Vestibulares 2011 – Centro-Oeste

Vestibulares2011 – Centro-Oeste

www.richmond.com.br

English

Richmond Publishing — Photocopiable material.

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The Posthumous Memoirs of Bras Cubas

Where most novels are concerned with plot and characters, this one is all about structure. The narrative is a chronicle, of sorts, and through its realism and satire, it’s impossible not to think that Machado de Assis is poking fun at(1) the very form he is seeking to embrace. There are many themes at the crux(2) of this work, not least of which is time, and how it relates to the deterioration of people, places, customs, and things. We are instructed to understand that even that which brings us joy is only temporary.

The narrator describes Virgilia as “the great sin of his youth.” It was when she came into his life, he says, that his delirium began. Although Machado de Assis lived in a time when Romanticism in literature was the style du jour, the naturalistic, even sardonic(3) brush with which he paints his characters and scenes is refreshing for its very distinctiveness. Unlike Eça de Queiroz, whom he has been compared to on more than one occasion, Machado tends to parody the melodramatic genre, making light of romance, and treating love scenes with as much sincerity as if they were part of a theatrical skit.

The key to why this book works so well is that it’s a parody of everything it represents. In spite of all the subtexts and literary allusions, it’s worth reading strictly for its satire, as well as for its exceptional prose. It isn’t difficult to see why this is considered to be a landmark novel in the history of Brazilian literature. Never has Machado more deftly(4) conveyed his realization of the vanity of all existence than he does in The Posthumous Memoirs of Bras Cubas.

Disponível em: <http://www.worldliteratureforum.com/forum/showthread.php/10589-Machado-de-Assis-The-Posthumous-Memoirs-Of-Bras-Cubas>. Acesso em: 7 fev. 2011. (Adaptado).

Glossary:

(1) Poke fun at: to say unkind things about somebody/something in order to make other people laugh at them.

(2) Crux: the most important or difficult part of a problem or an issue.

(3) Sardonic: showing that you think that you are better than other people and do not take them seriously.

(4) Deftly: skillfully.

OXFORD ADVANCED LEARNER’S DICTIONARY. 6. ed. Oxford University Press, 2000.

1 According to the text, Machado de Assis

A) has the same romantic style as the Portuguese writer Eça de Queiroz.

B) began his career writing satirical chronicles for important newspapers.

C) was a skillfull prose writer who knew how to depict the brevity of life.

D) wrote different genres such as parodies, novels and plays.

Universidade Estadual de Goiás (UEG) – 2011


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2 Sobre a obra Memórias póstumas de Brás Cubas, o texto afirma que se trata de

A) uma narrativa romanceada sobre a vida de Virgília, a grande paixão do autor.

B) um romance realista, com linguagem satírica, no qual as personagens são retratadas de maneira naturalista.

C) uma obra comparada aos escritos de Eça de Queiroz, por se tratar de uma paródia do gênero melodramático.

D) um marco da literatura brasileira que figura entre as grandes obras da literatura mundial.

Analiseostextos2e3.Asquestões3e4referem-seaeles.

TEXTO 2

Disponível em: <http://www.blackcommentator.com/241/241_images/241_cartoon_us_arms_aid_middle_east_small_over.gif>. Acesso em: 7 fev. 2011.

TEXTO 3

US Arms Sales to Middle East Send Signal to Iran

By Gidon Belmaker

Dating back to the Cold War, American military aid to its Middle Eastern allies(1) has been one of the key factors affecting the power balance in the conflict-filled area.

The US foreign aid policy in the Middle East “evolved over the years from a focus on preventing Soviet influence from gaining a foothold(2) in the region, and from maintaining a neutral stance(3) in the Arab-Israeli conflict, to strengthening Israel’s military and economy, and using foreign aid as an incentive to foster(4) peace agreements between countries in the region,” according to a congressional research service paper on aid to the Middle East. The United States is committed to keeping Israel’s strategic advantage over its neighbors. American aid in the Middle East is distributed to a wide variety of countries, some of which are in conflict with one another. The Saudi ruling(5) family is known for its extreme religious views and was accused in the past of supporting the Palestinian terrorist group Hamas.

