USTAINABILITY MODELLING FOR ATURAL DISASTER … · Provide universal access for physically...

18
Client logo SUSTAINABILITY MODELLING FOR NATURAL DISASTER AFFECTED CITIES IN JAPAN Sustainable Building 2013 Hong Kong Regional Conference Urban Density & Sustainability 12 -13 September 2013 Dr. Thomas Tang, Ms. Risa Onishi and Ms. Mansi Sachdev AECOM Asia

Transcript of USTAINABILITY MODELLING FOR ATURAL DISASTER … · Provide universal access for physically...

Page 1: USTAINABILITY MODELLING FOR ATURAL DISASTER … · Provide universal access for physically challenged, children and elderly 21. Practise organic and urban agriculture Examples: farmers’

Client logo

SUSTAINABILITY MODELLING FOR NATURAL DISASTER AFFECTED CITIES IN JAPAN

Sustainable Building 2013 Hong Kong Regional Conference

Urban Density & Sustainability 12 -13 September 2013

Dr. Thomas Tang, Ms. Risa Onishi and Ms. Mansi Sachdev AECOM Asia

Page 2: USTAINABILITY MODELLING FOR ATURAL DISASTER … · Provide universal access for physically challenged, children and elderly 21. Practise organic and urban agriculture Examples: farmers’

Client logo

Outline

• Introduction

• Methodology

• Findings

• Discussion

• Conclusions

Page 2

Page 3: USTAINABILITY MODELLING FOR ATURAL DISASTER … · Provide universal access for physically challenged, children and elderly 21. Practise organic and urban agriculture Examples: farmers’

Client logo

Introduction

• On Friday 11th March 2011, a powerful earthquake struck Japan and triggered a massive tsunami off the north east coast in the Sendai area.

• AECOM was commissioned to carry out a review of sustainable cities to find out what models could be applied to rebuild affected cities as well as measures that would revitalize existing Japanese cities.

• Key factors were identified that contribute to the broader vision of sustainable urban development, which would assist urban planning authorities of various cities in Japan.

Page 3

Page 4: USTAINABILITY MODELLING FOR ATURAL DISASTER … · Provide universal access for physically challenged, children and elderly 21. Practise organic and urban agriculture Examples: farmers’

Client logo

Methodology

• Desk top survey of existing city sustainability and environmental performance indices and programs to generate a list of global cities to compare sustainable initiatives.

• Aim was to identify a list of cities with successful sustainability strategies but avoid attempting to collate and rationalize metrics

• 54 cities were selected based on GDP per capita, tourist figures, economic anchor industries, education, transport ridership, recycling, water consumption, carbon emissions per capita, green space per capita and smart growth.

Page 4

Page 5: USTAINABILITY MODELLING FOR ATURAL DISASTER … · Provide universal access for physically challenged, children and elderly 21. Practise organic and urban agriculture Examples: farmers’

Client logo

Distribution of Cities by Location and Size

Page 5

Page 6: USTAINABILITY MODELLING FOR ATURAL DISASTER … · Provide universal access for physically challenged, children and elderly 21. Practise organic and urban agriculture Examples: farmers’

Client logo

Findings

• Resource availability (water and energy are prerequisites) impacts political stability and public security.

• In cities, the economic drivers are key industries and supporting factors such as education, healthcare and housing.

• Environmental protection and provision of space for enjoyment and leisure, serves commercial purpose, and attracts talent.

• Balance between environmental quality (air, water, waste etc.) and economic development

Page 6

Page 7: USTAINABILITY MODELLING FOR ATURAL DISASTER … · Provide universal access for physically challenged, children and elderly 21. Practise organic and urban agriculture Examples: farmers’

Client logo

Findings

• Large cities attract investment and people and have infrastructure to support populations, e.g. efficient public transportation networks.

• Medium cities have a critical size based around a core industry; plus flexible systems to change with market trends and incentives to promote entrepreneurial businesses.

• Small cities focus on niche industries such as tourism or culture with unique resources; in some cases shifting from a sunset industry. Exclusivity is a critical success factor.

