Guess the Topic

Warning signs

of

various diseases

Objectives a)define warning signs

b)enumerate the importance of warning signs

c)list the warning signs of various

diseases in general

d)discuss regarding warning signs of

vision loss

e)state the warning signs of diabetes

f)list the warning signs of lung disease

Objectives g)describe the warning signs of cardiovasc

ular disease.

h)enumerate the warning signs of kidney

disease

i)list the warning signs of dehydration

j)discuss regarding warning signs of cancer

k)state the warning signs of leprosy

l)list the warning signs in babies health

Status and in pregnancy

I

Introduction

According to WHO statistics, India

faces the twin epidemic of continuing

and emerging infectious diseases as well

as chronic degenerative diseases.

Warning sign

Warning sign means a sign giving

warning of a hazard or risk.

Importance of warning signs

• Early identification and diagnosis

of the health problems

• Early treatment

Decreases morbidity ,mortality

Warming signs of various diseases

in general

• Unexplained weight loss ( infection ,

depression, AIDS ,cancer )

• Unexplained changes in bowel habits

(ulcer, cancer ,infection )

• Chest pain ( heart diseases )

Cont…

• Shortness of breath (heart /lung disease)

• Sudden unexplained headaches

(infection or brain tumor )

• Sudden weakness or numbness of the

face , arm or leg (stroke)

Cont…

• Fever (infection )

• Hot, red or swollen joint (arthritis )

Scenario

Mr. Bert, aged 80 years, presented to his

general practitioner with sudden blurred

vision in his right eye 2 hours prior. He

was an insulin-dependent type 2 diabetic

with a history of hypertension and

dyslipidemia.

Identified Problem : ________

What are the warning signs :_______

Sensory system: Vision loss

Warning signs of vision loss

• Blurred vision (hypertension or diabetic)

• A dark or empty patch (macular degeneration

• Fading or yellow color (cataracts)

• Flashes of light or debris in vision (retinal

detachment)

• Tunnel vision ( glaucoma)

Scenario

Mr.X is complains of frequent urination,

hunger, and thirst, which leads to drinking

more water daily. He is very concerned

because he is often agitated, anxious, and

impatient to the point that it is affecting his

family and work life.

Endocrine system : Diabetes

Warning signs of diabetes

• A parent or sibling with diabetes

• increased thirst

• increased appetite

• frequent urination at night

• unexplained weight loss or very overweight

• elevated triglycerides

Cont..

• impaired glucose tolerance

• slow healing wounds

• Fatigue

• persistent blurred vision ,

• persistent numbness in hands or feet

• frequent skin infection

Scenario

John, a 50-year-old man, comes to the

emergency department with worsening

dyspnoea, fever, cough and increased

purulent sputum production. He is

accompanied by his sister, who says

John has been experiencing shortness of

breath, feeling fatigued.

Respiratory System: lung diseases

Warning signs of lung disease

• Chronic cough

• shortness of breath

• chronic mucus production

• Wheezing

• coughing up blood

• chronic chest pain

Scenario

Mr James is a 68 year old man who p

resents to you for the first time compl

aining of increasing shortness of brea

th on exertion, headache , dizziness a

nd chest pain.

Cardiovascular System

Warning signs of hypertension

• Sweating

• Headache

• Dizziness

• quick exhaustion

• rapid pulse or palpitation

• vision disorder.

Warning signs stroke

F.A.S.T

F- face dropping

A- arm weakness

S- speech difficulties

T- time to call hospital

Cont..

• Numbness or weakness of the face , arm or l

eg Sudden trouble in seeing in one or both

eyes

• Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of

balance or coordination

• Sudden severe headache with no known c

auses

Scenario

The patient is a 41 year-old male who

has a longstanding history of hypertens

ion and diabetes and presents with a co

mplaint of pruritis, lethargy, lower extr

emity edema, nausea and emesis.

Renal system

Warning signs of kidney disease

• Nausea or vomiting

• Weakness or fatigue

• loss of appetite

• trouble sleeping

Cont..

• difficulties in concentrating and poor

school performance,

• weight gain

• swollen feet and ankles puffiness

around eyes

• high blood pressure

Scenario;

12 year old girl came to emergency

with complaint of Vomiting, has not

eaten × 2 days, diarrhea ×3 days

Dehydration

Warning signs of dehydration

• Decreased skin elasticity or turgor

• Restlessness and irritability

• Excessive thirst

• Dry tongue,

• Absent tears, sunken eyes

• less urine output

Warning signs of cancer : Caution

C: Change in bowel or bladder habits.

A: A sore that does not heal.

U: Unusual bleeding or discharge.

T: Thickening in the breast or elsewhere

I: Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing.

O: Obvious change in a wart or mole.

N: Nagging cough or hoarseness

Scenario

Ms. Deepa had fever last week and

now she is complaining of a

persistent pruritic rash throughout

her body.

Leprosy

Warning signs of leprosy

• Hypo pigmented anesthetic patches

• partial or total loss of sensation

• thickened or palpable peripheral nerve

Warning sign in babies

• Low birth weight

• birth injury

• refusal of feeds

• Convulsion

Conti..

• Dyspnoea and apnoea

• Drowsiness

• Hyponatremia

• Discharge from the cord cyanosis

Warning signs in pregnancy

• vaginal bleeding

• convulsions/fits

• severe headaches with blurred vision

• fever and too weak to get out of bed

• severe abdominal pain

Cont..

• Fast or difficult breathing.

• Fever

• Abdominal pain

• Feels ill

• Swelling of fingers, face and legs

Journal

Use of Maternal Early Warning Trigger tool

reduces maternal morbidity:

Primary goal was early assessment and treatmen

t of patients suspected of clinical deterioration.

The tool addressed the 4 most common areas of

maternal morbidity: sepsis, cardiopulmonary

dysfunction, preeclampsia-hypertension, and

haemorrhage

Journal

Warning Symptoms Are Associated With Su

rvival From Sudden Cardiac Arrest :

Of 839 patients with SCA and comprehensive

assessment of symptoms. 50% of them had

warning symptoms mainly chest pain and

dyspnea. Survival rate was higher in those who

asked for help.

Conclusion

Some of disease or illness have their own

unique signs. These signs are very essential

for health professionals to identify and treat

diseases to reduce the burden of mortality and

morbidity.

REFERENCES

1.Heggenhougen, K., & Quah, S. R. (2008).International encyclopedia of public healt

h (Vol. 5). Amsterdam: Elsevier.

2.Kumari, N. (2011). A Text Book of community health nursing. Jalandhar: S.vikas a

nd company (medical ) India

3.Warning signs of lung disease. Retrieved December 2, 2016, from http://www.lung.

org/lung-health-and-diseases/warning-signs-of-lung-disease/?referrer=https://www.g

oogle.co.in/

4.Warning Signs of a Heart Attack. (n.d.). Retrieved December 01, 2016, from http://

www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/HeartAttack/WarningSignsofaHeartAttack/

Warning-Signs-of-a-Heart-Attack_UCM_002039_Article.jsp

5.India. (n.d.). Retrieved December 03, 2016, from http://www.who.int/countries/ind/

en/

6.SIGNS, D., & PREGNANCY (2013). DANGER SIGNS IN PREGNANCY. Retrie

ved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK304178/