Disponível em: <http://www.theepochtimes.com/n2/content/view/45545/>. Acesso em: 7 fev. 2011. (Adaptado).



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Glossary

(1) Allies: countries that have agreed to help and support another country, especially in case of a war.

(2) Foothold: a strong position from which somebody can make progress and achieve success.

(3) Stance: position.

(4) Foster: to encourage something to develop.

(5) Ruling: having control over a particular group or country.

OXFORD ADVANCED LEARNER’S DICTIONARY. 6. ed. Oxford University Press, 2000.

3 Analisando a relação entre os textos 2 e 3, infere-se que eles

A) expressam opiniões favoráveis à política externa norte-americana em relação aos países do Oriente Médio.

B) apresentam pontos de vista antagônicos sobre o papel dos Estados Unidos na busca da paz pelos países do Oriente Médio.

C) são complementares, uma vez que tratam do mesmo tema central: a busca da paz no Oriente Médio mediante o fim dos conflitos militares na região.

D) criticam a ação dos Estados Unidos que pregam a paz no Oriente Médio, enquanto fornecem ajuda militar a países em conflito.

4 Com relação aos elementos estruturais do texto, pode-se afirmar que

A) os verbos preventing, gaining, maintaining e strengthening (segundo parágrafo) encontram-se no gerúndio por estarem precedidos de preposições.

B) outra forma de expressar o que diz a sentença “American aid in the Middle East is distributed to a wide variety of countries” seria: ‘“The Middle East distributes American aid to a wide variety of countries”’.

C) no contexto em que aparece a sentença “It should be honoured”, o verbo modal expressa possibilidade remota e incerteza.

D) na sentença “American military aid to its Middle Eastern allies”, o termo sublinhado refere-se a “American military”.



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TEXTO 4

Disponível em: <http://politicalhumor.about.com/od/middleeast/ig/Middle-East-Cartoons/Mideast-Lesson.-jLe. htm>. Acesso em: 7 fev. 2011.

5 Considering the content of the cartoon, we can say that

A) the character makes a comparison between Eastern and Western cultural aspects in favor of the first.

B) the character’s speech and the images correspond to the idea expressed by the saying “Faith is blind”.

C) the cartoon it is a critique to the rules mentioned by the character because it shows the damaging effects of them.

D) the images corroborate the positive aspects and beneficial effects of the rule: “an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth”.

6 Concerning the linguistic structure of the text, it is correct to affirm that

A) the sentence in the first picture can be an answer to the question: “In the Mideast, what do you believe in?”

B) the sentence in the third picture, in the plural, would be: “If they take a teeth, we take a teeth”.

C) the sentence in the fourth picture, in the past, would be: “If they continued, we’d continued”.

D) the sentence They have already learned their lesson, in the negative form, is: “They haven’t already learned their lesson”.



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Readthecartoon.

Disponível em: <http://www.cartoonstock.com/directory/m/make_small _talk.asp>. Acesso em: 22 set. 2010.

81 The doctor wants to see his secretary in his office because she

A) establishes a quite intimate relationship with his patients.

B) keeps his patients waiting too much time in the waiting room.

C) talks about everything and forgets requesting basic information.

D) spends all the time on blah blah blah and does not work.

E) maintains friendly contact with his patients and charges for it.

Readthefollowingextractandanswerthequestions82,83,84,and85.

The danger of “a single story”

Chimamanda Adichie

I’m a storyteller. […] When I began to write at about the age of 7 […], I wrote exactly the kinds of stories I was reading. All my characters were white and blue-eyed, they played in the snow, they ate apples, they talked about the weather, how lovely it was that the sun had come out. Now this, despite the fact that I lived in Nigeria, I had never been outside Nigeria. We didn’t have snow, we ate mangos, and we never talked about the weather because there was no need to. […] Because all I had read were books in which characters were foreign I had become convinced that books, by their very nature, had to have foreigners in them and had to be about things with which I could not personally identify. Well, things changed when I discovered African books. […] I realized that people like me, girls with skin the colour of chocolate whose kinky hair could not form pony tails, could also exist in literature. I started to write about things I recognized. […] African books saved me from a single story.

