URINARY SYSTEM BY

SUDARSHANA ELAPATHA

is the urinary system

The main system which

carries out Nitrogenous Excretion

THE MAIN NITROGENOUS PRODUCTS

urea and uric acidare

the main nitrogenous products

resulting from filteration in the kidneys

Urea and uric acid are formed

in the liver as a result of

breaking down of excess amino acids and other nitrogenous compounds.

PROCESS OF URINE FILTERATION

1) Blood in the renal artery enters the kidney

2) Urine is filtered out and blood enters the renal veins

3) Filtered urine moves along ureters and enter the bladder

4) Urine is passed out when bladder is filled

Process of urine filteration by urinary system is sequenced as follows

Principle organ which is involved in

nitrogenous excretion is

the kidney.

Each kidney contains

approximately one million nephrons which are the

units for filteringurine.

INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF KIDNEY

Renal cortex

Renal medulla

Renal vein

Ureter

Renalpyramid

Renal pelvis

STRUCTURE OF NEPHRON

Bowmann'scapsule

Glomerulus

Distalconvoluted tubule

Loop of Henle

Collecting duct

Proximal convolutedtubule

Glomerular filtrate

SUB UNITS OF A NEPHRON

Bowman's capsule with glomerulus

Proximal convoluted tubule

Loop of Henle

Distal convoluted tubule

Bowman's capsule together with glomerulus

of nephrons are embedded

in the renal cortex

which is dark brown in colour .

to drain into Bowmann's capsule.

GLOMERULUSRenal artery branches into finer arteries and narrows abruptly forming

a dense network of capillaries

called glomerulus.

High pressure maintained in the glomerulus enables the fluid excluding blood cells and plasma proteins of the glomerular filtrate

The section which is closer to the collecting duct is called

the distal convoluted tubule.

The section of convoluted tubule closer to Bowmann's capsule is called

the proximal convoluted tubule

The part of the nephron which is shaped like a loop is termed

loop of Henle.

LOOP OF HENLE

REABSORBTIONfrom the fluid that enters Bowman's capsule

Glucose Amino acids Vitamins and all hormones

80% of salt and water

Is reabsorbed by the convoluted tubules and loop of Henle in renal cortex

COLLECTING DUCTS

collecting ducts of nephrons are arranged into pyramid shaped clusters and open into

the pelvis of the kidney

Urine filtered out from nephrons enter into

Collecting ducts

ureters originate from pelvis

URETERS

PREVENT DISEASES RELATED TO URINARY

SYSTEM

STONES IN KIDNEY AND/OR BLADDER

due to inadequate intake of water,

regular intake of food high in salt and acids ,

abstaining from passing urine when needed and

intake of certain medications for prolonged durations.

Prolonged high blood pressure results in the malfunctioning of kidneys

INFLAMMATION OF KIDNEY

may result through bacterial infection.

When renal failure occurs a kidney from a person with compatible blood and tissues can be transplanted.

m%udKj;a f,i c,h mdkh fkd lsÍu" ks;r ,jK yd wï, wêl wdydr mdk .ekSu"

wjYH;djg wkjq u;Q % mgs fkd lÍs u yd È. = ld,kS j iuyr T!IO Ndú;h kis d jDllalala j,

yd u;Q;Q d% Yfh a ., a we; s úh yel s h'

wêl reêr mSvkh È.= l,la mej;Su jDlal l%shdldß;ajhg ndOd muqKqj hs'

nelàa ßhd u`.ks a jDlla wdidokh ùu kis d jDllalala m%o%odyh we; s úh yel s h'

jDlal wl¾uKH jQ úg reêrh yd mgl .e,efmk mqoa.,hl= f.ka ,nd .;a jDlalhla noaO lsÍu isÿ l< yels h'