Typology of NAMAs - UNFCCC

Typology of NAMAs

Karen Holm Olsen, Senior Researcher

[email protected]

UNFCCC Regional Workshop on NAMAs, 16 -19 April 2013

Lehakoe Club, Maseru, Lesotho

mailto:[email protected]

Outline:

• The concept of

NAMAs

• Typology of actions

• Examples of NAMAs

in African countries

The concept

What is a NAMA?

Source: GIZ NAMA Tool, 2013

What is a LEDS?

Source: GIZ NAMA tool, 2013

Why NAMAs?

Framework SD objectives

CDM Assist non-Annex I countries with the achievement of sustainable development

LCDS A low-carbon development strategy is indispensable to SD

NAMAs NAMAs shall contribute to SD

REDD+ Non-carbon benefits or co-benefits of REDD+ activities is the terminology for positive SD impacts benefitting local communities and indigenous people

NMM A possible element of the NMM is to promote SD

FVA There are no decisions, nor guidance on the framework’s relationship to SD

High pledges: 52

Goal: 44

Total Greenhouse Gas

Emissions

Source: UNEP GAP report 2013

58

The Gap in 2020 = 14 (relative to business-as-usual)

Gt/year CO2e

Note: To achieve the 2 degree target globally, both developed and

developing countries need to take action

The NAMA action cycle – compared to CDM

Action/Project cycles NAMAs CDM

National Development Planning Low Carbon Development Strategy (LCDS) Identify SD objectives to which NAMAs contribute

-

Design of action/project No format requirements Include indicators/metrics for SD benefits in the design format and conduct stakeholder involvement and safeguards for no-harm-done

Project Design Document (PDD)

National Approval Officially Designated Entity (ODE) submit NAMAs to Registry: seek support for preparation, seek support for implementation or for recognition (unilateral)

Designated National Authority (DNA) issues Letter of Approval (LoA) for SD contribution

Validation/Registration - Designated Operational Entity (DOE) and Executive Board (EB)/ Registry

Financing Supported NAMAs: bilateral, multilateral, private sector, Green Climate Fund, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and carbon markets. A mix of sources is possible. Unilateral NAMAs: domestic finance Explicit SD and climate benefits can help inform investors to get the most benefits for their money

Investors

Implementation NAMA developer Project owner/Coordinating Managing Entity (CME) for Programmes of Activities (PoAs)

Monitoring Ditto SD indicators to be monitored along with other action & GHG metrics as specified in the BUR guidelines (see below)

Ditto

Reporting and Verification International Consultation and Analysis (ICA) of Biennial Update Report (BUR) BURs include reporting on methodologies and assumptions, SD objectives and steps, progress, results, estimated GHG reductions and information about international market mechanisms. There are no requirements for MRV of individual NAMAs

Designated Operational Entity (DOE)

Issuance of CERs/units of GHG reductions

Possible links to NMMs and FVA for crediting of NAMAS Units of GHG reductions to be certified for their SD co-benefits

Executive Board (EB)/Registry

Source: Forthcoming paper by author, 2013. See also presentation under NAMA Partnership Working Group on SD: www.namapartnership.org

/

http://www.namapartnership.org/

Typology of actions

NAMA financial architecture

Source: Ecofys Policy Update, Issue IV, May 2012

• NAMA seeking support for preparation

• NAMA seeking support for implementation

• Other NAMAs for recognition

• Information on support for NAMAs

Categories of submissions to UNFCCC Registry

Source: UNFCCC website: http://unfccc.int/cooperation_support/nama/items/6945.php

UNEP Risø NAMA Pipeline - typology

Source: UNEP Risø NAMA Pipeline, 1 April 2013 – www.namapipeline.org

ID Title Region Sub-region Country Sector Type Sub-type Technical description NAMA category Level of implementation MRV indicators SD indicators Emission reduction goal

NAMA0200 NAMA in Renewable Energy and

Energy Efficiency ***

Africa West Africa Mali EE & Renewable energy EE+Solar+Wind+Hydro A list of 14 activities External support for preparation Seeking Support

NAMA0201 NAMA in the Forestry sector Africa West Africa Mali Forests Afforestation+Reforestation A list of 10 activities External support for preparation Seeking Support

