Mitchell Lloyd

URP 508

02/06/2012

Dr. Santos

URBAN DESIGN Ideologies

Sao Paulo, BrazilPre-Industrial Age

Culture of farmers grow coffee, sugar and fruits

During

Major important during exports hotspot during WWII for manufactured products for Europe

Big tax advantages given to companies for relocation manufacturing plants

Mass immigrants migration (Italians, Japanese, Syrian, Lebanese)

Post-Industrial Age

Large presents of foreign corporations

Continent’s Financial center (Sao Paulo Stock Exchange); research centers

Luxury goods and department stores “Luxury Quadrilateral”

Tiffany & Co., Parda, Luis Vuitton, Chanel, Sheraton, Hilton, Hyatt, Ferrari, Aston Martin, Bugatti, Lamborghini, BMW etc…

10th richest city, 10th expensive city to live, pass London, Paris, Milan, NYC

Stuttgart, GermanyPre-Industrial

Stuttgart largest wine growing city in Germany

28,470 acres of vineyard country included several beer breweries

Counts of Wurttemberg rule; Holy Roman Empire

During

Nazi rule – Jew deportation

Main Station(Central Station) regional – long distance railway

WWII Royal Air Force severely bombed Stuttgart; dropping 184,000 bombs on the city leveling it

Occupied by French then American troops, remains a command post for US troops

Post-Industrial

“Cradle of the Automobile”

Home to companies – Daimler AG, Porsche, Bosch, Hewlett-Packard, IBM

Production of cars like Mercedes-Benz, Porsche, Maybach

High density of scientific, academic, research – number of patents, research institutions

Cupertino, CaliforniaPre-Industrial

Small rural village in Santa Clara until Inc. in 1955

Fruit agriculture – prune, plum, apricot and cherry orchards

Held a winery on Montebello Ridge

During

Railroad, electric railways and dirt roads made it easy to take advantage of the natural resources that were available; aggregate rock quarry and cement plants turned up

Large cement companies was the largest employers for decades

Post-Industrial

High-tech age led to emerging Silicon Valley as the “Center of the High Universe”

Cupertino natives – Steve Jobs and Steve Woznick led the revolution as founders of Apple Inc. and HQ in Cupertino

Over 60 tech companies operate in Cupertino and provide great financial benefits to the city

Asian immigrants make up over half of the population

Coloma, CaliforniaPre-Industrial

First home to native tribes and villages

Later displacement by European exploration

During

James W. Marshall at Sutter's mill – First place gold was found

Brought 300,000 people to the area and much of CA – Gold seekers (49ers)

Squatters took most of the land as the major was unsettled

Post-Industrial

Ghost town population just over 500

Mostly museums and historical tourism from the Gold Rush

Rafting and kayaking attraction

Moscow, Russia Pre-Industrial

Under Czar control

1905 instated Mayor of city

During

Military hotspot

WWII - USSR/Soviet Union controlled

Leading producers of military/ civil helicopters

Post-Industrial

Watch makers

Natural gas provided

Tech companies

Water transport used most for entertainment

Heavy interest in space travel and intelligent

Heavily importance placed on roadways

Robert Moses “The Shaper”Most polarizing figure in urban planning history

Favored highways over public transit which sped up urban sprawl

Head of numerous public authorities allowing him access to millions of public dollars with little or no approval from legislative bodies critics credit Moses to the destruction of traditional neighborhoods and caused hundreds of thousands displacement

The GoodTriborough Bridge (Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Bridge)

Three separate spans that connect Manhattan, Queens, the Bronx

Generate tool revenues used to subsidy the transit authority and railways

The BadBrooklyn Battery Bridge/Tunnel

Link between Brooklyn and Lower Manhattan

Planned to be a bridge or tunnel was up for debate

City experts say a bridge would destroyed Battery Park and physically encroached on the financial district

Many opposed the bridge option like high society players, the Mayor, the Governor, and financial sector players

Moses believe a bridge would carry more traffic and would serve as a visible monument

President Roosevelt seal the case for the tunnel with his in endorsement banning Moses idea of a bridge

The UglyBrooklyn Dodgers

Owner of the Brooklyn Dodgers, Walter O'Malley, wanted to build a new stadium in Brooklyn for the team. Unlike O’Malley, Moses planned to build a parking garage in the every space O’Malley was pursuing. Moses offered O’Malley a site in Queens which he forcibly opposed. Moses ultimately won the clash between the two eventually build his parking garage. But the city lose in the end, New York’s two baseball franchise to Los Angeles and San Francisco, respectively.

