Data Storage Trends and Technologies - Thic Inc

Data Storage Trends and Technologies

Mike LeonhardtStorage Tek, 1 Storage Tek Dr, Louisville CO 80028-2129

Phone: +1-303-673-5627, FAX: +1-303-673-7967E-mail: [email protected]

Presented at the THIC Meeting at the Hilton San Diego/Del Mar

Del Mar CA 92014-1901on January 22, 2002

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Data Storage Trends and Data Storage Trends and TechnologiesTechnologies

Mike LeonhardtStorageTek

1 StorageTek Dr.,Louisville, CO 80028-2129

303.673.5627, fax 303.673.7967, [email protected]

presented at the THIC meeting, Del Mar Hilton, Del Mar, CA January 22, 2002

2002 Storage Technology Corp. all rights reserved

OutlineOutlineTechnical Progress –Areal Density Trends

Economic Progress –Price Trends

Technologies–Current–New

Conclusions

M. Leonhardt 1-22-02

Technical ProgressTechnical Progress


0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007

GA Year

Are

al D

ensi

ty (G

b/in

2 )

Parallel Track Longitudinal Tape

Narrow Track Longitudinal TapeHelical Scan Tape

Magnetic Disk

Optical Disk

Areal Density TrendsAreal Density TrendsProbe

Volumetric Optical

?

Best in class products/product roadmaps

Tape Demos


0.001

0.01

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1

10

100

1000

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1000000

1987 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012 2017 2022GA Year

Are

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ensi

ty (G

b/in

2 )

Parallel Track Longitudinal Tape

Narrow Track Longitudinal Tape

Helical Scan Tape

Magnetic Disk

Optical Disk

Superparamagnetic Effect

Probe Contact Area Viability

Atom Surface Density

Advanced Areal Density TrendsAdvanced Areal Density Trends

Atom Level Storage

Probe

Volumetric

Optical

?

?

?

Tape Demos


Economic ProgressEconomic Progress


Storage Subsystem Price Trends(OEM price/equiv. unless otherwise noted; no capacity compression or utilization factors)

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1000

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

GA year

Pric

e (O

EM/In

tegr

ator

- $/

GB

)

Tape Drives

Tape Drives + 100 Tapes

Tape Media Only

Enterprise Class disk subsystem - performance

low

average

average

low

Performance Disk Drives (IDC)

Desktop Disk Drives (IDC)

Enterprise Class disk subsystem - capacity

Optical Disk Subsystems (IDC)



0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1000

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

GA year

Pric

e (O

EM/In

tegr

ator

- $/

GB

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Tape Drives


Tape Media Only


low

average

average

low





Disk Systems



0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1000

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

GA year

Pric

e (O

EM/In

tegr

ator

- $/

GB

)

Tape Drives


Tape Media Only


low

average

average

low





Disk Systems

Tape Systems



0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1000

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

GA year

Pric

e (O

EM/In

tegr

ator

- $/

GB

)

Tape Drives


Tape Media Only


low

average

average

low





Disk Systems

Tape Systems

Optical Disk



0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1000

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

GA year

Pric

e (O

EM/In

tegr

ator

- $/

GB

)

Tape Drives


Tape Media Only


low

average

average

low





Disk Systems

Tape Systems

Optical Disk MEMS/Probe

New Technology “Guess”



0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1000

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

GA year

Pric

e (O

EM/In

tegr

ator

- $/

GB

)

Tape Drives


Tape Media Only


low

average

average

low





Disk Systems

Tape Systems


Enhanced Optical Disk




0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1000

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

GA year

Pric

e (O

EM/In

tegr

ator

- $/

GB

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Tape Drives


Tape Media Only


low

average

average

low





Disk Systems

Tape Systems


Enhanced Optical Disk

Holographic



Technologies Technologies ---- CurrentCurrent


Magnetic Disk Magnetic Disk

Technology leaderAggressive storage density growth rate–>8 x 106 density growth since the original “RAMAC”

A “spoiler” for other storage technologiesContinued areal density progress influenced by superparamagnetic effect–New approaches to media, heads required

Near term solutions to 100 Gb/in2

Support to 1 Tb/in2?Consumer products effect development, market, cost


New Head, Media TechnologyNew Head, Media Technology

IBM Corp.


Density AdvancesDensity Advances100 - 200 Gb/in2

–New exchanged coupled mediaAntiferromagnetically coupled (AFM) layersUses thin Ruthenium separation layer termed: “pixie dust”Supports 150 Gb/in2?

–Add higher coercivity media and 10:1 bit aspect ratio for 200 Gb/in2?