Page 7

Page 8: USTAINABILITY MODELLING FOR ATURAL DISASTER … · Provide universal access for physically challenged, children and elderly 21. Practise organic and urban agriculture Examples: farmers’

Client logo

Lessons learnt

October 21, 2013 Presentation Title Page 8

1. Build on local assets Set up focused towns e.g. R&D towns, tourist towns, and university towns

2. Promote green economic development Establish green business programs and green home schemes

3. Attract new investment Ensure family-friendliness through high quality of life and subsidies for

education

4. Local and regional connection Develop flexible and accessible transit systems

5. Multiple modes to enable shift to transport Encourage pedestrianisation as well as alternative and non-motorised

transport modes connected to transit hubs

6. Clean fuels for vehicles Shift to CNG/LPG/Biofuels

7. Other innovative tools and techniques Examples: smart road, congestion pricing, swipe cards, mobile phone

applications and passenger systems, corporation shuttle programs, and car sharing

8. Integrate regional and local planning systems Regional scale planning to coordinate land use planning and

transportation improvements

9. Implement transit oriented development (TOD) Concentrate high intensity development within short walking distance to

transport centres

10. Densify urban core Increase mixed use development at key locations in city along transit lines,

major growth corridors and arterial streets

11. Habitat and agricultural preservation Preserve areas for natural habitats, open space, recreation and agricultural

uses – coordinated with urban development policies

12. Migration and immigration policy Encourage diverse and multi-cultural city populated by dynamic workforce

13. Cut high energy use in buildings Establish government building requirements for new buildings and

retrofitting with incentives for energy efficient appliances supported by energy audits

14. Use of renewable and low carbon energy sources Examples: wind, solar, geothermal, tidal, bio-fuel, hydro-power and waste

energy

15. Innovate and implement green infrastructure Examples: water recycling, rainwater harvesting, waste segregation, waste

pricing, composting, district heating

16. Automated smart management systems Examples: networks, sensors, electronics integrated with computerized

control and communication systems and databases

17. Culture, social events, sporting events and programs Set up vibrant communities where people want to participate e.g. family friendly, green, open spaces, multi-cultural venues

18. Create facilities for healthy communities Set up sports fields, gyms, playgrounds, cycle paths, and walkways

19. Provide world class medical care Provide comprehensive medical facilities as well as childcare and elderly care programmes

20. Designing a differently-abled friendly environment Provide universal access for physically challenged, children and elderly

21. Practise organic and urban agriculture Examples: farmers’ markets, home grown produce, community gardening and organic farms

22. Establish community sustainability champions and departments Promote strong leadership and political will; identify green champions

23. Inform and involve community Examples: public campaigns, advertising and corporate campaigns

24. Habitat restoration Designate restricted areas for repopulating flora and fauna; set up genome banks

Page 9: USTAINABILITY MODELLING FOR ATURAL DISASTER … · Provide universal access for physically challenged, children and elderly 21. Practise organic and urban agriculture Examples: farmers’

Client logo

Lessons learnt

Promoting sustainable economic development

Shifting to sustainable transport

Implementing smart growth planning

Shifting to clean energy

Creating sustainable infrastructure

Employing smart technologies

Creating liveable communities

Encouraging healthy communities

Promoting leadership and awareness

Preserving environmental habitat and open space

13. Cut high energy use in buildings Establish government building requirements for new buildings and

retrofitting with incentives for energy efficient appliances supported by energy audits

14. Use of renewable and low carbon energy sources Examples: wind, solar, geothermal, tidal, bio-fuel, hydro-power and waste

energy

15. Innovate and implement green infrastructure Examples: water recycling, rainwater harvesting, waste segregation, waste

pricing, composting, district heating

16. Automated smart management systems Examples: networks, sensors, electronics integrated with computerized

control and communication systems and databases

17. Culture, social events, sporting events and programs Set up vibrant communities where people want to participate e.g. family friendly, green, open spaces, multi-cultural venues

18. Create facilities for healthy communities Set up sports fields, gyms, playgrounds, cycle paths, and walkways

19. Provide world class medical care Provide comprehensive medical facilities as well as childcare and elderly care programmes

20. Designing a differently-abled friendly environment Provide universal access for physically challenged, children and elderly

21. Practise organic and urban agriculture Examples: farmers’ markets, home grown produce, community gardening and organic farms

22. Establish community sustainability champions and departments Promote strong leadership and political will; identify green champions

23. Inform and involve community Examples: public campaigns, advertising and corporate campaigns

24. Habitat restoration Designate restricted areas for repopulating flora and fauna; set up genome banks

1. Build on local assets Set up focused towns e.g. R&D towns, tourist towns, and university towns

2. Promote green economic development Establish green business programs and green home schemes

3. Attract new investment Ensure family-friendliness through high quality of life and subsidies for

education

4. Local and regional connection Develop flexible and accessible transit systems

5. Multiple modes to enable shift to transport Encourage pedestrianisation as well as alternative and non-motorised

transport modes connected to transit hubs

6. Clean fuels for vehicles Shift to CNG/LPG/Biofuels

7. Other innovative tools and techniques Examples: smart road, congestion pricing, swipe cards, mobile phone

applications and passenger systems, corporation shuttle programs, and car sharing