Disponível em: <http://www.ted.com/talks/chimamanda_adichie_the_ danger_of_a_single-story.html>. Acesso em: 21 set. 2010. [Excerto]

Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG) – 2011


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82 What type of narrative did Chimamanda Adichie write when she was a child?

A) Myths

B) Romances

C) Mysteries

D) Horror stories

E) Fables

83 Which narrative element does Chimamanda Adichie mention about her first stories?

A) The description of the people.

B) The sequence of events.

C) The struggle between opposing forces.

D) The social themes focused on.

E) The different points of view.

84 Which of the following aspects does Chimamanda Adichie use to describe herself?

A) Age group

B) Food likes

C) Personality type

D) Skin colour

E) Weather preference

85 What “single story” did Chimamanda Adichie believe in when she was a child?

A) European literature is better than African literature.

B) Literary texts are about European people.

C) Nigerian authors do not write about Africa.

D) There are very few Nigerian writers.

E) Children are not able to write good texts.

86 According to Chimamanda Adichie, “The single story creates stereotypes. And the problem with stereotypes is not that they are untrue, but that they are incomplete. They make one story become the only story”. Which of these statements is a stereotype about Nigeria?

A) Nigerian people have a primitive way of living.

B) Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa.

C) English is the main language of Nigeria.

D) Nigeria is an important centre for biodiversity.

E) The majority of the Nigerian population is black.



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Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestions87,88,and89.

“I Love You, But...”

“Honey, I Love You BUT...”

is NOT a declaration of love.

Joy Stevens

Declaration of love, manipulation, power play,

or verbal abuse?

What is it?

It is so sweet and tender to begin a sentence with this declaration of love. After all, it can be said with a smile on the face and innocent patience in the voice.

But is it tender and loving?

No!

It is actually a strategy for power and control by guilt. The “I-love-you-but... person” uses negativity for leverage.

[...]

It can also be quite psychologically damaging, then, to be in a relationship with this person. Your partner is constantly belittling you while hiding behind a guise of love.

You are being manipulated in a power play. You are probably confused and often feeling guilty. You are being verbally abused!

Disponível em: <http://www.cyberparent.com/abuse/but.htm>. Acesso em: 13 set. 2010. [Excerto]

Vocabulárioleverage: poderbelittling: depreciando, deprimindoguise: aparência

87 In the first paragraph the author supports the idea that the declaration “I love you, but...” is manipulative because it can be said with

A) sweet compliments.

B) romantic words.

C) positive attitudes.

D) funny expressions.

E) thoughtful proposals.

88 Taking into account this power relationship where one manipulates the other, which statement is related to the person who is being manipulated?

A) He/she uses negativity as a strategy.

B) He/she remains distant and in control.

C) He/she hides behind a guise of love.

D) He/she feels confused and guilty.

E) He/she gains in power over the other one.



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89 Based on the argument presented in the text, an unconditional declaration of love is:

A) I love you, but unfortunately you’re too jealous.

B) I love you, but family interference is very annoying.

C) I love you, but there is no trust between us.

D) I love you, but our constant arguments worry me.

E) I love you, but above all I respect you.

90 Body language is a form of non-verbal communication, which consists of body posture, gestures, facial expressions, and eye movements. Which picture shows a typical expression of a dreamer who is waiting for a soul mate that will certainly appear at some point?

A) d)

B) e)

C)

Disponível em: <http://www.trendhunter.com/trends/pet-peeves-I-love-you-but-picture-book>. Acesso em: 15 set. 2010.