To 1 Tb/in2

–Use perpendicular recording–Further increase media coercivity

May require “thermal assist” to reduce coercivity and the magnetic field required for the head to write– HAMR (heat assisted magnetic recording) -- new ATP research grant


Density AdvancesDensity AdvancesTo 1 Tb/in2 (continued)

Today’s magneto-optical drives use both magnetic head and laser heating

–Use patterned media

Beyond 1 Tb/in2

–Look to the alternate storage technologiesProbeVolumetric optical (e.g. holography)Atomic level


Magnetic TapeMagnetic TapeTechnology follower - areal density trend lags disk– Increased defect tolerance–Uses higher media surface area to compete

Will continue to leverage off of disk technology Opportunity for more aggressive operating pointsRecent advanced media announcements–Advanced operating point demonstrated–Multi-TB support

Holding on to cost advantage over other storage subsystems types but under pressure


GA Year vs Areal Density

1

10

100

1000

10000

1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007

GA Year

Are

al D

ensi

ty (M

b/in

2)

parallel track longitudinal: 1/2"narrow track longitudinal: 1/4" - 8 mm 1/2" cartridge

helical scan: 4 mm 8 mm 1/2" 19 mm

NSIC Tape Roadmap

AME+ media Technology

Demos Product?

TapeTape Areal Density Tends


Media improvements are key to tape drive advancement–Smoother, cleaner, quieter, increased mechanical stablity,

fewer/smaller defectsRecent announcements–Sony: 6.5, 16.4 Gb/in2 recording density demonstrations

(helical scan)Off the trend linesMulti-TB cartridge support

–Fuji: Targeting 10x tape capacity improvement -- 1 TB

MediaMedia


Technologies Technologies ---- NewNew


MEMSMEMS--Probe TechnologyProbe Technology“Disk drive array on a chip”Combines probe storage with Micro Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS)Magnetic disk storage densities and beyond10x performance disk’s transaction rate Positioned between solid state memory and performance magnetic disk in the storage hierarchySmall size -- good volumetrics, low powerHighly parallel architecturePrototypes in 2002?Commercial feasibility, reliability TBD


Prototype MEMSPrototype MEMS--Probe Storage DeviceProbe Storage Device

Electro

nics

TipArrays

MediaCoating on

Bottom Surface

1 cm

1 cm

2 mm

Electro

nics

Electro

nicsMedia

Sled

Probe Tip Pitch100µ x 100µ

Sled motion - 100µ x 100µ

media

proximalprobe

tip

XYZ movablesuspension

Move media inX or in X-Y

Move probe head inZ and Y orZ and fine Y

Large Array (>1000) of MEMS actuated Tips

Reliability (like RAID)High Data RateLow Access TimeLow Power

M. Leonhardt 1-22-02LLL. Richard Carley, Carnege Mellon Univ.

Development StatusDevelopment StatusOngoing Research–MEMS structure

Probe organizationReliability

–Recording process–Architecture

Organizations–US government -- DARPA contracts–Business -- HP, IBM, Siemens, Kionix, Nanochip–Universities -- Carnegie Mellon, CalTech, Cornell


Optical DiskOptical DiskMany product formats -- all removable media–14”, 12”, 5.25”, 120 mm, 3.5”, 80 mm, 2.5”, <2.5” diameter

Revenue dominated by DVD/CD drives –Low cost, low-mid performance


Optical DiskOptical DiskCD/DVD–Consumer products drive development, market, cost–Capacity, data rate multiplying technologies in development–Very low cost DVD-based storage anticipated

Magneto-Optical (MO)–Many new MO drive technology enhancements proposed–Will forecast limited revenue growth support the required

R&D?


DVD Technology DriversDVD Technology DriversConsumer products

8 / 01 M. Leonhardt 1-22-02

Enhanced Optical DiskEnhanced Optical DiskDVD technology extensions proposed and under development to accelerate the roadmap–Capacity

Multi-layer, Multi-level/Gray scale, Near field optics–Data rate

Multi-spot -- used in current CD productBase technology developers (selected)–3rd generation DVD

Sony, Matsushita, Hitachi, Fujitsu, Sanyo, PioneerPhillips

Technology extension developers (selected)–4th generation +

SonyPhilips, Zen Research, Constellation 3DCalimetrics M. Leonhardt 1-22-02

Media’s key, recent new types, potentially very low cost ($1/TB)Magnetic disk densities and beyondHigh capacity (TB’s) High data rate (100’s MB/s)Page organized–New architecture–Good access performance–Optical computing potential

Possibilities: removable, re-writable? media Commercial feasibility is TBD

Holographic TechnologyHolographic Technology


Holographic StorageHolographic Storage

2D bit data page image



Implementation - why now?–Media material has always been the key gating factor

Recent new developments -- in both crystal and photo-polymer media typesStorage density with sensitivity and stability

–Required critical custom components ($$$)Critical components now leverage lower cost consumer product technology– Spatial light modulator (from Laptop, PDA displays)– Detector array (from digital cameras)– Laser (from 2nd generation “DVD-burners”)



Media material suppliers– Imation–Aprilis–Bayer

Research and development– IBM– InPhase Technologies (Lucent technology)–Aprilis (Polaroid technology)–Cal Tech–Stanford University–NSIC collaborations -- HDSS, PRISM

Initial products in 2-3 years?M. Leonhardt 1-22-02

ConclusionsConclusionsTraditional magnetic recording has proven to be very scalable -- but there are “limits”

Commercialized new technologies must deliver a significant advantage over existing storage approaches –Rule of Thumb: order of magnitude improvement in one or

more key metricsCost, performance, volumetric efficiency, etc.

New technologies must support a product roadmap with sustained advantages


Data Storage Trends and Technologies - Thic Inc

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