NAMA0202 Interurban Electric Rail NAMA Africa East Africa Ethiopia Rail: electricication Cargo transport 50% of road cargo

replaced in 8 routes

External support for preparation Seeking Support

NAMA0203 Clean Production Agreements in

Chile

Latin America South America Chile All All 74 CPA signed + 10

new/yr until 2020

For recognition Ongoing

NAMA0204 Implementation of a National Forestry

and Climate Change Strategy,

including the development and

implementation of a Platform for the

Latin America South America Chile Forests Afforestation+Reforestation External support for implementation Seeking Support Being developed together with

REDD+ & FCPF

NAMA0205 Sustainable production with low-

emission technologies in agriculture

Latin America South America Uruguay Agricultural waste Biomass energy External support for preparation Seeking Support

NAMA0206 Sustainable Housing Programme Latin America South America Uruguay EE lighting+Solar water

heaters

60 m2 houses for 3

persons

External support for preparation Seeking Support Target: Lower income

families

NAMA0207 High Integration Program of Wind

Energy

Latin America South America Uruguay Wind Wind External support for preparation Seeking Support 20% of electricity from wind in 2015

NAMA0208 First introduction of Photovoltaic Solar

Energy in the national electrical grid.

Latin America South America Uruguay Renewable energy Solar Solar PV Two plants External support for implementation Seeking Support National Statistics 200 MW of solar in 2020

NAMA0209 LNG Terminal with regasification

capacity of 10.000.000m3/d of natural

Latin America South America Uruguay Natural gas supply LNG terminal For recognition Under implementation National Statistics

NAMA0210 Promotion of renewable energy

participation in the Uruguayan primary

energy mix

Latin America South America Uruguay Renewable energy Biofuels, Biomass, Wind,

Solar

For recognition Ongoing National Statistics 55% of energy supply is from

renewables in 2015

NAMA0211 Sustainable Urban Transport Initiative Asia & Pacific Southeast Asia Indonesia Transport Public transport, traffic

management, EE,

alternative fuels, non-

motorised etc

External support for implementation Design of local plans ongoing km of biking lanes, travel

speed, nework coverage etc

Air-quality, Accessibility,

Equity, Road safety, City

livability

Urban Transport emissions 15%

below BAU in 2020 in the pilot cities

NAMA0212 Expanding self‐supply renewable

energy systems (SSRES) in Chile

Latin America South America Chile Renewable energy in Industry,

Agriculture and Commercial

Bioenergy, Hydro, Wind,

Geothermal, Solar & Tidal

External support for implementation NAMA still under design Emission reduction

worksheets for each unit

based on metering

Jobs, private sector

leveraging

Contribute of Chiles pledge of 20%

below 2020 emissions

NAMA0213 Supporting Implementation of 100%

Renewable Electricity by 2020

Asia & Pacific Pacific Cook Islands Renewable energy Bioenergy, Wind, Solar +

EE

External support for implementation Seeking Support % electricity from diesel

replaced by renewables

Local air pollution reduction,

leaks of diesel from storage

100% renewable electricity by 2020

with a phased-in implementation

plan that achieves 50% by 2015

NAMA0214 National Program for Catalyzing

Industrial and Commercial Organic

Latin America South America Chile Agroindustry, Fisheries,

livestock, services

Wine, fruits, crops, salmon,

poultry, pigs, pruning, food

Five organic waste

management facilities to

External support for implementation Seeking Support Biogas/ton waste, energy/ton

waste

Jobs created, critical

environment episodes

Contribute of Chiles pledge of 20%

below 2020 emissions

NAMA0215 Tourism and Waste in the Dominican

Republic

Latin America Caribbean Dominican

Republic

High-density touristic areas Biomass energy Shrub clippings &

separated waste

Pilot projects for steam &

hot water for laundry,

swimming pools,

kitchens, colling

External support for implementation A feasibility study is already

done

http://www.namapipeline.org/

UNEP Risø NAMA Pipeline - wordlist

Project actions

Sustainable forest management (REDD)

Programme of actions (PoAs)

Single project activities (CDM)