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Against Death Penalty

Those who judge and condemn say that capital punishment is necessary. Firstly, because it is necessary to remove from the social community a member who has already injured it, and might injure it even more. If that is all, a life sentence would suffice. What is the use of bringing death? You may argue that one might escape from jail — keep better watch, then! Let there be no executioner where the jailer suffices.

One might also say society must avenge itself, society must punish. Neither one nor the other: vengeance is an individual act, and punishment belongs to God. Society is between the two; punishment is above it, vengeance is beneath it. Nothing so great or so small should be in its sphere. Society should not punish in order to avenge itself; it should correct, in order to improve!

The third and last reason remains, the theory of examples. It is imperative to set examples. By the sight of the fate inflicted on criminals, we must shock those who might otherwise be tempted to imitate them! Well; above all, we deny the power of the example. We deny that the spectacle of torment produces the desired effect. Rather than edifying the common people, it demoralizes them and blunts in them all sensibility.

Victor Hugo. Le dernier jour d’un condamné, Paris, Eugène Renduel, 1832. pp XXII e XXIII (adapted).

Accordingtothetextabove,judgethefollowingitems.

1 The pronoun “It” in “It is imperative to set examples” (l.12-13) refers to the phrase “theory of examples” (l.12).

2 Historically, capital punishment has been unanimously held as legitimate and effective.

3 The text presents the risk of inmates escaping from prison as a strong argument against the death penalty.

4 The author argues against the 3 main reasons given by supporters of the death penalty.

5 According to the author, society has no right to condemn a criminal to death because punishment is within God’s sphere.

6 The formula which best expresses the author’s position as to the function of human justice is correct, in order to improve (l.11).

7 In “executioner” (l.5) and “jailer” (l.5), both words present the suffix “-er”, which also appears in teacher, and which conveys the idea of someone who performs such an activity or has such an occupation.

8 The word “Those” in the first line of the first paragraph is used as an element of style. If it were to be deleted, accurate grammar would still be preserved.

9 According to the author, the spectacle of public execution is the most efficient method of stopping potential criminals from committing crimes.

Universidade de Brasília (UnB) – 1o vestibular de 2011

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FIFA Fair Play

The generic concept of fair play is a fundamental part of the game of football. It represents the positive benefits of playing by the rules, using common sense and respecting fellow players, referees, opponents and fans.

The Fair Play Campaign was conceived largely as an indirect result of the 1986 FIFA World Cup™ in Mexico, when the handball goal by Diego Maradona stimulated the admirable reaction of the England coach, Sir Bobby Robson. Since then, the campaign has had the unconditional support of former FIFA President João Havelange and his successor, current President Joseph S. Blatter.

To give fair play more visibility, FIFA created a programme that turned the generic notion into a simple design and an easy to understand code of conduct that could be recognized and respected by players and fans alike.

Fair Play has a fundamental role in sport and there is a need to apply it to all sporting activities, especially children’s. Children need strong values to grow up with, and football, being a team sport, makes them realize how essential discipline, respect, team spirit and fair play are for the game and for life.

Internet: <www.fifa.com> (adapted).

Accordingtothetextabove,judgetheitemsbelow.

10 The clause “To give fair play more visibility” (l.9) expresses the cause of what follows it.

11 In “Since then, the campaign has had the unconditional support of” (l.6-7), the choice of verb tense conveys the idea that the situation was true in the past and still is in the present.

12 If one were to invert the order of the words in “handball goal” (l.5), the meaning of the phrase would remain the same.

13 There is a direct relation between the Fair Play Code and the social code: Playing without causing harm to others.

14 Team sports contribute to children’s social development.

15 Fair Play can be summarized as respect for others and for the rules of the game.

16 Sir Bobby Robson expressed his admiration for Maradona’s handball goal.

17 One can infer from the text that FIFA has had only two presidents from the time the Fair Play campaign was created to when the text was written.

18 Read the following paragraph.

Do not be afraid to stand up to anybody who you are sure is trying to make others cheat or engage in other unacceptable behavior. It is better to expose them and have them removed before they can do any damage. It is equally dishonest to go along with a wrongful act. Do not just say no. Tell the authorities about those misguided persons who are trying to spoil our sport before they can persuade somebody else to commit an illegal act.