8. Integrate regional and local planning systems Regional scale planning to coordinate land use planning and

transportation improvements

9. Implement transit oriented development (TOD) Concentrate high intensity development within short walking distance to

transport centres

10. Densify urban core Increase mixed use development at key locations in city along transit lines,

major growth corridors and arterial streets

11. Habitat and agricultural preservation Preserve areas for natural habitats, open space, recreation and agricultural

uses – coordinated with urban development policies

12. Migration and immigration policy Encourage diverse and multi-cultural city populated by dynamic workforce

Page 10: USTAINABILITY MODELLING FOR ATURAL DISASTER … · Provide universal access for physically challenged, children and elderly 21. Practise organic and urban agriculture Examples: farmers’

Client logo

Discussion

GovernmentFirm Strategy, Structure and

Rivalry

Demand Conditions

Related & Supporting Industries

Factor Conditions

Chance

Government can influence the supply

conditions of key production factors,

demand conditions in the home market, and competition between

firms

Factor conditions are human resources,

physical resources, capital resources and

infrastructure

Chance events are occurrences that are

outside of control of a firm. They are important

because they create discontinuities in which some gain competitive

positions and some lose.

Firm strategy, structure and rivalry determine the way in which companies are created, set

goals and are managed. The presence of intense rivalry in the home base is also

important; it creates pressure to innovate in order to upgrade competitiveness.

Demand conditions in the home market can help

companies create a competitive advantage, when sophisticated home market

buyers pressure firms to innovate faster and to create more advanced competitors than those of competitors.

Related & supporting industries can produce inputs which are important for

innovation & internalisation. These industries provide cost-effective inputs, and they participate in the upgrading

process, thus stimulating other companies in the chain to innovate

Porter’s Diamond Model

Page 10

Page 11: USTAINABILITY MODELLING FOR ATURAL DISASTER … · Provide universal access for physically challenged, children and elderly 21. Practise organic and urban agriculture Examples: farmers’

Client logo

Tourism/Outdoor

GovernmentFirm Strategy, Structure and

Rivalry

Demand Conditions

Related & Supporting Industries

Factor Conditions

Chance

Government can provide land, public infrastructure, subsidies and tax breaks.

Also set up school of hospitality to train local

labour force. Also set up museums, libraries,

cultural centres.

Natural resources e.g. slopes, marine areas, hot springs.

Opportunities are: favourable currency exchange rates.

Threats are: Climate change affecting

natural resources.

Emphasis on service quality. May leverage on technology applications for

marketing and operation efficiency.

Domesticated international tourists

drive up service quality standards.

Culture and heritage industries can co-exist with tourism. Also support service

industries such as hospitality, F&B, transport, cottage craft.

Porter’s Diamond Model

Page 11

Page 12: USTAINABILITY MODELLING FOR ATURAL DISASTER … · Provide universal access for physically challenged, children and elderly 21. Practise organic and urban agriculture Examples: farmers’

Client logo

College Town

GovernmentFirm Strategy, Structure and

Rivalry

Demand Conditions

Related & Supporting Industries

Factor Conditions

Chance

Government can provide land, public infrastructure to support citizens. Also

set up museums, libraries. Also make it conducive for

philanthropic donations.

Established academic institutions. Strong brand

and reputation. Good quality of campus life.

Opportunities are: Investment interest by

companies to seek talent from pool of academics.

Threats are: Technology providers

offering online courses.

Emphasis on academic excellence. May leverage on commercial applications of

academic research e.g. business schools, research parks.

Domestic and international

education seekers will insist on a high

qualityof academic excellence.

Culture and heritage industries can co-exist with

education. Also support service industries like book stores, F&B, entertainment.

Porter’s Diamond Model

Page 12

Page 13: USTAINABILITY MODELLING FOR ATURAL DISASTER … · Provide universal access for physically challenged, children and elderly 21. Practise organic and urban agriculture Examples: farmers’

Client logo

Agriculture

GovernmentFirm Strategy, Structure and

Rivalry

Demand Conditions

Related & Supporting Industries

Factor Conditions

Chance

Government can provide land, public

infrastructure, subsidies and tax

breaks to local firms. Also set up school

of agriculture to train local labour force.

Strong farming background, lush and fertile land.

Unique and distinctive food

products.

Opportunities are: Use of technology to improve

efficiency. Threats are: climate

change, blight.

Emphasis on traditional farming knowledge. Leverage on supply chains to get produce to retail

outlets.