Policy NAMAs representing actions

Regulation

Grants

Direct payment

Fixed payment

Additional payment (e.g. feed-in tariffs)

Public procurement guidelines

Taxation

Tax reduction/exemption

Variable or accelerated depreciations

Building sector standards

Labelling requirements for low GHG products

Removing subsidies to non-RE

Loan schemes

Guarantee schemes

Policy NAMAs requiring actions

Energy efficiency target

GHG strategy/inventory

Renewable energy target

Other quantitative targets/obligations

GHG emission below BAU level

GHG mitigation target

GHG intensity target

R&D

Enhancing forest carbon sinks

Quota obligations

Promotion

Source: UNEP Risø NAMA Pipeline, 1 March 2013

Intent Action

intention to formulate a strategy formulating a strategy

formulating a strategy formulating a policy

formulating a policy formulating a regulation

formulating a regulation approving the regulation in parliament

approving the regulation in parliament setting a date for entry into force

setting a date for entry into force entry into force of the regulation

entry into force of the regulation enforcing the regulation

NAMAs typologies and examples

Source: Søren Lütken, personal communication March 2013

Sector Type Sector type Specific sub-type or technical description

Agriculture and Forests

Forest

Afforestation

Mangroves

Reforestation

Fuels production Solid fuel

Charcoal production

Biomass briquettes

Liquid fuel

Biodiesel

Ethanol

NAMA typology of actions

Heating Systems

Efficiency improvements

Higher efficiency steam boiler

Higher efficiency using waste heat

Replacement of district heating boilers

New systems

Cogeneration

District heating

Geothermal heating

Transportation

Alternative fuels Biodiesel for transport

Motorbikes

Public transportation

Bus Rapid Transit

Cable cars

Metro: efficient operation

Mode shift: Road to rail

Rail: electrification

Rail: regenerative braking


Waste

Agricultural waste

Waste from Sugar Industry Bagasse power

Waste from Forest Industry

Biomass briquettes

Charcoal production

Other forest residues

Sawmill waste

Waste from Other Agriculture Mustard crop residues

Other agricultural residues

Waste from Rice Industry Rice husk

Waste from Palm Oil Palm oil solid waste

Palm oil waste

Solid waste

Composting

Composting

Industrial solid waste

Landfill composting

Palm oil waste

Gasification Gasification of biomass

Switch from fossil fuel to piped biogas

Incineration

Mustard crop residues

Other agricultural kinds

Rice husk

Bagasse power


Sawmill waste

Palm oil solid waste

Landfills

Combustion of MSW

Landfill aeration

Landfill composting

Landfill flaring

Landfill power

Liquid waste

Manure

Poultry litter

Domestic manure

Livestock manure

Waste Oil Biodiesel from waste oil

Wastewater Aerobic treatment of waste water

Wastewater


Conventional Power

Production

Efficiency improvements

Higher efficiency coal power

Higher efficiency oil power

Higher efficiency steam boiler

Higher efficiency using waste heat

Power plant rehabilitation

Single cycle to combined cycle

New systems

Cogeneration

New natural gas plant

New natural gas plant using LNG

Fuel switch

Fossil to fossil

Coal to natural gas

Coal to oil

Lignite to natural gas

Oil to LPG

Oil to natural gas

Fossil to non-fossil

Co-firing with biomass

Industrial solid waste

Oil to electricity

Switch from fossil fuel to piped biogas

Switch from fossil fuel to piped landfill gas

Source: UNEP Risø NAMA Pipeline: http://www.namapipeline.org/


Renewable Energy

Biomass

Solid residues

Mustard crop residues

Other agricultural residues

Rice husk

Bagasse power


Sawmill waste

Palm oil solid waste

Liquid residues

Poultry litter

Black liquor

Domestic manure

Industrial waste

Livestock manure

Palm oil waste

Wastewater

Fuel production

Biodiesel

Biomass briquettes

Charcoal production

Gasification of biomass

Forest biomass

Other Switch from fossil fuel to piped biogas

Stoves

Hydro

Existing dam

Higher efficiency hydro power

New dam

Run of river

Wind Wind

Solar

PV Solar PV

Solar PV water disinfection

Thermal

Solar thermal

