UE-PRASAC projectfor sustainablecassavaproduction in Central...
Transcript of UE-PRASAC projectfor sustainablecassavaproduction in Central...
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UE-PRASAC project for
sustainable cassava production
in Central AfricaDCI-FOOD/2010/46
Marie France Duval, CIRAD-AGAP, Clotilde Abessolo-Meye, IRAF,
Françoise Romaine Otabo, CERAG
Genetic diversity of Central African landraces
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Introduced in Central Africa (Congo estuary) from Brazil by
Portuguese in early XVIIth century (1611)
Cassava (Manihot esculenta) in the CEMAC region
Africa
56%
America
14%
Asia
30%
Oceania
0,07%
26% in Central Africa
(RDC, Angola)
Pays CEMAC Production en Tonnes Pourcentage
Cameroon 3 900 000 61.5%
Congo 1 150 000 18.1%
Gabon 292 415 4.6%
Equatorian Guinea 66 000 1%
Centrafrica 706 111 11.1%
Tchad 230 000 3.6%
Total 6 344 526 100%
150 Mt
Nowadays a staple ensuring food security and small producers
livelihood
Low yield,
Biotic threats (viruses, bacteria..)
Organizational problems (transport, markets…)
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Objective : to increase cassava productivity in sustainable
cropping systems and to improve post harvest conservation
and processing
UE EuropAid DCI-Food project:
Sustainable production of cassava
in Central Africa for local markets
Pôle Régional de
recherche
Appliquée au
développement
des Systèmes
Agricoles
d’Afrique Centrale
CIRAD (France)
DGRST (Congo)
Université de Ngaoundéré (Cameroon)
ITRAD (Tchad)
Université de Bangui (Centrafrique)
IRAF (Gabon)
To conduct surveys, polls and inventories in order to establish
diagnosis of the cropping systems, processes and markets
Participative design of new sustainable systems with farmers and
processors
To strengthen the national research centers’ capacities
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UE EuropAid DCI-Food project:
Sustainable production of cassava
in Central Africa for local markets
Work Package Leader
WP1: Project management PRASAC
WP2: Knowledge and use of
landraces
CERAG (Congo) and CIRAD (France)
WP3: Knowledge and improvement
of cassava cropping systems
ITRAD (Tchad) and IRAD (Cameroon,
associated partner)
WP4: Diseases and pests control CERAG (Congo) and IITA (associated
partner)
WP5: Improvement of products
quality for different uses and markets
ENSAI, Université de Ngaoundéré
(Cameroon)
WP6: Strengthening of technical and
research capacities in the CEMAC
region
Université de Bangui (Centrafrica)
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UE EuropAid DCI-Food project:
Sustainable production of cassava
in Central Africa for local markets
WP2: Knowledge and use of landraces
WP5: Improvement of products quality for different uses
and markets
WP6: Strengthening of technical and research capacities in
the CEMAC region
Molecular characterization and diversity assessment Montpellier
Breeding through somatic hybridization Montpellier
Biochemical characterization of landraces Montpellier
Processes diagnosis (support)
Student tutoringOne Master student in Molecular Genetics, Montpellier 2013, 6 months
One PhD student, Molecular Genetics, Montpellier 2013-2014- 2 x 6
months
One PhD student, Genetics and breeding 2014- 3 months