“All that is solid melts into the air”Marshall Berman articulates modernity as “a maelstrom of perpetual disintegration and renewal.

Causes a split in perception of reality “you cant have the good without the bad”.

Modernity is a balancing act in a constantly change environment

Berman advocates against the lack of empathy and faith in modern man to be capable of response, judgment, and action in the world

Critics suggest modern day man find their soul in their automobiles, homes and tech products.

Contradictory forces that inspire and torment us

“our desire to be rooted the in a stable and coherent person and social past which conflicts with our desire for limitless growth; a growth which enriches the future while destroying the solidities of the past

Conventional Suburban Developments Separation of private residences from and commercial

and industrial to focus on low density single family detach houses as preferred homes with American families.

Movement away from urban living

Separation of people from their work, shopping and recreational from their home culture of automobile dependency.

Urban Ghettos Section of city pre-dominantly occupied by a group of

people who lives there Overcrowded areas where ethnic/racial populations

living below the poverty line Jews/Irish/German were the first in American Ghettos

then large amount of southern and eastern Europe immigrants (Italians and Poles)

The Great Migration – thousands of blacks left the south seeks jobs, escape of racism and purse of the perception of a better life in the North.

Mostly poverty stricken high crime rates dilapidated houses and deteriorating projects.

Public Housing Neighborhood Initially it was just building standards Early public housing was aim at working middle class

families After The Great Depression and Interstate Act led to

thousands without housing options initiatives around subsidized income based housing allows groups of people housing

In the begin was low-rise building but after WWII switch gears to massive muilt-story high rise homes

HUD’s revitalization efforts addressed concerns of distressed and blighted buildings

Crime major concerns - One strike you're out low

Enable the convicted of tenants linked to crimes, drug, prostitution

Squatters Occupying abandon or occupied space without

permission Slums or shanty towns – self constructed housing w/o

landowner’s permission; usually on the outer skirts of cities

Little to no infrastructure – sewage, running water In Western Nations, sometimes used as political

statement Look at as liberals, taking matters into their own hands US – squatting laws, mostly low income, homeless,

street gangs, artists, foreclosed homes Canada/ Mexico – squatter transfer of property rights if

land squatted for five years or more

High Density Central Business District High-end commercial/ retail/ office building The CBD closely reflects the history of the city in its

architecture and collection of building Small residents populations, usually younger

professional and business workers in apartments of lofts

Usually home to the Financial district Sports & Entertainment location Large high-rise building Location here are valuable because of the accessibility

to large populations

ConclusionThere only few industrial cities left in the world. Most cities has transitioned to a variety of industries, become more complex and diverse. The complex industries and the High-Tech age has led to increase of Asian and European immigrants to countries to work in these new industries.

Robert Moses while making some improvements caused concerns and afraid to the citizens of New York and headed the change of majority power and control of taxpayer monies.

Marshall Berman focuses on the culture of human beings being second guessed for their actions and the chose of motorized transport over a more compacted lifestyle.

The interaction of people and buildings are important and suggest trends of people actions to actively inhabit the environment.

Thanks!!

QUESTIONS ???

Sources

Scheifele, Kris. (Jan. 2012). “All That Is Solid Melts Into Air: Simone Jones at Ronald Feldman”. Artcritical. Chittom, Thom. (Aug. 2005). “All That Is Solid Melts into Summary”. In-fractionKunstler, James (1998). “Home from nowhere: remaking our everyday world for the twenty-first century. A Touchstone book. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster. p.28Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online DictionaryKeating, William (1994). “The Suburban Racial Dilemma: Housing and Neighborhoods”. Temple University Press.New Urban News (2002). “Hope VI funds new urban neighborhoods”. Better! Cities & Towns Online.Neuwirth, R. (2004). Shadow Cities: A Billion Squatters, A New Urban World, Routledge.Downtowns: Where the lights aren’t bright. (2007). The Economist.Goldberger, Paul (1981). “Robert Moses, Master Builder, is Dead at 92”. The New York Times.Ballon, Hilary (2007), Robert Moses and the Modern City: The Transformation of New York. Norton.http://www.cupertino.org/index.aspx?page=991Brooke, Caroline. (2006). Moscow: A Cultural History. Oxford University Press.Wikipedia – Sao Paulo - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo