vhere n w s tone 84.

am .bb him ruuoaasorr f lour ishod .ad left behind than

r i o h ramalnr. hobat t h m ~ a roote rap0rt.6 vary l a r g e ond

r i c h i r o n age gr rvar on t h a veotarn a ide of tba . havroy

Ai l l a .ad hmr murt1on.d t h e s i t @ of X i 1 *!onduobad1 a t tha

Sbarroyr a r v u y r l c b i n t h e r e a r l n r of t h i s age. 84

A r o a r o t d i ~ o o v u y of a T u l l Brabml i n ~ o r l p t i o n from

O.alur ta luk, t e r t lS1oa the an t iqu l t y of the re#lon, 88

: ' dm d i r t r i a l ha8 not been s y r t e a a t l . o a l l ~ surreyad 80

fo r , though they m a t be r i a h w i t h hero-rtoneo, as tho

nelgbbouring roglons l i k e Dharraapurl urd Yorth Arcot have

y ls ld .6 r l c h nmalnr of bere-stones, iiowever, a fov

berO-StO~~ur have been reported from t h l e eroa, hro hero-

swneo a t l ' l r u o b a n w ~ w doted i n t h e 6tb end 10tb year

of .,uad8repmdyr have been repor tad, Ano ther hem-8 tone

from ;tel apa1ayaas7 tat.. t h a t t h i s hero-s tone ram g o t

engrav.6 by l c e r t a i n Vira - 6antnd.n in memory of t b e

d o r t b l o b a t t l a ol b l s f a t h r r Ivu3ai-Kanmgan, son of

interest in^ lnformatlon, I t reaord. t h e death of l hero

while he war S14htIng w i t h a bull, The roulp ta ro deplota

the hero'r f l g b t w i t h l bul l ,

Vary S w number of hero-rtonor w r e n o t l e d 6s

1n 26qn#lopet and L Q u U I ~ r 0 0 t , ~ do1mb.torod1 n d

55, P, Yankatarm nP.all- i ' rabrl fn8ar lp t ion8 found la s8l.r D i o t r i a t a - Tho Hindu dated 18,1,1979,

66, A n 8 m a d of A96041a 67, - m1 of 1987-86, bd, bnpr - Fob. l976 - pm36, 89. AH& 64 of lW74Y; l38 of L9le3-44; T h 1 a u 8 n l t J u l y S?9,

1976. 60, A h E 387 O? 1909; 106 of 191647.

61. h, l l a q r a u y ( U) - n~pp.=-84*

.o0 ~ i l g r l a ~ ~ d l r t r l ~ t r . Chi, 0.0 hero-swno f r o m

L - i ~ a y k k % l , ~ near Lalgudl i n 2rIoblr .pp . l l i d l a t r i a t

hra been r e p o t t d , the herole tone b e u l n g f l g u r e of a

brabean being piera .d by an u r o w n v r r t b e nwk, mention8

t h e dea th of a hero f i g h t i n g I n a r a i d b; . bmr o h 1 e f t J a

w i t h t h e :%van8 horsar c l u s l n d t h e d e r t r u a t l o n of a masha

i n M e k l r t regn81 y e u of 'iandlvrrmm, 'vbo obtained t h e

kinddo. d o f o a t i s g (Air a a m i r r ) a t rrll%pp'.

Thero are n i n e hero-stoner w l t b l n s a t 1 p t i o n r 64

w i t h suu lp tu re weto not1z.d near I ~ a v ? l . a g ~ l i n ':oril-

p r t t l taluk of Tinnelvel l y d i i t r i c t. 'Tho epigraph8 ?word

tho r r r t 0s of c o n f \ l c t r betweon ~ l r u n e l v e l l Pommrl and h i8

ant rf t a i n 'r 'engalarrfa. y ~ y Yrrarr r o l d l e r r lor t t h e i r

11 vor at t a r p i ero ing tho! r m r a l e r horra. Another h e t o -

stan. from kr.lbb 1. ~ r i v a l k u n t r ta luk r r l t t u r I n Vrg$elu.uWtr

c n & r r a t e r r reoordr t h e death of a horn i n 8 war.