Healthy lifestyle seekers and organic food devotees will be

highly selective on choice of food.

Culture and heritage industries can co-exist with

farming. Also support service industries like event management, F&B,

hospitality, retail outlets, cottage craft.

Porter’s Diamond Model

Page 13

Page 14: USTAINABILITY MODELLING FOR ATURAL DISASTER … · Provide universal access for physically challenged, children and elderly 21. Practise organic and urban agriculture Examples: farmers’

Client logo

Knowledge-Based

GovernmentFirm Strategy, Structure and

Rivalry

Demand Conditions

Related & Supporting Industries

Factor Conditions

Chance

Government can provide public

infrastructure, and tax breaks to individuals.

Critical mass of retired

professionals. Housing and living conditions above

average.

Opportunities are: Industrial

revolution/technology wave.

Threats are: Financial crisis.

Emphasis on knowledge and intellectual offerings. Leverage

on technology enablers.

Demand from local industries seeking knowledge transfer will be choosy on service providers.

ICT industries. Business centres.

Porter’s Diamond Model

Page 14

Page 15: USTAINABILITY MODELLING FOR ATURAL DISASTER … · Provide universal access for physically challenged, children and elderly 21. Practise organic and urban agriculture Examples: farmers’

Client logo

Applicability of Findings

Page 15

Issue Proposed Solution

Japan has potential tourism destinations that

are not fully recognized due to transportation

and branding shortcomings.

Promotion of local festivals (matsuri) may be a

new industry in the rural areas.

Small Japanese cities are losing populations to

bigger cities, leaving behind the aged

population affecting the tax revenue and

increased healthcare/social welfare fees.

Densifying the urban core for bonding different

kinds of people e.g. different generations to

help each other and develop security and

disaster prevention practices.

Fukushima incident has highlighted Japan’s

energy vulnerability and cities need to harness

renewable energy, with help from municipal

governments.

New feed-in tariff scheme is expected to

accelerate the implementation of renewable

energy in Japan.

More buildings and products will be expected

to be energy efficient

District cogeneration facilities that provide

steam and hot water.

Growing ageing population and declining birth

rate is declining causing need for facilities and

transportation.

Daily exercise opportunities for both young and

elderly as preventive measure to decrease

expenditure on healthcare

Need for disaster prevention systems Smart technology applied as earthquake-

absorbing structures and systems for

uninterruptible power supply.

Page 16: USTAINABILITY MODELLING FOR ATURAL DISASTER … · Provide universal access for physically challenged, children and elderly 21. Practise organic and urban agriculture Examples: farmers’

Client logo

Priorities for Japanese Cities

Page 16

High

Medium

Low

Key

Health Eco Tourism Energy Disaster

Less

on

s le

arn

t 1. Build on local existing assets

2. Promoting green economic development

3. Attracting new investment

4. Local and regional connections and management planning

5. Multiple modes to enable shift to transit

6. Clean fuels for vehicles

7. Other innovative tools and techniques

8. Integrating the regional and local planning system

9. Implementing transit oriented development (TOD)

10. Densifying the urban core

11. Habitat and agricultural preservation

12. Migration and immigration policy

13. Cutting high energy use in buildings

14. Use of renewable and low-carbon energy sources

15. Innovate and implement green energy structure

16. Automated smart management systems

17. Culture, social events, sporting events and programs

18. Creating facilities for healthy communities

19. Providing world class medical care

20. Designing a disabled friendly environment

21. Practising organic and urban agriculture

22. Establish community sustainability champions and

departments

23. Inform and involve the community

24. Habitat restoration

Page 17: USTAINABILITY MODELLING FOR ATURAL DISASTER … · Provide universal access for physically challenged, children and elderly 21. Practise organic and urban agriculture Examples: farmers’

Client logo

Conclusions

• Transformation has been brought about by radical changes

in the local industries or the need for revitalization; in other

cases, changes have been evolutionary e.g. farming

practices shifting from self-sufficiency into commercial.

• Some cities have adapted natural resources and

developed synergistic industries around outdoor activities

along the entire value chain.

• Cluster effect raises industry standards; quality of products

and services is guaranteed, prices are competitive and

choices are wider.

• Supporting facilities of land, education and public transit.

Government policies and investment in these supporting

facilities are essential if the city is to succeed

Page 17

Page 18: USTAINABILITY MODELLING FOR ATURAL DISASTER … · Provide universal access for physically challenged, children and elderly 21. Practise organic and urban agriculture Examples: farmers’

Client logo

THANK YOU [email protected]

Page 18