Toward 2050 in Texas

7/29/2019 Toward 2050 in Texas

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Toward 2050 in TexasA Roundtable Report on Houstons Experience as One

o the Most Diverse Metros in the Nation

Julie Ajinkya March 2013

WWW.AMERICANPROGRESS.O


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Toward 2050 in TexasA Roundtable Report on Houstons Experience as One

o the Most Diverse Metros in the Nation

Julie Ajinkya March 2013

About Progress 2050

Progress 2050, a project o the Center or Ameri can Progress, seeks to lead, broaden, and strengthen the

progressive movement by working toward a more inclusive progressive agendao ne that truly relects our

nations rich ethnic a nd racial diversity. By 2050 there will be no ethni c majority in our nati on and to ensure

that the unprecedented growth o communities o color also yields uture prosperity, we work to close racial

disparities across the board with innovative policies that work or all.

About PolicyLink

PolicyLink is a national research and action institute advancing economic and social equity by Liting Up What Works.

Founded in 1999, PolicyLink connects the work o people on the ground to the creation o sustainable communities o op-

portunity that allow everyone to participate and prosper. Liting Up What Works is our way o ocusing attention on how

people are working successully to use local, state, and ederal policy to create conditions that benet everyone, especially

people in low-income communities and communities o color. We share our ndings and analysis through our publica-

tions, website and online tools, convenings, national summits, and in briengs with national and local policymakers.


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1 Introduction and summary

4 Houstons demographic shift

7 Demographic change offers Houston challenges and

opportunities

16 Conclusion

17 About the author and acknowledgements

19 Endnotes

Contents


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1 Center or American Progress |Toward 2050 in Texas

Introduction and summary

Te Unied Saes is rapidly approaching he poin where here will no longer be

any clear racial or ehnic majoriyhe mos recen census projecions predic his

will happen as early as 2043.1 A he same ime, he ases-growing racial and ehnic

groups were hi rs and wors by he recen economic downurn and ace persisen

barriers o achieving he levels o educaion, healh, and employmen ha our naion

needs o succeed in he global economy. As he enire counry undergoes his dra-

maic demographic ransormaion, leaders in governmen, business, philanhropy,

and he civic secor mus ake seps now o prepare or a more diverse uure.

In many communiies, hese demographic shis are well underway. People o

color are already he majoriy in our saes and in more han 300 counies across

he counry.2 And children o color comprise he majoriy o children in 10 saes

and 35 large mero areas.3 Communiy leaders working in hese places may well

have wisdom and relevan sraegies o share wih oher communiies preparing

or similar populaion shis.

I is in his spiri ha Progress 2050a projec o he Cener or American

Progressand PolicyLinka naional research and acion insiue advancing

economic and social equiyparnered o hold a series o roundables in com-

muniies ha have already experienced aspecs o his demographic shi. Over he

las year we have raveled around he counry o hese bellweher communiies o

have a local dialogue wih key communiy members abou hree quesions:

Wha are he opporuniies and challenges o hese demographic changes?

Wha sraegies are working a he local level ha can inorm oher places and

naional policy?

How can advocaes shi he conversaionha mos oen occurs around

demographic changerom one ha ocuses on decis and gaps o one ha is

squarely ocused on he opporuniy o diversiy?


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Tis is he h repor in a series documening hese roundable discussions

and describes a conversaion ha ook place in Houson, exas, in March 2012.

Previous roundables ook place in Arlingon, Virginia ( July 2011); Los Angeles,

Caliornia (Ocober 2011); San Joaquin Valley, Caliornia (Ocober 2011); and

Raleigh, Norh Carolina (December 2011).

Roundable paricipans included communiy aciviss, policy researchers, busi-

ness leaders, academics, and sa rom eleced oces. (See he ull lis o conven-

ing paricipans on page 18.) Te range o heir experise was diverse, spanning

issues includingbu no limied oeconomic developmen, air lending,

nancial securiy, educaion, incarceraion, civil righs, and civic engagemen.

We chose exasand specically he ciy o Housonas he sie or his dis-

cussion because he Houson area is now he eighh-mos diverse mero area in

he naion, wih 60 percen o is residens coming rom communiies o color.4

Over he pas hree decades, Houson has experienced explosive populaiongrowhgrowing rom 3.2 million people o 5.9 million peoplemosly driven

by he regions communiies o color. People o color accouned or 78 percen o

he areas populaion growh in he 1980s, 91 percen o growh in he 1990s, and

93 percen o growh in he 2000s.5 And as he 2012 elecion urned all eyes on

he massive demographic shi ha our naion is experiencing, exas is a prime

example o a sae where boh paries will be paying close atenion and acively

rying o engage is diverse populaion in he democraic process.

Houson has also experienced consisenly srong job growh. Housons leisure

and hospialiy secor, or example, saw a job growh rae o 8.4 percen in he

pas yearour imes he secors naional increase o 2.1 percen. Moreover, is

consrucion employmen increased by 7 percen, compared o jus 0.1 percen

naionally.6 Many o hese new jobs, however, are low wage, depressing incomes

as a resul. And since he Grea Recession o 20072009, job growh is no

keeping pace wih he growing labor orce. A he same ime, he regions ases-

growing groups ace some o he highes povery and unemploymen and low

levels o educaional atainmen.