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UE EuropAid DCI-Food project:
Sustainable production of cassava
in Central Africa for local markets
WP2: Knowledge and use of landraces
- Inventory and description of the Central African landraces (passeport
data, agromorphological description, cultural practices and uses)
- Germplasm diversity (agronomic evaluation, molecular characterization)
- Participatory selection of elite material and dissemination
- Establisment of a regional germplasm bank (CERAG, Congo)
- Breeding
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Landraces sampling
Selection of productions sites in different agro-ecological zones10 villages visited / site
15 households per village
Inventory of named landraces = varieties collection
Morphological description, inquiry about associated cultural practices and
uses completed for each variety
109
accessions
49 accessions
21 accessions
102
accessions
469
accessions 750
accessions
Knowledge and use of landraces
HC4
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Diapositive 7
HC4 Les chiffres des accessions se sont décalés par rapport à la carteCHAIR; 06/06/2014
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Knowledge and use of landraces
K1 S1 W1 R11 Ka K2 S5 W7 R12 Ka K3 S2 W9 R2 Ka K4 S7 W8 R3
SSRY282 SSRY268 SSRY240 SSRY66 SSRY100 SSRY100 SSRY100 SSRY100 SSRY100 SSRY175 SSRY93 SSRY76 SSRY8 SSRY31 SSRY68 SSRY31 SSRY44
SSRY66 SSRY269 SSRY40 SSRY92 SSRY291 SSRY291 SSRY291 R9 SSRY152 SSRY210 SSRY8 R5 SSRY149 SSRY149
SSRY160 SSRY53
SSRY192 SSRY92 SSRY9 SSRY9 SSRY182 SSRY182 SSRY124 SSRY100 SSRY329 SSRY43 SSRY151 SSRY76 SSRY288 SSRY31 SSRY179 SSRY57
SSRY313 SSRY60 SSRY313 SSRY155 SSRY155 SSRY155 SSRY155 SSRY219 SSRY64 SSRY175
R8SSRY53 SSRY179
EME222 R2
SSRY269 SSRY51 SSRY66
SSRY51
SSRY88 SSRY88 SSRY88 SSRY49 SSRY79 SSRY329
SSRY26
SSRY160 SSRY160
SSRY58
SSRY92 SSRY192 SSRY192 SSRY39 SSRY39 SSRY39 SSRY151 SSRY45 SSRY219 SSRY109 SSRY179 EME415 W4
SSRY360 SSRY13 SSRY92 SSRY55 SSRY55 SSRY55 SSRY55 SSRY8 SSRY26 SSRY152 SSRY76 SSRY262 EME222 SSRY44
SSRY13 SSRY66 SSRY269 SSRY253 SSRY253 SSRY253 SSRY26 SSRY109 SSRY85 SSRY151 SSRY151 SSRY58 NS248 SSRY58
SSRY51 SSRY313 SSRY268 SSRY317 SSRY317 SSRY317 SSRY32 SSRY274 EME373_
3
SSRY80 NS978
SSRY80
SSRY268 SSRY282 EME343 SSRY323 SSRY323 SSRY102 SSRY102 SSRY274 SSRY32 EME257 SSRY157 NS22 EME222
SSRY10 EME205 EME118 SSRY158 SSRY158 EME628 SSRY109 SSRY8 EME182 SSRY44 NS945 EME203
SSRY233 EME309 EME162 NS170 EME11 NS1017 SSRY45 SSRY151 EME332 NS945 NS946 EME259
SSRY59EME424
EME98
SSRY59
NS587 EME170 SSRY79/SSRY
64
SSRY175 NS80
SSRY64
NS946 NS1068
SSRY200 EME489 EME353 NS664 EME254 SSRY43 SSRY49 NS1019 NS193 NS193
SSRY60 EME62 EME424 NS33 EME628 SSRY210 SSRY219 NS898 NS898
EME309 EME321 EME272 EME11 NS664 SSRY93 SSRY329 W13 NS78 NS78
EME424 EME81 EME309 EME628 NS33 NS622 SSRY152 SSRY93 NS1068
EME353 EME412 NS30 EME189 NS587 NS78 EME319 EME319 NS194 S16
EME162 EME162 W22 EME254 NS170 NS1052 EME246 EME635 NS271 SSRY53
EME118 EME118 SSRY10 EME170 EME373-3 EME46 NS141 SSRY228
EME62 NS1045 W25 EME59 EME635 EME222 SSRY262
EME81 NS30 EME280 EME164 EME20 EME22 SSRY80
EME195 S11 EME657 EME713 EME259 SSRY58
EME205 SSRY59 EME512 EME657 EME203 EME22
EME280 SSRY10 EME20 EME164 ESSR13 EME203
EME321 EME195 EME46 EME59 EME259
EME489 EME280 EME246 EME332 K5 NS194