The sentence Denounce those who attempt to discredit our sport is a suitable title for the paragraph above.


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Punishment Important in Plant-Pollinator Relationship

Uses Ornamental, nests, shade

How it’s spread

With the aid of animals which eat its fruit such as birds, bats and monkeys

Pollination By a tiny wasp (1 mm to 2 mm long) which lays its eggs inside the flower and, by moving around, pollinates it

Habitat Latin America from Mexico to Colombia

Relevance Its fruit is a very important source of food for forest fauna

Germination The seeds germinate on the branches of other trees, which will serve as their hosts

Fig tree: Ficus costaricana Moraceae Internet: <www.guiascostarica.com> (adapted).

Figs and the wasps that pollinate them present one of biologists’ favorite examples of a beneficial relationship between two different species. In exchange for the pollination service provided by the wasp, the fig fruit provides room and board for the wasp’s developing young. However, wasps do not always pollinate the fig. Fig trees “punish” these “cheaters” by dropping unpollinated fruit, killing the wasp’s offspring inside, report researchers working at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Their results, published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society, show that sanctions against cheaters may be critical to maintain the relationship.

“Relationships require give and take. We want to know what forces maintain this 80-million-year-old arrangement between figs and their wasp pollinators.” said lead author, Charlotte Jandér, who conducted the study as a Smithsonian pre-doctoral fellow. “What prevents the wasps from reaping the benefits of the relationship without paying the costs?”

Some wasp species passively carry pollen that sticks to their bodies. Others actively collect pollen in special pouches. Jandér evaluated the ability of six different fig tree-fig wasp species pairs to regulate cheating. She introduced either a single pollen-free wasp, or a wasp carrying pollen, into a mesh bag containing an unpollinated fig. The wasps entered the figs to lay their eggs. Jandér found that trees often dropped unpollinated figs before young wasps could mature.

“This is really about the all-too-human theme of crime and punishment. We found that in actively pollinated fig species — when wasps expend time and energy to collect and deposit pollen — wasps that did not provide the basic service of pollination were sanctioned. However, in passively pollinated species — when the wasps do not need to make an effort to pollinate — sanctions were absent,” said Allen Herre, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute staff scientist. “Although we still need to clearly understand the costs associated with applying sanctions, it seems like they were only present where needed.”


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“Sanctions seem to be a necessary force in keeping this, and other, mutually-beneficial relationships, on track,” said Jandér. “In our study, we saw less cheating when sanctions were stronger. Similar results have been found among human societies and in social insects. It is very appealing to think that the same general principles could help maintain cooperation both within and between species.”

Internet: <www.sciencedaily.com> (adapted).

Accordingtothetext,judgetheitemsbelow.

19 The ecological relation between the wasp and the fig tree which is referred to in the text can be described as mutualism and reduces the genetic variability in fig tree populations.

20 Even though the fig tree and the wasp belong to different natural kingdoms, they cooperate in each other’s reproductive cycle.

21 The relation between fig trees and wasps bears similarities with that between members of society and its laws.

22 The central theme of the text is the need for each of the parties involved in a given relationship to perform its role.

23 The harshness of the punishment does not interfere in how often the participants follow the rules.

24 Even though the wasps that establish a pollinator relationship with fig trees belong to different species, they utilize the same method of pollination.

25 In the first paragraph, “developing young” (l.4) and “offspring” (l.6) refer basically to the same idea.

26 Jander’s study investigated six species overall.

27 The absence of contractions, such as in “wasps do not always pollinate the fig” (l.4), is one of the features which characterize this text as colloquial.

28 There is not much the fig tree can do against wasps if they do not perform their role as pollinators.

29 Among the animals that contribute substantially to the dispersion of the fruit of the fig tree, one can list a bat that can only be found in the Pantanal of south-western Brazil, and a bird that inhabits the plains of Patagonia, in southern Argentina.


