VEHICULAR EMISSIONS, IT’S EFFECTS & REMEDIES

Under the guidance of

Ms. Chhavi SolankiAstt. Professor

Submitted byAnshu Kumar (1/14/FET/BCI/2/071)

Muzaffar Rashid (1/14/FET/BCI/2/074)Asif Ali Khan (1/14/FET/BCI/2/076)

Ritesh Sankhyan (1/14/FET/BCI/2/090)

INTRODUCTION Vehicular emissions are the

gases released through a vehicle's exhaust system. CO, HC and SOx along with NOx and PM are all harmful vehicle emissions that spew out of the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine.

70% of the total air pollution is caused by vehicles (including emission along with road dust).

Transportation involves the combustion of fossil fuels to produce energy translated into motion. Pollution is created from incomplete combustion of fuel, unburned hydrocarbons or other elements present in the fuel or air during combustion.

OBJECTIVES

To analyze the emission from the vehicles in National Capital Territory (Delhi) . To analyze the effects caused due to Vehicular pollution and its remedies.

LITERATURE REVIEW We have studied number of research papers in which we have selected one of

them. Goyal et al. Springer plus 2013; The vehicular traffic is now recognized as one of the main sources of air

pollution in Delhi (about 70%) and has noticeable impact on air quality. The estimated emissions of (CO), (NOx) and (PM) due to different types of

vehicles in the year 2008–09 are found to be 509, 194 and 15 tons/day respectively.

International journal of advanced research in management and social science; Delhi had 6 lakh vehicles in 1982 that became 20 lakh in 1992, 35 lakh in 2001,

60 lakh in 2009 and 90 lakh in 2016. The present study has interesting findings that pollutants like CO, HC, NOx and

PM have decreased in 2009. In 2002 CO emission is 421.84 tons per day but it decreased in 2009, to 264.55 tons per day, and same trend is found in emission of HC, NOx and PM.

SCOPE The number of vehicles in Delhi have increased drastically over the last decade which has worsened the air quality of Delhi.

This has made Delhi in the list of top 5 polluted city of the world.

The concentration of harmful gases in air have crossed the maximum permissible limit which is effecting the human health as well as plants and animals.

Thus there is a need to find the solution of this problem.

STUDY AREA : DELHI

STUDY AREA LOCATION

Traffic Volume Study

Traffic volume studies are conducted to determine the volume of traffic moving on the roads and classification of roadway vehicles at a particular section during a particular time.

Volume of a day or an hour can vary greatly, depending on the different day of the week or different time period of the day.

Traffic volume survey is the determination of the number, movement and classification of the roadway vehicles at a given location.

VEHICLE-WISE ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND PROJECTIONS (2010-2030)

FUEL CONSUMPTION IN DELHI

Source: Times of India, 17 Dec 2014

EMISSION STANDADRS FOR TWO AND THREE WHEELER VEHICLES

EMISSION NORMS FOR HEAVY DIESEL VEHICLES

AIR QUALITY IN DELHI

EMISSIONS FROM DIFFERENT FIELDS

These pollutants causes many chronic diseases in Humans like respiratory problems, cancer, skin problems and cardiovascular diseases.

This also effects plants as their leaves are withered away because of acid rain, PM covers their stomatal openings due to which their process of photosynthesis fails.

Hydrocarbons (HCs) are made up of unburned or partially burned fuel, and are a major contributor to urban smog, as well as being toxic.

The main risk for buildings and monuments due to vehicular emission causing the soiling of exposed part by deposition of black carbonaceous particles.

EFFECTS OF VEHICULAR EMISSION

EFFECTS OF VEHICULAR EMISSION-1. ENVIRONMENT

EFFECTS OF VEHICULAR EMISSION-2 . HUMANS

POSSIBLE REMEDIES To raise awareness about the effects due to vehicular emission. To encourage people to do more car pooling going on the same

route. To make it mandatory for every organization to provide mass

transport facilities like buses for their staff. Zero-emission vehicle technologies can be used in passenger cars,

trucks and transit buses. Development of new equipments like catalytic converter should be

made to reduce emission. With the introduction of BS VI (Bharat Stage VI) fuel norm and using

of electric and hybrid vehicles, the vehicular emission is to decline by up to 51 percent according to the IIT Kanpur study from 2013-2015.

Strict ban on 10 year old diesel vehicles.

THANKYOU