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Vertically Integrated Approach on NAMAs in Municipal Solid Waste in Indonesia

(V-NAMAs)

Regional Workshop on Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions in Asia and the Pacific 18 and 19 March 2014, Bangkok, Thailand

Rangga Akib GIZ Indonesia

1. Climate Change and Solid Waste Management in Indonesia

2. Vertically Integrated Approach for Developing Mitigation Actions on Waste Sector (V-NAMA)

3. Challenges and Options to Sub-national Involvement in NAMA Development

Structure

Climate Change and Solid Waste Management in Indonesia

Population: around 230 million inhabitants Area: almost 2 million sqkm 34 provinces, 497 regencies,cities, 17.508 islands Vertical government structure of Indonesia:

National government Provincial Government Local Government (Regency/City)

Around 6000 km

Facts about Indonesia

President’s Commitment at G-20 Pittsburgh and COP15 (2009) Reducing green house gas emission by 2020

26% 26 + 15 = 41%

Gov. of Indonesia efforts (Unilateral NAMAs)

Gov.of Indonesia efforts and International supports

(Supported NAMAs)

RAN GRK

Presidential Decree No.61 Year 2011 regarding National Action Plan on GHG Emissions

Reduction (RAN-GRK)

National Action Plan on GHG Emissions Reduction (RAN-GRK)

• Objective of RAN-GRK: Contribute to global efforts in GHG emission reduction

• Basic Principle: should not hinder economic growth and prioritizing people’s welfare

2. Forestry and Peatland 1. Agriculture 3. Energy/

Transportation 4. Industry 5. Waste Management

• Sustainable Forest

• Management REDD+: Moratorium

primary forest & peatland

Pilot province One map National

Strategy • Reforestation • One billion trees

plant program

• Efficient water and land management

• Sustainable agricuture management

• Waste management

• Energy efficiency • Renewable

energy: Geothermal Hydropower Biomass Solar/wind

• Promoting efficient public transportation

• Railway & coastal transportation

• Green building • Green car

• Energy efficiency technology

• Wastewater management

• Adoption new cleaner technology

Solid Waste: • Solid waste

reduction through 3R (reduce,reuse, recycle)

• Management process at the Final Disposal

• Improvement/ construction/ rehabilitation of Final Disposal

• Waste to Energy

Financing Tax/Incentives Regulation & Standards

R & D on new : Clean

technology, Green Product

Social/ Education/

Capacity Building

Green System & Bussiness

Model

RAN-GRK (National Action Plan) Strategies

Waste sector: one of the priority areas for GHG emission reduction

Waste Law (Act No.18/2008) and Government Regulation no. 81/2012 regarding Solid Waste Management

Waste avoidance, minimization, and reduction from the source Open dumping has to be closed and replaced by better

method, such as controlled or sanitary landfill

National Policy and StrategyPolicy and Strategy of Waste Management (Public Works Minister Decree No. 21/2006)

1. Waste separation and reduction at source, 2. Increase collection services improvement 3. Landfill quality improvement (rehabilitation/construction) 4. Enhancing institution capacity and regulation 5. Increase the active role of the private sector 6. Increase alternative funding sources

Policy and Regulation on SWM

Shift of paradigm to Waste minimization

Solid Waste Management in Indonesia

SWM condition, generally:

- Landfill operated Open Dumping (only 2% sanitary landfill)

- SWM low priority: inadequate budget for O&M

- Lack of capacity

- Lack of community participation

Improvement (2010 - 2013 ) : 180 Sanitary landfill; 320 3R-Facility National Government: main

infrastructures, e.g. landfill cell, including heavy equipment

Provincial Gov: coordination, as a link between national gov. and local gov.

Local Gov: operation & maintenance, land acquisition, access road

Improvement of SWM-Facilities

Sanitary landfill Leachate Treatment

LFG collection

Vertically Integrated Approach for Developing Mitigation Actions

on Waste Sector (V-NAMA)

Sub-national actors Province,

City/Regency

…with large share of GHG emissions

(waste sector Indonesia: 9% of total emission)

Key competencies… • Waste management • Buildings • Transport

High Mitigation Potential (the amount of waste is rising through

the population growth in cities)

Why Involvement of Sub-nationals?

More than 50% of world‘s population

Consume 2/3 of world‘s energy supply

Responsible for over 70% of CO2 emissions

Purpose Develop vertically integrated approach in the climate change mitigation action in Indonesia

Focus Municipal Solid Waste Project Duration September 2012 - April 2015 Pilot Location Kendari City, Malang City, Pekalongan City and Regency, Jambi

City, Sidoarjo Regency Executing Agency Coordinating Agency is Bappenas (Ministry of Planning)

Lead Technical Agency is Ministry of Public Works Implementing Agencies and Partners

Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Home Affairs, Provincial Government and Local Government (Regency/City) and other related stakeholders in waste sector

Technical Support GIZ, on behalf of the BMUB (German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety)

Outputs 1. Bankable NAMA-proposal that meets MRV requirements elaborated for the waste sector

2. Practical guidelines, support for the elaboration of other vertically integrated NAMAs

V-NAMA Project in Indonesia

National Government

Provincial Government

Local Government (Regency/City)

RAN-GRK&RAD-GRK Vertical Coordination between National and Provincial Government

V-NAMA Vertical Integration between National,

Provincial and Local Government

(Regency/City)

V-NAMA

V-NAMA project: entry point to address the climate change issues related to the solid waste management process (part of the RAN-GRK and RAD-GRK) need of strong collaboration of the three governance levels (national, provincial and local) to make process work

