CT4471 Drinking water Water treatment technology

September2007 prof.ir.J.C.vanDijk

Sanitary Engineering Department

Drinking water

Water treatment technology

prof. ir. J.C. van Dijk

Delft University of Technology

Further information about this and other publications can be obtained at:Delft University of TechnologyFaculty of Civil Engineering,Section of Sanitary Engineering,Stevinweg 12628 CN Delft tel: +31-15-2785440fax: +31-15-2787966

English translation and editing: Adele Sanders, Delft EdiTS

© TU Delft 2007

preface

Contents

Water treatment schemes 11

Coagulation and flocculation 37

Sedimentation 51

Flotation 67

Filtration 81

Adsorption 103

Disinfection 115

Aeration and gas stripping 133

Softening 153

Micro- and ultrafiltration 173

Nanofiltration and reverse osmosis 189

Laboratory experiments 203

6

contents

7

contents

Detailed contents

Water treatment schemes 11

Framework, contents, study goals 121. Introduction 132. Groundwater 143. Riverbank groundwater 204. Surface water with direct treatment 22 225. Surface water with infiltration 30

Coagulation and flocculation 37

Framework, contents, study goals 381. Introduction 392. Coagulation 403. Flocculation 45

Sedimentation 51

Framework, contents, study goals 521. Introduction 532. Theory 533. Influeances on settling in a horizontal flow tank 584. Practice 625. Settling tank alternatives 64

Flotation 67

Framework, contents, study goals 681. Introduction 692. Principle 693. Theory 714. Practice 76

Filtration 81

Framework, contents, study goals 821. Introduction 832. Principles 833. Theory 874. Practice 91 5. Alternative applications of filtration 95

8

contents

Adsorption 103

Framework, contents, study goals 1041. Introduction 1052. Theory 1073. Practice 110Practice 110 110

Disinfection 115

Framework, contents, study goals 1161. Introduction 1172. Purpose of disinfection 1173. Disinfection kinetics 1254. Disinfection methods 129

Further reading 133

Aeration and gas stripping 135

Framework, contents, study goals 1361. Introduction 1372. Theory of gas transfer 1383. Practice 144

Softening 153

Framework, contents, study goals 1541. Introduction 1552. Principle 1552. Theory 1593. Practice 164

Micro- and ultrafiltration 173

Framework, contents, study goals 1741. Introduction 1752. Principle 1773. Theory 1794. Practice 1845. Operation 187

9

contents

Nanofiltration and reverse osmosis 189

Framework, contents, study goals 1901. Introduction 1912. Principle 1913. Theory 1934. Practice 198

10

contents