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Unit3:Cells&TissuesChapter3CellsChapter4Tissues

1.Nucleus:> Controlcenter> Housesgeneticmaterial

*3distinctregionsofthenucleus:> Nuclearmembranecontrolswhat

enters&leavesnucleus> Chromatingeneticmaterial> Nucleolussynthesisofribosomes

I.AnatomyofaCell(3regions)

2.PlasmaMembrane:controlswhatenters&leavesthecellStructure:> 2Lipidlayers(phospholipids)&cholesterol

hydrophobic & hydrophyllic ends

> Proteins(receptors,channels,carriers,enzymes,anchors,identifiers) Createporesinwhichmaterialcanpassthroughfreely Carrier/transportproteins(bindingsites) Glycoproteins

Determinebloodtype

> Microvilli Helpsurfacearea Found on cells that function in absorption

3.Cytoplasm> Areabetweennucleus&plasmamembranewheremost

cellularactivitieshappens

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Connectionsbetweenadjacentcells...1.TightJunctions

Anatomy: Plasmamembranefusedtogetherlikea"zipper"

Function: Leakproof,preventssubstancesfrompassingthroughextra

cellularspace Found in small intestine - keep enzymes from "seeping" into our

bloodstream

II.CellularJunctions

2.Desmosomes Anatomy:

Adhesionjunctions(anchoring)connectedtogetherbyproteinfilaments

Function: Preventcellsfrombeingpulledapartwhensubjectedtostress Holds skin together

II.CellularJunctionscont'd

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3.GapJunctions Anatomy:

Membranesheldtogetherwithhollowproteinfilaments

Function: Communicationbetweencells Nutrients&ionspassdirectlyfromcelltocell Found in Cardiac muscle tissue ------

II.CellularJunctionscont'd

III.Cytoplasm

> 3Majorelementsofthecytoplasm:

1.Cytosol:liquidportionsuspendsotherelements

2.Inclusions:chemicalsubstancesfoundincells Stored nutrients Pigments in skin

3.Organelles:metabolicmachineryofthecell

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IV.CellTransport

> Solutionhomogenousmixtureof2ormorecomponents solute vs solvent (universal solvent = H2O)

> Intracellularfluidcytoplasm&nucleoplasm

> Interstitialfluidexterior(thousandsofingredients) aminoacids,vitamins,fattyacids,sugars

being dissolved doing the dissolving

V.MovementofSubstances:Passive or Active Transport

PassiveTransport:nocellularenergyisrequired,gowiththeconcentrationgradient

A.Diffusionprocessinwhichmoleculesmovefromanareaofhigherconcentrationtoanareaoflowerconcentration

*speed of diffusion depends on concentration, size, & temperature

> SimpleDiffusion Moleculesaresmallenoughtopassdirectlythroughporesin

membrane Moleculesarelipidsoluble

> Osmosisdiffusionofwater(aquaporins)

> FacilitatedDiffusion Moleculeistoolargetopassthroughpores Notlipidsoluble Transportprotein(specific)neededtobringitacrosscellmembrane

-O2, CO2, fatty acids, steroids

-glucose, amino acids, ions

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B.Tonicity:compare[solute]of2solutions

> Hypertonic:

> Hypotonic:

> Isotonic

V.MovementofSubstancescont'd

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Beaker Cell

Solute "A" Solute "A"

Solute "B" Solute "B"

Solute "A" = NaClSolute "B" = Glucose

Scenarios:1. What environment is the cell in?2. Explain osmosis.3. How would NaCl diffuse if it was impermeable?4. How would NaCl diffuse if it was permeable?5. How would Glucose diffuse if it was permeable?

Attachments

CellOrganelle&TransportQuiz2015162.docx

Anatomy & PhysiologyName/Hr:__________________________

Match the following functions with the corresponding organelle:

____1. Functions in ATP production (powerhouse)a. Golgi

____2. Assembles & packages materials to be secretedb. Lysosomes

____3. Uses digestive enzymes to break down materials in the cellc. Mitochondria

____4. Synthesize ribosomesd. Nucleolus

____5. Site of protein synthesise. Ribosomes

Multiple Choice:

6. Which of the following junctions allows cells to communicate by allowing nutrients and ions to pass from cell to cell?

a. gap junctionsb. Golgi junctionsc. desmosomes d. tight junctions

7. The plasma membrane consists primarily of

a. sugars and starchc. lipids and proteins

b. proteins and starchd. lipids and sugars

8. Microvilli

a. are responsible for protein synthesis

b. are found in cells that do not function in absorption

c. function in movement

d. help increase the surface area of the plasma membrane

9. Osmosis

a. does not require any cellular energyd. both a and b

b. moves water up the concentration gradiente. both a and c

c. is the diffusion of water

10. In the figure below, which of the following environments is the red blood cell in?

a. isotonicc. hypertonic

b. hypotonicd. at equilibrium

For questions 11 & 12, use the diagram to the right.

11. The solution outside the bag would be referred to as

a. hypotonicc. isotonic

b. hypertonicd. idontknowtonic

12. Which of the following statements below is NOT true?

a. The glucose will move into the bag

Beaker

10% NaCl

15% Glucose

Bag

5% NaCl

35% Glucose

b. Water will travel out of the bag

c. The NaCl will travel out of the bag

d. Water will travel into the bag

Organic Compound

Monomer(s)

XC: Unit 2 - List the 4 organic compounds we discussed in class. What are the building blocks/monomers for each compound?

SMART Notebook

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