Traffic Signal

Performance Measures

Alex Hainen

University of Alabama

Darcy Bullock, Jim Sturdevant, Tom Brennan, Chris Day, Steve

Remias, Howell Li, Amanda Stevens, Steve Lavrenz, Rick

Freije, Ben Smith, Ross Haseman, Joey Ernst, Greg Richards,

Ed Cox, Tim Overman, Mark Taylor, Jamie Mackey, Jay Lindly,

Temple Inc., Md Abu Sufian Talukder, Elsa Tedla, Chris Terry,

Tim Britt, Mike Vickrey, Nick Crane, David Kemp, James

Brown, Tim Bunger, Tyler Fields, Walt Townsend

Signal Timing Procedure

OPTIONS

1. Engineer / Synchro

2. Adaptive Signal Control

3. Data Driven Performance

Measures

AASHTO Technology Implementation Group

http://tig.transportation.org

State-wide Traffic Signal ManagementAASHTO Technology Implementation Group http://tig.transportation.org

UDOT Cool Traffic Engineering

1/26/2016

Alabama Website…Work in Progress

1/26/2016

HOW THIS APPROACH WORKS

What is the new traffic data and how does it work?

Using Traffic Signal DataConsider this “mini-corridor” for the Diamond at I-20/59 @ McFarland

Intersection 1

WB Ramp

Intersection 2

EB Ramp

Example: Internal ProgressionNot just for the left-turns, but how is traffic progressing through the interchange

Intersection 1

WB Ramp

Intersection 2

EB Ramp

For this SB thru

movement, we can use

a Purdue Coordination

Diagram to monitor

Purdue Coordination DiagramC:\Users\Alex\Desktop\pcd.mp4

https://www.youtube.com/embed/YhrtTuhcjMw

I-465 @ SR-37Diamond Interchange w/Advanced Loops

Advanced

Detection

Ø5

Ø6 Ø7

OL-HØ6+Ø7

Ø1

Ø2Ø3

OL-DØ1+Ø2

Ring DisplacementOffset Between Coordinated Phases

3 1 2*

7 5 6*

Rin

g 1

Rin

g 2

South

Intersection

North

Intersection

RD = 42s

Ø5

Ø6 Ø7

OL-HØ6+Ø7

Ø1

Ø2Ø3

OL-DØ1+Ø2

Ring StructureFrom the HiRes Data, Plot the Rings

Ø5

Ø6 Ø7

OL-HØ6+Ø7

Ø1

Ø2Ø3

OL-DØ1+Ø2

Ring

Displacement

Ring DisplacementHow is this parameter set?

Ø5

Ø6 Ø7

OL-HØ6+Ø7

Ø1

Ø2Ø3

OL-DØ1+Ø2

SB Thru DetectorsConsider one of the four internal movements

Ø5

Ø6 Ø7

OL-HØ6+Ø7

Ø1

Ø2Ø3

OL-DØ1+Ø2

Arrival on Green?Plot the green status of the overlap

Ø5

Ø6 Ø7

OL-HØ6+Ø7

Ø1

Ø2Ø3

OL-DØ1+Ø2

Project the Detector Data295’ upstream ≈ 5 seconds @ 40 MPH

The engineer who set the ring displacement did a

fantastic job at arrivals on green for this movement!

Ø5

Ø6 Ø7

OL-HØ6+Ø7

Ø1

Ø2Ø3

OL-DØ1+Ø2

Adjusting the ring displacementWhat effect would it have?

RD RD

Ø5

Ø6 Ø7

OL-HØ6+Ø7

Ø1

Ø2Ø3

OL-DØ1+Ø2

Ring Displacement +10 SecondsWhat effect would it have?

RD+10 RD+10

Ø5

Ø6 Ø7

OL-HØ6+Ø7

Ø1

Ø2Ø3

OL-DØ1+Ø2

Ring Displacement +20 SecondsVehicles from upstream arrive later

RD +20 RD +20

Ø5

Ø6 Ø7

OL-HØ6+Ø7

Ø1

Ø2Ø3

OL-DØ1+Ø2

Ring Displacement +20 SecondsVehicles from upstream arrive later

By moving the ring displacement 20 seconds

forward, the lagging WBL from the north ramp

movement arrives at the south intersection on OL-D

red while the EBL at the south ramp is served…

Not Good!