Solar thermal power

Solar water heating

Geothermal Geothermal electricity

Geothermal heating

Tidal Tidal


Industrial Production

Processes

CO2 Capture and recycling CO2 recycling

CO2 replacement

EE industry

Black liquor

Building materials

Cement

Chemicals

Coke oven

Construction

Electronics

Food

Glass

Iron & steel

Machinery

Metal products

Non-ferrous metals

Paper

Textiles

Industrial Waste Heat and Waste Gas

Building materials heat

Carbon black gas

Cement heat

Chemicals heat

Coke oven gas

Glass heat

Iron & steel heat

Non-ferrous metals heat

Petrochemicals heat

Industrial Gases

Adipic acid

Caprolactam

HFC23

HFC134a

Nitric acid

PFCs

SF6

Other Industrial Processes

Cement

Chemicals

CO2 recycling

CO2 replacement

Coal Mining and other Mining

CMM & Ventilation Air Methane

Coal Bed Methane

Coal Mine Methane

Mining

Non-hydrocarbon mining

Ventilation Air Methane

Oil and Gas

Natural gas pipelines

Oil and gas processing flaring

Oil field flaring reduction

Petrochemicals

Petrochemicals heat

Distribution of types of activities

Source: Mitigation Momentum, NAMAs annual status report, 2012

Sectoral distribution


Examples of NAMAs in

African countries

NAMAs submitted to the Registry

Source: UNEP Risø NAMA Pipeline, 1 March 2013

ID Title Region Country Type of action Sector NAMA category

Level of

implementation NAMA0200 NAMA in Renewable Energy

and Energy Efficiency ***

Africa Mali EE & Renewable

energy

External

support for

preparation

Seeking Support

NAMA0201 NAMA in the Forestry sector Africa Mali Forests External

support for

preparation

Seeking Support

NAMA0202 Interurban Electric Rail

NAMA

Africa Ethiopia Rail: electricication External

support for

preparation

Seeking Support

NAMA0203 Clean Production

Agreements in Chile

Latin

America

Chile Public-Private Clean

Production Agreement

(CPA)

All For recognition Ongoing

NAMA0204 Implementation of a National

Forestry and Climate Change

Strategy, including the

development and

implementation of a Platform

for the Generation and

trading of Forest Carbon

Credits.

Latin

America

Chile Pilot units for the

Generation and

Trading of Forest

Carbon Credits

(PBCCh)

Forests External

support for

implementation

Seeking Support

NAMA0205 Sustainable production with

low-emission technologies in

agriculture and agroindustry

production chains.

Latin

America

Uruguay Laboratory research

for target sectors

Agricultural waste External

support for

preparation

Seeking Support

NAMA0206 Sustainable Housing

Programme

Latin

America

Uruguay Government housing

programme for 20000

new houses

External

support for

preparation

Seeking Support

NAMA0207 High Integration Program of

Wind Energy

Latin

America

Uruguay System analysis of

20%, 25% and 30%

wind in the electicity

grid

Wind External

support for

preparation

Seeking Support

NAMA0208 First introduction of

Photovoltaic Solar Energy in

the national electrical grid.

Latin

America

Uruguay Energy Policy

including incentives for

renewables

Renewable energy External

support for

implementation

Seeking Support

NAMA0209 LNG Terminal with

regasification capacity of

10.000.000m3/d of natural

gas with possible expansion

to 15.000.000m3/d

Latin

America

Uruguay Energy Policy Natural gas supply For recognition Under

implementation

NAMA0210 Promotion of renewable

energy participation in the

Uruguayan primary energy

mix

Latin

America

Uruguay Energy Policy

including incentives for

renewables

Renewable energy For recognition Ongoing

NAMA0211 Supporting Implementation of

100% Renewable Electricity

by 2020

Asia &

Pacific

Cook

Islands

A renewable energy

technology training

programme and a new

regulatory frameworks

for private sector

investment in

renewable electricity

systems.

Renewable energy External

support for

implementation

Seeking Support

NAMAs by region


The content of NAMAs

Source: JIKO Policy Paper 01/2011, Wuppertal Institute

http://unfccc.int/cooperation_support/nama/items/69

45.php

NAMAs seeking support for preparation

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