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Thistextreferstoitemsfrom1through7.

One of the main events in recent mankind history is the foundation of the United Nations Organization (UNO/UN). Among its outstanding missions is its commitment to avoid war between nations.

United Nations peacekeeping is a unique and dynamic instrument developed by the Organization as a way to help countries torn by conflict and create the conditions for lasting peace. The first UN peacekeeping mission was established in 1948, when the Security Council authorized the deployment of UN military observers to the Middle East to monitor the Armistice Agreement between Israel and its Arab neighbours. Since then, there have been a total of 64 UN peacekeeping operations around the world.

The term peacekeeping is not found in the United Nations Charter and defies simple definition. Dag Hammarskjöld, the second UN Secretary-General, referred to it as belonging to Chapter Six and a Half of the Charter, placing it between traditional methods of resolving disputes peacefully, such as negotiation and mediation under Chapter VI, and more forceful action as authorized under Chapter VII.

Over the years, UN peacekeeping has evolved to meet the demands of different conflicts and a changing political landscape. The missions consisted of military observers and lightly armed troops with monitoring, reporting and confidence-building roles in support of ceasefires and limited peace agreements. The Brazilian role in Haiti is a worth mentioning example of a peace-making mission.

Internet: <www.un.org> (adapted).

Basedonthetext,judgetheitemsbelow.

1 It is not easy to define “peacekeeping”.

2 More recently a particular type of action has been added to agreed procedures adopted to settle down disagreements.

3 Along the years, UNO missions focused on three actions.

4 Lasting peace cannot be endurable.

5 In 1948, the Security Council engaged troops to fight in the Middle East.

6 The UNO actions for promoting peace have been carried out everywhere all over the world.

7 Based on the text, it can be deduced that

A) peace agreements have long met the requests of different conflicts between those who sign them.

B) military missions are strictly conditioned by political considerations.

C) the term peacekeeping can refer to an attempt to reach an agreement or to more assertive actions.

D) the Brazilian role in Haiti is the same as those played by other nations.



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From the dawn of civilization, mankind has looked toward the stars and wondered. The idea of travel beyond one’s own limited boundary is a concept as old as, well to use an old cliché, as old as time itself. Have you not thought yourself a time or two or many, what it would be like to travel through space? I personally believe that almost everyone on the planet has had this thought. And the dream will remain, as long as mankind can produce rational thought.

Will there be space travel from star to star in the near future? No, that kind of ability is many years and quite possibly a century or two away. But we can always dream and build and challenge our way in that direction.

And as we begin the 21st century, we enter a new arena of space travel. That of commercial space flight enterprise. The era of government control and big budget efforts, when only a select few can fly into space, is coming to an end. Private companies are throwing their hats into the ring to design and manufacture smaller and cheaper spaceships that can take the common man on a sub orbital or even orbital flight.

Internet: <www.space-and-rocket-advisor.com> (adapted).

Basedonthetext,itcanbededucedthat

8 once or even more times, people might have thought of venturing into space.

9 dream and reasoning may not be mutually exclusive.

10 along the 21st century, it will be possible to witness an unheard way of traveling through space.

11 government control over journey into space has come to an end.

12 “are throwing their hats into the ring” (l.13) is the same as are giving up.

13 even before the beginning of civilization humankind has looked forward to traveling through the sky.

14 space traveling goes beyond any human limits.


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Through the advancement of technology nowadays, many things were invented to make our lives easier than it has usually been. Communication is now at its best. Mobile phone is a vital and integral part of our everyday life in this modern age. More than luxury, it is indeed a necessity.

The mobile phone industry is changing fast. The early years were ruled by smart phones based on a simple operating system. These old smart phones did not have advanced features, and they were limited in their functions. The history of the mobile phone has taken a new turn with the introduction of a new generation of smart mobile phones which have replaced old types of smart phones. These new smart phones use adapted operating systems for mobile applications. Just like computers, they allow us to use text and image editors.