EME412 EME319 EME373 SSRY68 S14
NS30 EME635 NS178 SSRY44
NS1045 EME713 NS622 SSRY157
EME332 NS1052
NS1019
K6 S3 W3 Ka K9 S15 W20 K11 S12 W15 Ka K13 S8 W10 R4
SSRY75 SSRY180 SSRY265 SSRY74 SSRY177 SSRY177 SSRY83 SSRY12 SSRY12 SSRY12 SSRY27 SSRY27 SSRY27 SSRY27
SSRY246 SSRY123 SSRY252 SSRY170 NS781 SSRY12 EME303 SSRY48 R5 EME177 EME177 EME177 SSRY250
SSRY72 SSRY143 SSRY94 SSRY168 NS371 SSRY276SSRY91 SSRY52 SSRY52 SSRY52 SSRY250 SSRY250 EME710 NS720
SSRY161 SSRY319 SSRY72 SSRY105 NS128 NS689 EME303 SSRY287 SSRY287 NS308
SSRY319 SSRY161 SSRY161 SSRY161 SSRY177 NS40 R9 NS149 SSRY236 SSRY236
SSRY143 SSRY72 SSRY319 NS6 SSRY105 SSRY105 NS340 EME710 EME710
SSRY123 SSRY252 SSRY123 NS701 NS1076 SSRY25 SSRY25
SSRY180 SSRY265 SSRY143 NS40 EME341 NS368
NS725 EME54 SSRY180 NS128 EME303 NS720 NS308
NS74 EME113 EME113 NS371
NS72 EME240 EME54 NS781 K12 S9 W5 R6
EME345 EME260 EME409 NS1040 SSRY103 SSRY103 SSRY28 SSRY28
EME260 EME409 EME260 EME637 SSRY106 SSRY106 SSRY83 SSRY83
EME240 EME517 EME240 SSRY28 SSRY28 SSRY106
EME517 NS72 EME517 K10 W2 NS198 EME425 EME425
EME171_2 NS74 NS74 SSRY294 EME212 NS62 SSRY83
NS217 SSRY314 EME395 NS124
K7 S4 NS260 R10 Ka NS166 EME708 NS169
SSRY148 SSRY75 SSRY148 NS119 S6 W21 R1 NS158
SSRY165 SSRY148 SSRY165 EME212 SSRY104 SSRY104 SSRY104 EME171_1
K8 SSRY246 SSRY38 SSRY38 EME395 SSRY168 EME425
SSRY30 SSRY165 SSRY148 SSRY148 EME708 EME708
K14 SSRY226
SSRY94 SSRY153 SSRY153
EME54 SSRY30 SSRY75
EME113 SSRY322 R4
EME409 EME222 SSRY94
EME415
EME345
NS725
NS323
K15 S20 W18 R16 K17 S19 W19 K18 S10 W6 K19 S18 W11
SSRY101 SSRY194 SSRY101 SSRY101 SSRY297 SSRY174 SSRY82 SSRY77 SSRY231 SSRY112 EME331 EME331EME331
SSRY2 SSRY193 SSRY229 Ka SSRY82 SSRY337 SSRY297 SSRY296 SSRY61 SSRY231 NS658 NS658 SSRY70
SSRY229 SSRY270 SSRY5 R14 SSRY5 SSRY337 SSRY82 EME87 NS1003 SSRY77 SSRY61 EME145
SSRY193 SSRY101 SSRY2 SSRY169 SSRY169 SSRY174 SSRY297 OS22 EME445 SSRY81 SSRY77 NS362
SSRY194 SSRY229 SSRY193 EME87 EME87 SSRY296 SSRY81 NS847
EME313 SSRY2 EME313 OS22 OS22 K16 SSRY327 SSRY327 Ka
EME313 SSRY81 EME445 SSRY21 SSRY21
NS1003 SSRY296
SSRY113
C13 W14 R7 Ka EME86
S22 SSRY19 SSRY19 SSRY19 W17 R5 Ka EME445 W27 R5
SSRY144 SSRY41 SSRY164 NS57 SSRY91 SSRY91
SSRY272 SSRY191 SSRY191 NS1003
SSRY181 SSRY181 SSRY63 SSRY63
Ka= Kawuki et al, 2013
R= Rabbi et al, 2012
W= Whankaew et al, 2011
S=Straphet et al, 2011
C16
C14
C1
C9 C10
C15
C2 C3
C12C11
C4
C5 C6 C7 C8
DNA extraction (Risterucci et al)
31 SSRs selected according to their repartition
within the genome (
SSR analysis performed on ABI 3500XL (Applied
Biosystems)
Analysis using Genemapper® software (Applied
Biosystems 2007)
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Factorial analysis on 365 cassava
accessions collected in Central Africa
Humid tropical forest (deciduous),
Humid tropical forest (semi-deciduous /
semperivirente)
Humid shrubby savanna
Sudanese savanna
unknown
Axe1:
7.96%
Axe2:
5.67%
Knowledge and use of landraces
First analysis of regional diversity (Clotilde Abessolo-Meye, IRAF)
Cameroon 109
Centrafrica 102
Congo 90
Gabon 49
Tchad 21
Total number of alleles : 109
Mean number : 4.74
Fis = - 0.087
Clonality : 0.75
No clear agroclimatic
structuration
HC7
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Diapositive 9
HC7 Peut être rajouter au titre regional scaleCHAIR; 06/06/2014
