Transfer Station

Module 4 (3)

Collection, transport, transfer

Types of transfer stations Direct load TS : the wastes in the collection vehicles are

emptied directly into the open top transfer vehicle, or into the compacting facilities, or into waste bales that are transported to landfill, or onto a moving conveyor to transport them to processing facilities. Sometimes the wastes are emptied onto an unloading platform, and then pushed into transfer vehicles (surge capacity, emergency storage capacity)pushed into transfer vehicles (surge capacity, emergency storage capacity)

Storage load TS: wastes from collection vehicles are placed in the storage pit, and pushed into open-top transport trailers or into compaction facilities, or into a moving conveyor to transport them to processing facilities

Combined direct load and discharge load: wastes discharged onto unloading platform. After recyclable materials have been removed, the remaining waste is loaded into transport trailers with front end loaders

Types of TS

Classification of TS according to capacity

Small (less than 100 ton/day)

Medium (between 100 - 500 ton/day)

Large (more than 500 ton/day)

Direct load TS without compaction

Wastes are directly emptied to transport vehicle

TS consists of 2 levels: Elevated level: unloading platform, where wastes from

collection vehicle are emptied

Lower level: loading platform, where wastes are loaded to transport vehicletransport vehicle

Operation: Arriving truck is weighed in the weigh bridge

Truck driver is given stall number for unloading

Unloading process

Reweighing of the trucks

Payment of disposal fee

Direct Load TS

Weigh

booth

Platform

Approach ramp

Platform

scale

Direct load TS

Direct load TS with compactors

Equipped with compactors

Wastes are compacted in the trailers

Wastes are compacted to produce waste bales

Rubber tired vehicle is used to load the wastes Rubber tired vehicle is used to load the wastes

from the unloading zone into the compactor

Objective of compaction: to reduce volume for

reducing transfer cost

Compactor with open

top direct load chute

Large capacity baler.Wastes are loaded into baler with continuous

feed conveyor

Medium

capacity direct

load TS

Small capacity direct load TS

Direct load TS with compaction

Storage load TS

Wastes are emptied directly into a storage pit

Then the wastes are loaded into transport

vehicles by auxiliary equipment

The storage load TS has a capacity to store The storage load TS has a capacity to store

wastes 1-3 days

Large capacity

storage load TS

(2000 t/day)

Storage load TS without compaction

Combined direct load and discharge

load TS

This system is used when material recovey

from SW (MRF) is operated

Collection trucks are weighed, and proceed

direct load of SW to the trailersdirect load of SW to the trailers

Individual waste haulers go to scale house for

check in. Recyclable materials should be

stored in the Recycling area. Other wastes are

disposed of in the public unloading area.

Combined direct

load and discharge

load TS

TS with MRF

Generally involves loading of trailers with

separated and or processed materials (eg

baled paper, cardboard, plastics)

Involves direct load and storage load Involves direct load and storage load

operations

Storage load TS with processing and

compaction facilities

TS design requirements

Type of transfer operation to be used

Storage and throughput capacity

requirements

Equipment and accessory requirements Equipment and accessory requirements

Sanitation requirements

TS capacity requirements

Throughput and storage capacity

requirements must be evaluated carefully

Throughput capacity: collection vehicles

should not wait too long to unload (WHY?)should not wait too long to unload (WHY?)

Trade-off analysis between the TS capacity

and transport operation (equipment & labor

components) cost should be made.

Transport vehicles

Requirements:

Wastes must be transported at minimum costs

Wastes must be covered during the haul operation

Vehicles must be designed for highway traffic Vehicles must be designed for highway traffic

Vehicle capacity must not exceed allowable weight

Methods for unloading must be simple

Types of transport vehicles

Unloading must be simple

MATERIAL RECOVERY FACILITIES (MRF)

MRF is a facility where solid wastes are separated and processed.

MRF may be integrated with transfer facilities (MR/TF)

MRTF include the functions of: A drop off center for separated wastes. Recyclable wastes have

been separated at source. People bring separated waste to the been separated at source. People bring separated waste to the drop off center

A materials separated facility: manual or mechanical

Size reduction facility: shredders, hammer mill, cyclone separator rtc

A facility for composting and bioconversion of solid wastes

A facility for the production of refuse derived fuel, and transfer & transport facility

Waste separation

MRF Activities

Most commonly used SW

transformation

Objective: to reduce SW quantity to be

disposed of

Chemical transformation: combustion, in

conjunction to energy recoveryconjunction to energy recovery

Biological transformation: aerobic composting

Studi kasus I

TPS Permukiman di Kota Surabaya memiliki luas 100-300 m2

Jumlah KK yang dilayani 500, dengan timbulan sampah rumah tangga 0.3 kg/kap.hari. Rata2 jumlah anggota keluarga = 4 orang

Densitas sampah lepas 150 kg/m3, di dalam kontainer 300 kg/m3

Komposisi sampah:

Sampah basah 70% - Gelas : 2% Sampah basah 70% - Gelas : 2%

Plastik : 15% - Tekstil : 2%

Kertas: 6 % - Logam: 1 %

Karet/kulit: 2 % - Sampah lain : 2%

Teknologi apakah yang dapat diterapkan, serta jelaskan pula akan kebutuhan SDM dan sarana prasarana

Berapa luas minimum lahan yang dibutuhkan untuk realisasi rekomendasi Anda tersebut?

Studi kasus II

TPS Pasar di Kota Surabaya memiliki luas rata-rata 200 m2

Timbulan sampah 20 m3/hari


Komposisi sampah:

Sampah basah 80%- Gelas : 0.5%

Plastik : 14% - Tekstil : 0%

Kertas: 3 % - Logam: 0.5 % Kertas: 3 % - Logam: 0.5 %


Rekomendasikan upaya pengembangan TPS tersebut menjadi prasarana yang berbasis pengurangan sampah



Studi kasus III

TPS sebuah kompleks Pertokoan di Kota Surabaya memiliki luas 200 m2

Timbulan sampah 25 m3/hari


Komposisi sampah:

Sampah basah 60% - Gelas: 2 %

Plastik : 25% - Tekstil : 1 %

Kertas: 3 % - Logam: 2 % Kertas: 3 % - Logam: 2 %


Rekomendasikan upaya pengembangan TPS tersebut menjadi prasarana yang berbasis pengurangan sampah



Asumsi2

Laju pemilahan manual oleh seorang pekerja: 1 m3/jam

Harga conveyor sepanjang 100 m USD 50.500. Sedangkan harga yang memiliki panjang 200 m USD 80.000 Laju pemilahan dengan conveyor 2 m3/jam.pekerja

Upah pekerja Rp. 40.000/hari. 1 hari 8 jam kerja, dengan waktu istirahat 1 jamistirahat 1 jam

Harga produk daur-ulang/hasil pemilahan:

Kompos: Rp. 1000/kg

Plastik campuran: Rp. 1500/kg

Kertas campuran: Rp. 900/kg

Logam campuran: Rp. 1500/kg

Harga plastik, kertas, dan logam yang terpisah lebih lanjut lebih tinggi, dan dapat diasumsikan secara khusus.

Transfer Station

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