The new mobile smart phones offer a wide choice of configurations. They have both a physical keypad and touch screen pads. Typing on these smart phones is much easier when compared to typing on a laptop or PC. With the push of the button or a slight touch, it also allows you to explore mobile phones. It only takes some days of practice to be an expert user of these mobiles. Internet access is the main function of these mobiles. You can download different browsers and browse with the hand set. The new smart phones can be used as a modem which does not require any wires to connect.

Internet: <ezinearticles.com> and <www.articlesnatch.com> (adapted).

Accordingtothetext,itistruetoinferthat

15 outmoded mobile phones have long been a common substitute for the previously existing smart phones.

16 new smart phones typing is not as difficult as that of a laptop or PC.

17 one needs but some days to become a skillful user of the new smart mobile phones mentioned in the text.

18 “browse” (l.17) means access.

19 nowadays mobile phones are in fact one of the basic amenities.

20 at first smart phone operating systems were unable to perform tasks now available in the more up-to-date apparatus.


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It has long been a fascinating puzzle to scientists: Why did our apelike ancestors come down from the trees and develop brains many times larger than they actually needed? Many theories have been discussed, most of which revolve around social cooperation; big brains would have helped our ancestors develop language, make better tools, plan hunting strategies, and pass on complex culture to the next generation.

However, some scientists have pointed out that other animals — chimpanzees and crows, for example — are also able to make and use tools, can communicate adequately to suit their purposes, and live within a matrix of socially intricate relationships. Yet these animals do not possess the enormous brains that humans do, relative to their body size. Therefore, some other factor must have led to our runaway brain growth, and in his 2009 book Catching Fire, biological anthropologist Richard Wranghamm makes a case for cooking. It is not currently known when early hominids began controlling fire and the first discovery of fire was likely accidental.

While it is unclear whether these early fires were used to cook food, fire would have kept predators at bay, allowing our vulnerable ancestors to sleep on the ground, rather than in trees as other apes do. This ground living could explain some of the anatomical changes early hominids eventually underwent, such as the loss of climbing efficiency, and the lengthening of the legs and flattening of the feet, which facilitated upright walking.

Internet: <www.suite101.com> (adapted).

Basedonthetext,itcanbededucedthat

21 the difference between humans’ brain size and that of some other animals can be attributed to the mastering of fire.

22 the human brain is bigger than that of other animals.

23 living on the ground brought about new progress to human beings besides all the progress they had already achieved.

24 not only would fire have driven away our predators, but it would also have helped the advent of Homo erectus.

25 “their” (l.11) refers to “other animals” (l.7).

26 scientists are yet to find out why our monkey-like forefathers gave up living up in trees.

27 it has been concluded that having big brains and living together in society are closely linked.

28 some birds and mammals can bear some similarities with human beings.


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Internet: <www.cartoonstock.com>.

Basedonthecartoonabove,judgetheitemsbelow.

29 Modern technology can be said to have been known among our early ancestors.

30 Both men seem to have trouble getting familiar with the current technology.



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Answer Key

UEG – 2011

1 C 2 B 3 D 4 A

5 C 6 A

UFG – 2011

81 E 82 B 83 A 84 D

85 B 86 A 87 C 88 D

89 E 90 A

UnB – 1o vestibular de 2011

1 E 2 E 3 E 4 C

5 C 6 C 7 C 8 E

9 E 10 E 11 C 12 E

13 C 14 C 15 C 16 E

17 C 18 C 19 E 20 C

21 C 22 C 23 E 24 E

25 C 26 E 27 E 28 E

29 E

UnB – 2o vestibular de 2011

1 C 2 C 3 C 4 E

5 E 6 E 7 C 8 C

9 C 10 C 11 E 12 E

13 E 14 E 15 E 16 C

17 C 18 C 19 C 20 C

21 C 22 E 23 E 24 E

25 C 26 C 27 E 28 C

29 C 30 E

Vestibulares 2011 – Centro-Oeste

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Transcript of Vestibulares 2011 – Centro-Oeste