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0 0.2
Knowledge and use of landraces
Neighbor Joining representation of the
genetic diversity of 365 cassava
accessions collected in Central Africa
Cameroun
Centrafrique
Congo
Gabon
Tchad
No geographical structuration
observed, probably due to
numerous exchanges
Despite a rather high clonality
(25% of the genotyped
accessions are clonal lineages)
dissimilarity range indicates
sexual diversification
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Knowledge and use of landraces
Diversity of Congolese accessions (Françoise Otabo, CERAG, Congo)
In progress
Congo 469
America (diversity
sample, CIAT)
37
Centrafrica
(control)
1
Tchad (control) 1
Total number of alleles : 213
Number of specific alleles (America) : 57
Mean number : 6.87 (2-14)
High clonality within congolese accessions
Neighbor Joining representation of
the genetic diversity of 510 cassava
accessions
Americas
Odziba (Congo)
Hinda (Congo)
Oyo (Congo)
Loudima (Congo)
American and Congolese
accessions are clearly
separated, except for
one Brazilian accession
HC8
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Diapositive 11
HC8 idem...rajouter au titre directement at country scaleCHAIR; 06/06/2014
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Koussakanandi
Mandoussou
Nkoussou
Mâ ndombi
Mâ voumboukoulou
INC1 Yala vounga
Maloundzou 1
Maloundzou 2
Bayenda
Mandoussou
INC 1 Loumou
Tissaka
Mandoussou
Moussadi mbongo
Moudouma
Mâ ndombi
Kignoumba
MoudoumaMoudouma
Moussala
Express
INC4 Mboukoulou
MoudoumaMoudouma
Moussala
Moudouma
Manguété
Moudouma
Loudimi ya kabiMoudouma
Kignoumba
Vigne
Kindangala ya ndombi
Mvilima
Moudouma
Moussala
Kingnoumba
Numéro
Moudouma
Bozizi
Goy
100
100
89
84
100
100
9199
100
Ipi
Okéofi
Ngapi
INC2 Etsouali
INC3 Etsouali
Parapluie
INC 5 Estsouali
Okéofi
Okéofi
Ngantsa
Nguébana
INC1 Odziba
Ngantsa
Nguébana
INC2 OdzibaINC 3 Odziba
Okéofi
INC 5 OdzibaINC 6 Odziba
INC 7 Odziba
Ngantsa mobali
Ngantsa
Nguébana
parapluie
Nguébana
Ngantsa
Okéofi
Parapluie
Ngapi
Parapluie
Ngantsa
Ngantsa mobali
NgantsaNgantsa
Ipi
Okéofi
Mbalike
Ngantsa
100
84
100
100
99
100
100
97
97
94
Knowledge and use of landraces
Clonal lineages are scattered among
villages and shared between nearby
sites, sometimes under different names
Despite the general lack of
geographical structuration
some accessions collected in
one site regroup: exemple of
accessions collected in the
savanna part of the Odziba site
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Perspectives
Results of this work on diversity will be used for the management of the
germplasm bank (identification of duplicates) and the selection of parents
- Conduct physico-chemical analysis to assess would be quality
variation (Cirad, within the frame of this project)
Diversity studies are still on-going and results will be discussed along with
other data (inquiries about practices and uses, agromorphological data)
A subset of accessions was selected with a double purpose :
- Samples will be provided to CIAT for RAD sequencing within
the frame of a RTB project (Luis Augusto Beccera) HC11
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Diapositive 13
HC11 mettre le but de cette étude????CHAIR; 06/06/2014
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Thank you