V-NAMA Supports RAN-GRK and RAD-GRK (National & Regional Action Plan)

RAN-/ RAD-GRK

RAD-GRK= Regional Action Plan on GHG Emissions Reduction

Local Government buys the compost

Waste reduction at source

Benefit for Local Gov. and community

e.g.: Solid Waste Bank

Community-based

Waste reduction - Recycling - Composting - CH4 utilization

3R Facility Worm cultivation

- Final dsposal - Composting, recycle - CH4 utilization (energy for ca. 400 HH, electricity)

Final disposal Landfill

Composting at HH, school, market

Other: - formation of community-based environment-group - clean competition at village and city level - involvement of private sector - involvement of informal sector

Role of: - Central Gov:

construction of facilities

- Provincial Gov: coordination

- Local Gov: provision of land, operation and maintainance, local capacity

Individual level

Community level

City level

Examples of Activities at a Pilot Location

• Organizing around 70 sorts of solid waste (plastic, paper,etc.)

• Legalized as “corporate“ under Local government

• Functions as a “normal bank”

• Involvement of private sector

• Involvement of informal sector

• Economical benefit for community, e.g:

– Saving by giving solid waste

– Buying books and commodities

– Paying electricity with solid waste

– Loan (installment paying with solid waste)

– Reducing involvement of creditor at the community

Physical resources become financial resources

Example of Waste Minimization: Solid-Waste-Bank

Elaboration of NAMA Elements

NAMA Development

Baseline Information

BAU Scenario Mitigation

Options

Co-benefit Analysis

Risk Analysis

Cost Analysis

Incentive System

MRV

Providing a solid foundation to develop Mitigation Actions in waste sector In Indonesia Proposed Mitigation Options are expected to reduce the GHG emission and should appropriate with the situation and condition at the location

Mitigation Options

Combination of Integrated Waste Minimization at source

and Waste Treatment at Final Disposal (including

improving coverage area):

• Reduction at the source

• Recycling (incl. Solid-Waste-Bank)

• Composting

• Energetic use of LFG

• Reduction of open burning

Focus and scope is different at each location

Baseline Study in Kendari and Pekalongan

Coordination meeting with local Gov. to determine sampling locations

Sampling at the Landfill

Sampling at the Temporary Station

V-NAMA Project Activities

Training on GHG emission calculation for 5 Pilot Project Locations


Training on GHG Calculation using IPCC-2006 Method

Visit to Landfill

Visit to the Waste-Bank

Planning Workshops at 5 Pilot Locations

Malang

Kendari

Pekalongan


Local Stakeholder Dialogues at 5 Pilot Locations Sidoarjo

Kendari

Jambi


V-NAMA PROJECT ACTIVITIES

Presentations of the City Gov.

Discussion involving National, Provincial and City Gov.

GIZ-UNESCAP Exchange Workshop

NAMA Elements Elaboration Workshop

Challenges and Options to Sub-national Involvement

in NAMA Development

OPTIONS, e.g: • Generating business models • Provide grants, contracting agreements • Find creative ways to channel national and international

finance (including private and public loans) • Build in co-benefits and financial incentives which attract and

secure all main sub-national stakeholders • Use reputational incentives for public praise and recognition

(e.g. competition) • Involvement of private sector and the community


Lack of Incentives (financial, political and co-benefits incentives)

creating the right incentives is a key challenge to attract, involve and ensure participation of the sub-nationals

OPTIONS, e.g: • Integration of policies and programs vertically • Strengthened horizontal coordination (e.g. authority) • Facilitate stakeholders dialogue and involvement • Increasing interaction and upgrading coordination quality • Upgrading access and exchange of data and information • Capacity building and upgrading organizational capacity • Strengthened leadership at sub-national level • Build in opportunity for informal approaches • Settlement some discrepancies and uncertainties • Upgrade political backing • Focused and concrete target, not bias


Lack of Integration and Capacity decentralized governance system along with lack of capacity

may reduce the effectiveness of the mitigation actions

Summary

• V-NAMA program is supporting the National and Regional Action Plan on GHG Emissions Reduction in line with the aspiration of the “National Mitigation Action”

• The program is piloted in five selected location, but with the

view to establish mechanism which can be replicated national wide

• V-NAMA prepares the ground for a country wide replication

with the transformational change and paradigm shift in the waste sector, e.g. : o Solid-Waste-Bank: convert recyclable waste into valuable

and marketable commodities o Waste-to-Energy installation: convert captured LFG into

economically valuable product (household gas and electrical energy)

Summary

RT/RW/Kelurahan

Vulnerable Groups

Community Based

Organizations

ResearchInstitutions

Media

Land Owners

ResidentialCommercial Enterprises

Research and Development Agencies

(State owned/Ministries)

Civil SocietyPrivate Sector

Public Sector

User Groups

Service Providers

International Organizations/

UNFCCC

NGOsWaste

Workers

Ministry of PublicWorks PU

Waste recycling Industry

SWMIndonesia

Ministry of Home Affairs

MoHAKFW

PrimaryStakeholders

Key Stakeholders

SecondaryStakeholders

Enterprises using Reuseable/recycleables

Private Recycleables

Collector

National Government

NationalPlanning Agency BAPPENAS

Dinas Kebersihan (City Cleansing Agency)

Municipal Government

Ministry of Environment KLH Provincial

Government

GIZ

VNAMA

V-NAMAs approach is not easy but worth the effort

V-NAMA Stakeholders

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