Fuo hero-stoner bearlng Vaige&uttxr i n s o r l p t l o a r

d r t a b l r to tha Otb aen tu ry b. u. b8ve be- r o p o r t d f r o m

VI l l n m M I n 6 a l k u l r ta luk of iaoyakumrrl d l r t r i e t.

67 of tho be?-atoaor, d r tad i n t b e 117th yorr of f i r m j r b r l -

y-, rooordg tbo t vben tho Jberr foroar r ttaokod Karri-

kko;)rl - T l r d u - P u ~ n t i a a l , r Ulr i ) .$u rarmkr, iiqaklrti

of ~ e n i d r in Xo&u&r - . 6 g p m di d, & f a r no hoto-

atonor hrvo born repor t& from Mrdurrl, ;murfthrplrma,

~ r n J r v 6 r and 2uQukkottrl 41 r t r l a tr.

Fro8 the foregoing r ~ r v o y of hero-stoner it

appears t h a t they brvo a h i g h eone rn t r r t l un l n t h e north

weatern p e r t i o a r of T a m i l 'trdu, 1.6. l n the d i r t r l ? t s of

?ior th- Arcot a d L)brmrpurl C l E t r l a ts. T3e reeont dl$-

covory of h u n d r ~ l s of hero-stoner by t h o Dopartuomt of

AroRro~logy, i'unlln*.du bare o t r m g thon.8 t h i s point , n o

reason for the g ra r to r e v r i l r b i l i t y of hero-@ toner in

.,or.tb hrcot and Lbormrpurl d i a t r l c t r 1 r very 3 I ? f l c ~ l t to

explain, I t i s uoll-knova t h a t uharaapuri w l t b axtrenoly

h i l l y u e r t e r n p a r t formed the r ~ g t e of invasion of t h e

. \ a rn r t J I r chl of ta ina, more r r p o a l r l l y t h e Xolrabaa, Banas

and ~u&g88a a requent c r t t l r - r a i d s rbd border d l s p ~ tos were

t h o oomaon ocourrmoo I n t h e ragion l a those dsyr,

Ar a r l d e a r l i e r t h a t la Runrtdrr l a r # o aurrbrr

laf ~ o n a . 6 the p-plr o f tb l r locrlltf to o r r o t hrro-

swaor . Eooondly most of t h e hem-stonor la 9 o ~ t b Arcot w a n

and i ;hunrpur l d l s t r l c t d r r l r . 4 l a boaO?ar of heroer who

bled i n c r t t l o ra lds , 8uoh i n a t r n c e r prove t h a t o r t t l o

porhrgr tho o n l y form of woalth of tho pooplo la t h l s

rogloa during #I8 p; .r lod and I t bad thoro io ra proved to

be tho bone of uoatent103 batweon t b o r e r l d o n t r of var iour

v i l l a y e r e It 1s also r wall-know f w t t b r p t c a t t l o l l f t h g

h r r b e m mrrs .6 f o r t u r o of h l l l y tru? ts and mountain

r o ~ i o n s a l l over India anb o l s w h r r e , Thirdly I e a g u

11 t O r 8 t ~ : . . r t t o s t t h e probonur of b0?0lstOn08 i n t h l r region,

rbou t tho baro-atono rrl a d la m e w r y of Add yaman, tho

a ? i o i t a l n of Tr8lbGr. Mrlrlpadukrdrm a l s o r o f o r r t o tho

noro-rtoner ?mad la t h o h l l l t t r r o t belong to Turnlrn - tho o h l e f t r i n of t h l s togion, f l e c o l n s ~ l n n l ~ r la hi8