0%

25%

50%

75%

100%

-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40

SB Thru

points

Optimization CurvesLet’s Look at the Southbound Thru (Our +0, +10, +20 example)

SB Thru

Pe

rce

nt o

n G

ree

n

Ring Displacement Adjustment

0%

25%

50%

75%

100%

-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40

SB Thru

points

Optimization CurvesSouthbound Thru +10

SB Thru

Pe

rce

nt o

n G

ree

n

Ring Displacement Adjustment

0%

25%

50%

75%

100%

-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40

SB Thru

points

Optimization CurvesSouthbound Thru +20

SB Thru

Pe

rce

nt o

n G

ree

n

Ring Displacement Adjustment

0%

25%

50%

75%

100%

-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40

SB Thru

Optimization CurvesSouthbound Thru for the Full Sweep

SB Thru

Pe

rce

nt o

n G

ree

n

Ring Displacement Adjustment

0%

25%

50%

75%

100%

-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40

SB Thru

NB Thru

SB Left

NB Left

Consider All Four Movements SimultaneouslyNBL, NBT, SBL, SBT

SB Thru

NB Thru

SB Left

NB Left

Pe

rce

nt o

n G

ree

n

Ring Displacement Adjustment

0%

25%

50%

75%

100%

-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40

SB Thru

NB Thru

SB Left

NB Left

COMPOSITE

Composite Interchange SweepThis is where all four movements are considered simultaneously

SB Thru

NB Thru

SB Left

NB Left

Composite

Pe

rce

nt o

n G

ree

n

Ring Displacement Adjustment

Ø5

Ø6 Ø7

OL-HØ6+Ø7

Ø1

Ø2Ø3

OL-DØ1+Ø2

Purdue Coordination DiagramAlso Useful to Visualize Arrivals on Green

Time of Day

Tim

e in C

ycle

(S

eco

nds)

Start of

Green

Start of

Red

Ø5

Ø6 Ø7

OL-HØ6+Ø7

Ø1

Ø2Ø3

OL-DØ1+Ø2

Purdue Coordination DiagramLooking at an entire plan (0900-1400)

Time of Day

Tim

e in C

ycle

(S

eco

nds)

9:0

0

10:0

0

11:0

0

12:0

0

13:0

0

14:0

0

Start of

Green

Start of

Red

Ø5

Ø6 Ø7

OL-HØ6+Ø7

Ø1

Ø2Ø3

OL-DØ1+Ø2

24HR PCD: Sequence for 0900-1400First is Ø6 SBT, then Ø7 WBL from the ramp

Time of Day

Tim

e in C

ycle

(S

eco

nds)

Start of

Green

Start of

Red

SEQUENCE OPTIMIZATION

A Brief 2-Slide Explanation and Cool Results Video

I-69 / 96th Street Diamond InterchangeHow to handle the left-turn phasing?

Based on the

arriving platoons,

should the left

turn lead or lag?

I-69 / 96th StreetWB Thru

0

30

60

90

120

9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00

0

30

60

90

120

9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00

BEFORE AOG = 5,866 AFTER AOG = 7,315 (+1,449)

Tim

e in

Cycle

(S

econds)

Tim

e in

Cycle

(S

econds)

S M T W T F S S M T W T F S

1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

17 18 19 20 21 22 23 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

24 25 26 27 28 29 30 29 30 31

NOVEMBER 2013 DECEMBER 2013

WBT After VideoC:\Users\Alex\Desktop\sequence.mp4

https://www.youtube.com/embed/B4qGZo2_0q4

Tuscaloosa Signals 85 Signals covering 7 Corridors

Sunnyside Avenue

E 1300 S

S 2300 E

E 1700 S

E 2100 S

Foothill Boulevard

UDOT Offset Salt Lake City

This was very effectiveto show executive staffthe benefits and improve-ments

What do we need for this?Implementation of Data-Driven Performance Measures

• Detection

– Advanced, by-lane detection with crisp arrival information

– Need to capture each vehicle

• Communication

– Fiber is great, especially if existing

– Cellular is fine too. Also, radio can fill in the gaps

• Data-Logging Traffic Controllers

– Most modern controllers feature built-in data logging

– Siemens M54 & M60, Econolite ASC/3 & Cobalt, Peek

ATC1000

Conclusion: These Graphics are Useful!Can they be included on newer generation traffic controllers?

Conclusion: These Graphics are Useful!Can they be included on newer generation traffic controllers?

Conclusion: High-Resolution Event-Based DataPowerful New Way to Monitor, Operate, and Optimize Signals

Siemens M52

Data Logging

Controller

alexhainen.com

Programming Lots of Equipment

Advanced Detection Installation – Wireless SetupOne detector in each lane, in each direction, 5 seconds upstream

Advanced Detection InstallationContractor coring a 4” hole in AL-69S SB (just south of Skyland)

Advanced Detection InstallationCompleted Sensor Install. Will be almost invisible.

Installing Lots of Equipment