Differing Differing IdeologiesIdeologies

Where did Ideologies come Where did Ideologies come from?from?

Thomas HobbesThomas HobbesBelieved: Believed: Humans are born with reasonHumans are born with reason

If people had no governance, then If people had no governance, then people would constantly fight amongst people would constantly fight amongst themselves.themselves.

A life without order would be “nasty, A life without order would be “nasty, brutish, and short.”brutish, and short.”

Peace can only be maintained if ever Peace can only be maintained if ever person agrees to give up the right to person agrees to give up the right to govern themselves and give total power govern themselves and give total power to someone or a particular group.to someone or a particular group.

People must promise complete People must promise complete obedience in return for order and obedience in return for order and securitysecurity

The best government is the one that has The best government is the one that has absolute power (total power)absolute power (total power)

People should not rebel even if their People should not rebel even if their leader is a tyrant.leader is a tyrant.

John LockeJohn Locke

“All mankind... being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty or possessions.” “All mankind... being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty or possessions.”

Human mind is a blank tablet at birthHuman mind is a blank tablet at birth

Human nature is good- if the Human nature is good- if the government did not exist people would government did not exist people would be reasonable and would co-operate be reasonable and would co-operate with one anotherwith one another

Felt that humans possessed “natural Felt that humans possessed “natural rights” of life, liberty, and property and rights” of life, liberty, and property and it is the governments responsibility to it is the governments responsibility to protect these rightsprotect these rights

Citizens have a natural right to rebel Citizens have a natural right to rebel against a government that does not against a government that does not respect the rights of its citizensrespect the rights of its citizens

The government holds power by the The government holds power by the permission of its citizens and permission of its citizens and maintains power as long as it governs maintains power as long as it governs in the best interest of its citizens.in the best interest of its citizens.

VoltaireVoltaire “I do not agree with a word you say but I will defend to the death your right to say it.”“I do not agree with a word you say but I will defend to the death your right to say it.”

Believed change happened Believed change happened slowlyslowly

He did not believe that people He did not believe that people could govern themselvescould govern themselves

Hope for a good monarch (ruler-Hope for a good monarch (ruler-king) who was enlightened king) who was enlightened (open minded to change)(open minded to change)

Law should protect the weak Law should protect the weak from the strong.from the strong.

Education, intelligence, and Education, intelligence, and work should be rewarded- NOT work should be rewarded- NOT class.class.

Jean Jacques RousseauJean Jacques Rousseau“ Man is born free and everywhere is in chains”“ Man is born free and everywhere is in chains”

People are not naturally human- they People are not naturally human- they need interaction in a society to learn need interaction in a society to learn how to become human.how to become human.

Nice people must be protected from a Nice people must be protected from a corrupt society.corrupt society.

Believed that people were equal and Believed that people were equal and that titles of rank should be abolished that titles of rank should be abolished in society.in society.

The government must serve the The government must serve the “general will.” (what the majority of “general will.” (what the majority of the people want)the people want)

The community should vote on The community should vote on decisions and everyone would accept decisions and everyone would accept the decision of the whole.the decision of the whole.

Thought that in an ideal society people Thought that in an ideal society people could make agreements with one could make agreements with one another and no ruler was necessary. another and no ruler was necessary.

Montesquieu Montesquieu “The government should be set up so that no man need be afraid of another."“The government should be set up so that no man need be afraid of another."

Believed that the Believed that the government was best government was best run when the power of run when the power of the government was the government was separated into different separated into different groups. groups.

Thought that there had Thought that there had to be a system of to be a system of checks and balances checks and balances that ensured that the that ensured that the government was government was making fair decisions in making fair decisions in the best interest of the the best interest of the people.people.