oommmtary on I 4 a l r i p r d . ~ r d * u montlons , . , -hr li-69 <;n.ng-a, lust r e t o r r e d vrr

probably t b o Dodern Cbangmm i n lVortb Araot d l r t r l c t , I t

Is + u y l n t o r e r t i n g to n o t e t b o t i n tbo very Z M O h u n d r d r

of h a m - r b n o r harm baoo repor ted rouoa t ly by tho a k t a

A eoaprrhaar ivr survey or t h e d i r t r i W t 1 0 n of

bar-rfonrs la &utb Ladl r has beon mado I n t b r prclriclrtr

pagar. kt u8 mu sera oome of t be ma Jor t n e 8 of hero-

rtoner, k'r om broadly e l r o r l f y the hero-stone8 into

tbrre types a r i o l l w r ,

Tbi8 type of horo-stoner a r e r c r r e e l y found

i n cmtb Indls, p r r t i o + l l r r l y i n Tat i l lrdu. 3nly r fou

such rpw1:zrns hrvr been reported. fn t h f s c r r o oalf

lncc r ip t l on r r r l r t l n j to tho dacearad he ro re# exploit$

rad rablevementr bare been fouab. They arm coop leUly

dwoid of any ~ u l p t u r a l r e p r 0 8 o a t a t 1 ~ 1 of t h e dead hrrora.

Suoh t ~ o of born-rtaner a r e r r p o r t d fro. Hlouarnthapuram 30

i n ~ a l m o i r t r i o t end tbe another a t i b i n i d k ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ la

Parur taluk of ~barmrpur l ~ i s t r i o t.

Oa t h e o o n t r e r t t o t h o above mentiemed type

of buo-s toner , vo bare q u i e t r p o d nuaber of hero-stoner

l n r t m c o .my beto-stonor d e p i c t h e m e ' # holding bow and

arrow or v i t h word and d a g l e r i n t h e i r hmdr, &ometiaer

thry deplc t beroot$ f i y b t l n g v i t h vi l d anlmala l l k r t i g e r

p ig8 em. / .

Shls type o f hero-stonor are Iwnd r o r t t r r d

throu@aut douth Irrdlb lhey q i v e many ln fo rmr t lon

r e g r r d l n g tbe n u * of t h e hero and a180 undrr v h & t a i m -

: tencea tbe nrro met w 1 tb h i s dea th eta, beside t h e

l a r o r i y t l o n r mu ilg t ~ r r l r e p r a s o n t a t l o n s of t h e d m a a ~ d

herooo are a l r o found, (see p l a t e Nor, $1-361

: i o w . r u , r f u r t h e r r t t r p t is r l m orbo i n tho

ruacreding pager on t b e typ4loay of hato-stoner on t h e bar1 a

of t h e yurposur o r ortlrlrr f o r t b e e r o a t t o n o f hero-stoner i n

79, Tbe mathor during the f f 8 l d work b u blraovered moh hero-8 Waer 8 t .my v1118g~a l i k e M8nl y u b a d l , :Born! bi , Sairnr tbw, 60 t t o r i m d u i n Harur t r l u k of Dhrrr rpur l D l r t r i a t . ( s e ~ ~ 6 s - Ib, I & 19, QO. 38)

z m t b tadla. I t bar beoa raid ea r l i e r that bvlring the

period, .art of the hero-stoner were r r i r d to r

tbose vho b i d l o the c a t t l t r r i d aaapalgrr. Ijut the

epl grrpbIc81 rraordr rhowr t h a t hero-stones were rrl8ed

for vwlour reasons urd causer. L A t US now OH sme of

tbe eampler.

A 8 vm have already learnt from k d O u l i t e r a tu re

that -st of the baro-rtoaer were ra16.d for those who

dl& in tbe r t t a g t of c r t t l e raldlng. *any hero-stone

lsrorlpt1onr 8180 rscord the death of heroer v h l l o c rp t*~r lng

or rmapturtng tbe c a t t l e from t h e enmier, Trtma - l i k e

w"' and .. 6- " In hem-stone

inrcrlpt lonr c l r r r l y show t h * t bow and when the pnrt loulrr

br ro met wf t h h i 8 daath. The former refers to the ~caarqon

v h a the hero ~ r ~ t a r . 6 the c a t t l e frob the enrailer 8.4 the

l a t t e r refers to the oocarfon whaa the hero recaptured the

o r t t l e t b . t vr8 loot to enemler. :ueb ac t of c a t t l e -

t . i d i n 8 war n o t aoaf in .6 to T u l l 3- aloae. In gar-

n a t d t r and Andhra .Jradeoh w gat numerous hero-otona8

r e s u d i n g tho doe tb of heroor I n c a t t l e - r e i d , 76

Ins t m c e r 77 - -

a r e found In 30rtb fadla.

& r t a t i r t l c a l a r u l y r l r rhowr tbot n e a r l y bW'

of the horo-stoner found i n T a m i l Tadu r#ordr t h e dea th

of beroer I n c a t t l e - r a i d , I t o l e a r l t rhowr t h e li:.portence

of the c a t t l e wea l th cad thrlr proved to be t h e ban. of

o o ~ t s n t l o n w a a t ha pooplo In thore dryr , 78

naro-staaer were 8110 r8l8td f o r t b r e who

d l 4 wbi ta a o w ~ n t e r i n g v l t h w i l d anloulr l i ka t ige r .

:uch hero-.; toass have bemn rapor tad f r o 8 gorth Amot

and b h r r u p u r l d l r t r l c t r of T 8 m i l 8.bu. ror i n 8 t a n ~ 0 a

hero-stone from ~ i & m t h u ~ i a r ~ ~ i n North lmot d l r t r l o t

d r t . d durioj t h e 3rd year of :~us iahev8rm.n record8 tho

dea th of a hero and el00 aantionr about tbe hero-stone

r a l ~ s d on the spot where h i s a a r t y r d u took plaao.

76. r ; . . ~ 175 193 me, mi, e o or imi-r.ai UM or iw3-at1 445 of hdl mu.

77. mmbw rirretteer Vol, I X - p u t f - ~ ~ 0 3 6 3 4 . &j, I. Vol, x u 1 - Par t VTI - Ju ly lQb6 - p,3W0

7 ior 8 detallmd r t u d y tho import8ace of cattle- t d d 8- tb@ iippmdlx YO, 1.

&other hem-@tone from h6 t t akk r lY) In Chew-

tala of S o r t b Aroot d l r t r l c t roaorbr, t h e b e r t h el r

b . r o nemed Vlnrrr,r.Qugra wh i l e f l g h t i a g w i t h r tt#er. Tho

r g t l p t u r o found t b o t o l n depic t r tho horolo f l g h t of t h o

hero v l t b r ti gar,

81 Yet m o t h e r boro-stone from ! 4 r n f y a b . b ~

v1 l l a g a i n Chrmrpur l d i r trlc t d e p i c t s t h e he ro - f igh t ing

k i t h r t i ge r . Tho hero l a r n o m a r p l r r c l n g the t iger

w i t h a rword, Beride thir r o u l p t a r r r f e w o a t t l r rapre-

rantlns b u l l r o r aou r ore a l r o rhova and t h r i n i l c r t i n g

t h a t v h l l r t h e hero s r v l n g h i # o r t t l e from t h e tlyrr bo

w a r u l l l o d i n t h t r t t ompt ( ta r , 21840 No, 5 8 S i m i l a r

typo of hero-r tonoa u a 8100 r o y o r t d from drde t tu r , a

cdis V ~ r a h r in i i i r rko ru r ta luk of ..hsrwrr d l r t r i c t and v r r rh s

135

in . l i rokerur t r l u k or .barwar J l r t r l c t a d 'duma l o

r?l&ym5r t r l u k a f "hi toor d i r t r l c t of Andhrr Srrderh.

61. P r r r b a i r s o v e r y aeda by t h e uthor. 82, R.Hr#rramy (Fd) Pharmapnri (alvettukkrl-TNC.3A-10 of 1973,

m. fbid - m5DA - 14 of 19m.

0 fbid - TNSCA - 11 of 19730

Jb. An& 609 a? 196d-69.

a* - 808 of 10%14Y,

Soao bere-atonor record tb* death of beroea

virile f i g h t i n 8 w i t h v l l d Pi#$, Wild p iaa a r o very

?.roelaus i n nak r re and thw oause i r . o o e 6.laage f o r

o u l t l t a t d orops l l k e #nwnd nut8 p rdd t e to , Suah typo

of hero-stone* a n r e p o r t d fro. h d d ~ f i r , ' ~ and

v.nk.tWuruw i n Dhuaapuri d i s t r i o t o f T r i l Y d o

(: 0. P la t* No, 23)

Horo-stones vo re alro re ird i n memory of

prrronr who los t t b e i r l i v e r w h i l e r r r l n q roan f o l k

I r o n n ~ l ~ a t a t l o n ~ Ibls haro-.tone f r o m 2h@.@8ma I n

. ;o r th /;mot d i r t r i c t reoordr t h a t Y a t u r i Ma~ i l*$ f l Ilembur

d i e d i n t h e Uourae of & w i n d .ome vomoa f r o m moleatation,

&other l a s o r i p t l a ~ be londng to t h e tlmo of 90

.Camprrulr.n from T, Ve13r i n tbo irmo t a l e rooords

thr t c e r t a i n f i l lam, 8 r e s i d e n t QI Kikontai n%ka died,

after r r r o u i n t h i s elder bro t h r r ' 8 dclgn t o r from robber@,

Hrrur t r l u k of i)barmrpuri d l r t r l o t l a S r m r d a language

rnb G b r r w t o r d r t d i n thr l b t b r o g n r l year of Vlrr

:,olanbr, r # o do t b e 608th of c e r t r l n P r 1 h r r son of

i u l iy rana , whi le defrodlng 6o.e wooon, wboa they were

s t r l p p o d of t h e i r b t e s r I, e. vhea t h e i r moorsty vrr about oe

W be o u t r r ~ m l . I. hero-stone from KarnrrtJIa #tat(,

rooordr t he dea th of r hero i n an a t tampt W rorcuo r vorran

from t he broclr 3f robberr. I t a180 rryr t h s t p rovls1oar

were r l r o aedo for tho offor t tag of food and f lower s e r v i c e

An0 t h e t i n t o r o s t i n 6 boro-stone comes from 93

.<%krlliir i n TI ruv r l l f l r t r l u k of 2hlnglep.t 31s t r l a t.

I t reoordr t h t .8 l lr lrI yr- thl thrrr t ym, r v r l l u v r n of

r:'.Y~alir l o s t h l r l i f e wh i l e f i g h t i n g a g a i n a t t b iove r

(hrllrr) on behalf of t bo .'e~maklcrl of t h e village, who

ardr r g r a n t of l a m o r &r l ipp r )$ i to h i 8 son, The atone

Qoatatnr t h o r o u l p t u r o of' t bo v u r i o r ~

Yoc m o t h o r hem-itone fro. b r ~ d l f i ~ ~ rooorda

tho dea th of r b e m rimed ii8Uy.n p l l l r l vho f o u & t b o r o l a r l l ~

r & . o i r t t h e highwry robber8 and k i l l e d b l t h a ,

Hue-atoars u u e 81$0 ra1a .d f o r W o e who d i e d

f o r a o r t a l o r e l l g i o u a o v u r e r or f o r c e r t a i n vowe, Yrrrgur-

