Usii.5 notes

USII.5: Late 19th Century to World War I

Lisa Pennington

Social Studies Instructional Specialist

Portsmouth Public Schools

Vocabulary

• Yellow journalism: publishing of exaggerated and/or made up news stories to attract readers and influence their ideas.

• Imperialism: practice of establishing and controlling colonies.

• Dollar Diplomacy: U.S. policy in the early 1900’s of investing money in Latin American countries in the hopes that more stable governments would develop.

Vocabulary

• Gunboat Diplomacy: policy of making a show of force to prevent both Latin American instability and European interference in the Western Hemisphere.

The Spanish American War

• The United States emerged as a world power as a result of victory over Spain in the Spanish American War.

The Spanish American War

• Economic interests and public opinion often influence U.S. involvement in international affairs.

Reasons for the Spanish American War

• Protection of American business interests in Cuba.

• What kinds of businesses was the U.S. trying to protect?

• (coffee and sugar)


• American support of Cuban rebels to gain independence from Spain.

• Why do you think Americans supported the Cuban rebels?

http://cordova.lib.il.us/Vet-spanishAmerican.jpg


• "WARSHIP MAINE WAS BLOWN UP . . . HAVANA . . . FEB. 15 . .."

16 February 1898, State Journal

• Rising tensions as a result of the sinking of the U.S.S. Maine in Havana Harbor.


• Exaggerated news reports of events (yellow journalism)

http://nhs.needham.k12.ma.us/cur/Baker_00/2001_p4/baker_rb_kk_cl_p4/exflag.jpg

Results of the Spanish American War

• The United States emerged as a world power.

• How did the United States emerge as a world power? Who did they defeat?


• Cuba gained independence from Spain.

http://www.cubaflags.com/images/cuban-flag-old.jpg


• The United States gained possession of the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico.

http://www.solarnavigator.net/geography/geography_images/Philippines_physical_map.jpg


http://images.nationmaster.com/images/motw/americas/puerto_rico.jpg

http://kiteboardingguam.andrewsupdates.com/images/guam_map_kitespots.jpg

Results of the Spanish American Warhttp://www.tcnj.edu/~miller47/world%20map.jpg

Cuba

Pue

rto R

ico

Philippines

Guam

Vocabulary

• Roosevelt Corollary: policy that extended the Monroe Doctrine and said the U.S. had the right to force countries in the Western Hemisphere to pay their debts in order to prevent European interference.

• Rough Riders: a group of cowhands, college students, and African American soldiers who fought with Teddy Roosevelt in the Spanish American War, who charged San Juan Hill.

Vocabulary

• Big Stick Diplomacy: Teddy Roosevelt’s belief that if you show that you are strong, no one will pick on you. “Big Stick” equaled a big navy.

• Monroe Doctrine: President Monroe’s U.S. policy that no future European colonization could take place in North or South America.

The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine

• Asserted the United States right to interfere in economic matters of nations in the Americas.

• Claimed the United States right to exercise international police power.

http://www.lahsapgov.com/images/tr_big_stick.gif

The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine

• Advocated Big Stick Diplomacy (building the Panama Canal)

• How is the Roosevelt Corollary an example of the United States’ new position as a world power?

https://wikis.nyu.edu/ek6/modernamerica/uploads/Imperialism.EffectsOfTheRooseveltCorollary/PanamaMap.gif

Vocabulary

• Nationalism: feelings of loyalty and pride people have for their country.

• Alliance: group of countries that share allegiance to each other through treaties.

• Imperialism: nations built colonies in varied areas of the world which created resentment in other nations.

• Lusitania: British passenger ship sunk by German u-boats in 1915. Americans were among the 1,200 who died.

Vocabulary

• Balance of power: groups of countries that have equal power.

• U-boats: German submarines.• Zimmerman note: document that showed

that Germany was trying to make an alliance with Mexico in 1917.

• Sussex Pledge: promise by Germany during WWI not to sink passenger or merchant ships.

Vocabulary

• Treaty of Versailles: 1919; ended WWI.

• League of Nations: peace keeping plan developed by Woodrow Wilson in 1920. It was point 14 of the 1918 Fourteen Points speech to Congress. It consisted of a General Assembly of representatives of countries who were required to protect one another’s territories against attack.

Vocabulary

• Isolationism: the U.S. should not become involved in foreign affairs, nor should the U.S. allow other countries to become involved in our affairs.

• Self-determination: people should decide for themselves what nation they belong to.

• Reparations: money paid by defeated nations as payment for wrongs, damages, or injuries suffered by other nations during a war.

U.S. Involvement in World War I

• The United States involvement in World War I ended a long tradition of avoiding involvement in European conflicts and set the stage for the United States to emerge as a global superpower later in the 20th century.

• There were disagreements about the extent to which the United States should isolate/separate itself from world affairs.

Reasons for U.S. involvement in war

• Inability to remain neutral. (1917)

• German submarine warfare: the sinking of the Lusitania. (1915)

• U.S. political and economic ties to Great Britain.

http://www.shapesoftime.net/FileSystem/upfile/j00013/lusitania2.jpg

http://www.uidaho.edu/student_orgs/arthurian_legend/england/sites/images/ENGLAND.gif

Reasons for U.S. Involvement in war

• The Zimmerman Telegram

• This document showed that Germany was trying to make an alliance with Mexico in 1917.

• Why was the telegram a threat to the U.S.? How is that threat depicted in the cartoon?

http://rutlandhs.k12.vt.us/jpeterso/MOREWW1/ZMMRMN.JPG

Major Allied Powers

• Great Britain

http://www.hertfordshire.com/pages/maps/images/great-britain-map.gif

Major Allied Powers

• France

http://www.francegetaways.com/images/maps/france_main.jpg

Major Allied Powers

• Russia

http://atlas.mapzones.com/russia/russia.jpg

Major Allied Powers

• Serbia

http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/europe/serbia.jpg

Major Allied Powers

• Belgium

http://www.state.gov/cms_images/map_belgium.jpg

Central Powers

• Germany

http://www.acu.edu/academics/cas/fl/german/german/a1914eu.gif

Central Powers

• Austria-Hungary

http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=64951&rendTypeId=4

Central Powers

• Bulgaria

http://www.mapsofworld.com/bulgaria/maps/bulgaria-map.jpg

Central Powers

• Ottoman Empire

http://www.emersonkent.com/map_archive/ottoman_empire_1914.htm

Allied Powers vs. Central Powers

http://freepages.military.rootsweb.com/~worldwarone/WWI/TheGeographyOfTheGreatWar/images/Figure19-Page22-sm.jpg

U.S. Leadership as the War Ended

• At the end of World War I, President Woodrow Wilson prepared a peace plan known as the Fourteen Points that called for the formation of the League of Nations, a peace-keeping organization.

http://www.archives.gov/calendar/images/woodrow-wilson.jpg

U.S. Leadership as the War Ended

• The United States decided not to join the League of Nations.

• Why did the U.S. decide not to join the League of Nations? Who did join? Is it really a peacekeeping organization if not all nations have joined?

http://library.thinkquest.org/C008616/site/pics/League%20of%20Nations%20opening%20session.jpg

The opening session of the League of Nations.

Usii.5 notes

Education

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