Two Stage Processes of Gene Expression Transcription: - mRNA - tRNA - rRNA Translation: - mRNA...
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Transcript of Two Stage Processes of Gene Expression Transcription: - mRNA - tRNA - rRNA Translation: - mRNA...
Two Stage Processes of Gene Expression
Transcription:- mRNA- tRNA- rRNA
Translation:- mRNA translated to Protein- tRNA & rRNA provide other components of the apparatus for protein synthesis
Fig5.19 Two stage process ofbacterial mRNA Degradation
Endonucleolytic cleavagefrom 5’ to 3’ behide ribosome
Exonuclease degrade from 3’ to 5’
tRNA - ‘adapter’- small mol., only 75-95 base long
Aminoacyl-tRNA; charged tRNA with the aa. corresponding to its anticodon
Four major arms of tRNA + an extra arm
Invariant or Conserved,>90-95%of t RNAspecific bases.
Semi-invariant or Semiconserved, restrict to one type of base.
Extra arm, the most variable feater of tRNA
Ribosome
-Ribonucleoprotein particles-Contain more RNA than Protein-Ribosomal protein, ‘r-protein’
-Ribosome in a cell are identical-Consist of two subunits, each contain; *a major rRNA *a number of small proteins
Fig.6.4 The ribosome has two sides for bindingcharged tRNA.
P site holds peptidyl-tRNA
A site, entered by aminoacyl-tRNA
Fig 6.7Initiation requires;-free ribosome subunit-initiation factors,IF, only on 30S sub.
Two steps of reaction;1.Recognition of mRNA2.Large sub. joins
A Special Initiator tRNA
-Protein synthesis start with the same aa, METHIONINE-Initiation codon, AUG, in Bacteria, GUG or UUG also used
Two types of tRNA carry METHIONINE- one for initiation- other for recognizing AUG codons during elongation
*N-formyl-methionyl-tRNA; The initiator tRNA carries a methionine residue with formulating
on amino gr., Known as tRNAfMet
A Special Initiator tRNA
The name of the aminoacyl-tRNA, fMet-tRNAf
-This tRNA is used only for Initiation.-Recognize AUG or GUG (occasionally UUG)
tRNAmMet for recognizing AUG
codons in internal locations, no methionine formylation
Initiation Factors:
IF-2 ,control the initiator tRNA entry to the ribosomeIF-1, bind 30S to complete initiation complexIF-3, need for 30S to bind initiation site
Termination Reaction:- release the completed polypeptides-expel tRNAfrom ribosome-dissociate the ribosome tRNA
Termination codons;UAA,most commonUGA > UAGUGA, more error reading
Release Factors,- catalyze termination, A-site-RF-1 for UAA, UAG-RF-2 for UGA, UAA-RF-3 for release RF-1&RF-2