d m and Uarb o ~ f e r i n g are roma of t b a 1ne t .ooaa for the

a r . o t i o n of hero-btoaar, Fhur hero i n r a r l p t ¶ o n n a r r

r1rutt&fdW d 8 t . d i n t h e aOtb y e a r of Kampavanan, roeorb8

r g i f t o f land moda by t h e 7r.r o f n m v . n d r to ?rf$ri

?ot)m for tha pious w t o t c u t t i n g off f l r r h from n l n a

p r r t a of h l r body and f l n r l l y h ¶ s herd rr a n o f f a r i n g to

t h e goddare I)Ur(a. Tbe he ro i s p o r t r a y e d 88 h o l d i n g h i 8

save red herd by tho OIft I n h i 8 l e f t hrad, v M l e the r i g h t

hrad g r r r p r r avord,

mere i s .a l n t a r e r t l a g hero-stone from &.nrrrn 86

t h u r r i i n ktUr t . h k of -8l.a s i s t r i c t ree3rds t h e d e a t h

of r hen, i n r b u l l - f l g b f at! ro? l lp tu re d r y l c t r t h a hero

f i g h t i n g w i t h r stout hll by h o l d i n g I ts hornr , Th i s

p r r c t l c e of f l q h t i n g v l t n b u l l r m r l l r tbr 860 o ld custom

of t h e m c l a n t Tamil w:eltl, In tho p r o t o r r l rrerr known

ar t h o p r a a t i c e o f t:ra V l d u t r l or 3- or

b u l l - f i g h t i n g war p r a v r l r n t d i r i n g t h e $&/aa hqa,

~ U e b tba par t la lpmtr ware to exhibit their 'hyrioal

prouerr by oapturlng the bull for the gurpose. 97

Hero-stoner rare not onlr rr1a.d to r human

being8 but dW for r a i ~ r l r l ike Dogr, In thore drys

do88 wore used for hunting and vrtahing purporer, Dogs

were also employed lor guarding herds, kt ur now ree

some of the ex.arple of the momor1818 rrlaed i n memory of

dogs*

86 A bwo-stone troll Mrththultf? In Ybengu

taluk of 3orth hmot J l r t r i c t rwordr the beroic r w t of

a boa a i l l . 6 S~v1v.n while saving the c a t t l e fro8 the

mupier a l o n ~ vl t h h l r mrrtrr. In th i r r t teapt h i s master

had dled, but a t i l l t h e dog was f i jh t lng back w i t h hlr

eaed me, ( : ee ?la t e No, ai

Yet another r a o r d from h a n JapirJO d l r t r l o t

reaordr t h a t 'folambadhlra Ja e r o a t d stone non?ament i n

seaory of his frvourlta dog oalled 3anga which hunted r

borr cad O l d beroleally l a the fight.

d a r e a rtooo t a b l e t boar8 t b e roptorentat ian of a bound

q d a boar flebtln#LOO, ~ n s e r ~ p t ~ o n 15~116 t h o ~ e l n

t.oor68 tho grant of l a d to t h s t stone .ad canbltador

that, "2f tbo Par... wbo rua8gea t h e g r m t of 18nd rboulb

f a l l to do wrrbip to t h a t stone, ha s h a l l 1n-r tb. 101

g ; ~ i l t of the s in aomal t td by the bound*.

Prom cha abova Ins tumem I t Is o l e a r t h a t

hero-stones were r.ir.4 In order to porpatua ta tho

marory o f those wbo gave ug tbaf s l l r r e Tor .ore good

a m a h klf g e r w n or beart w h o bere bone merl torlour or

heroio w t r w o i v o d 8 groat honour and t h i s refloatd

in tbo n n r a m e hero- toner found maattrred a11 over

b u t h Indl80

loo, FL I, VOL, V I - 60 and p l a t e facing t h r t pala.

1 0 - p.66.