Even sill, our roundable paricipans were opimisic ha, wih he righ inves-mens and changes in policy, he Houson area could make huge gains and ake

advanage o all he opporuniies inheren in he regions growing diversiy.


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We begin our accoun wih some demographic conex abou exas, paricu-

larly he Houson region. We hen discuss he prominen hemesemploy-

men and educaion, inegraion, and civic engagemenha roundable

paricipans explained were he mos pressing issues o address in he region,

all he while highlighing bes pracices in he Houson area ha can be

employed on he naional level.


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Houstons demographic shift

Sephen Klineberg, co-direcor o he Kinder Insiue or Urban Research a Rice

Universiy, kicked o he roundable discussion wih a presenaion explaining how

exas is already experiencing he populaion shis ha awai he res o he naion.

Beween 2000 and 2010 exass populaion grew by 20.6 percen, compared o a

naional growh rae o 9.7 percen.7 (see Figure 1) Tis growh is largely due o he

saes swelling Laino populaion: Te number o Hispanics in exas grew rom 6.7

million in 2000 o 9.5 million in 201019 percen o he naions oal Hispanicpopulaion.8 And in 2010, Hispanics were he majoriy in 51 exas counies.9 Bu

non-Hispanic groups have infuenced he saes populaion growh as well. In 2010

exass Arican American and Asian American populaions2.8 million people and

850,000 people, respecivelywere also he hird-larges in he counry.10

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Houston Texas United States

White

Black

Hispanic

Asian

25.6%23.7%

43.8%

6%

43.3%

11.8%

37.6%

3.8%

63.7%

12.6%16.3%

4.8%

FIGURE 1

Comparing Texas demographics with the rest of the nation

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau. Texas QuickFacts http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/48000.html; U.S. Census Bureau. Overview of Race

and Hispanic Origin: 2010 March 2011. http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-02.pdf


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Klineberg also described he demographic ransormaion o Harris Couny,

home o he ciy o Houson. Whereas Houson was hisorically considered a bira-

cial souhern ciywhere power was concenraed in he hands o whie men

Klineberg saed ha over he pas hree decades, Houson has become one o he

mos culurally diverse meropolian areas in he counry, and all o is racial and

ehnic groups, including whies, are now minoriieshe exac shi ha he reso he naion will experience over he nex hree decades. Whas more, wihou

immigraion infuxesprimarily rom Asia and Lain Americaand he birhs

o children o immigrans, Houson would be losing is saus as a major growing

ciyas is already he case or Philadelphia, Bualo, and many oher ciies.

Te census gures or Harris Couny over he las six decades illusrae his

demographic shi. In 1960 non-Hispanic whies made up 73.9 percen o he

Harris Couny populaion.11 During he boom years o he 1970s, he couny s

whie populaion grew sharply, bu ha growh was soon curbed by he oil bus

and ensuing recession. As he counys whie populaion dropped in he 1990s,he Arican American, Hispanic, and Asian American populaions grew. By 2011

Harris Couny was 41.4 percen Hispanic, 19.3 percen Arican American, 6.4

percen Asian American, and jus 32.7 percen whie.12

Along wih he major immigraion capials o Los Angeles and New York Ciy,

and closely ollowing upon Miami, San Francisco, and Chicago,13 Houson is a

he oreron o he new diversiy ha is reashioning he sociopoliical landscape

o urban America. According o Klineberg, no ciy has been ransormed as ully,

compleely, suddenly, and irreversibly as Houson.

Houson has also experienced he same growing racial generaion gap ha he res

o he counry currenly aces. While 57 percen o all hose age 65 and over in he

2010 census or Harris Couny were non-Hispanic whies, 76 percen o he counys

childrenhose under age 18were people o color. Te res o he naion is

already experiencing his gap, wih whies comprising 80 percen o hose age 65 and

over in 2010, and projecions esimaing ha he under-18 populaion will become

majoriy communiies o color by 2019.14 Te problem ha his generaion gap pres-

ens is ha he younger generaions in Houson and he res o he naion a large are

no only disproporionaely people o color, bu also generally ar less privileged inerms o heir levels o income, educaion, healh saus, and lie opporuniies.


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According o Klineberg, his demographic shi and growing generaion gap pres-

en us wih a challenge o make sure ha children o color, who are he mos likely

o live in povery, are no cu o rom heir uure. Moreover, he argued ha he

Houson region mus work o overcome a broader sense o disconnecedness ha

exiss beween is whie populaion and is residens o color. Barriers beween

hese communiies ranslae ino inequiable disribuion o he regions asses andinvesmens, meaning ha communiies o color will coninue o be le behind in

spie o regional growh.


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Demographic change offers Houston

challenges and opportunities

Te roundable paricipans elaboraed on he challenges ha his demographic

shi has presened o he Houson area, bu hey also described diversiy as an asse

ha can be leveraged o ensure he uure prosperiy o he region as a whole. While

some o his work is already underway, paricipans suggesed areas where here is

more o be done. Te roundable discussion revolved around hree general hemes:

Educaing and raining he workorce is key o building a srong economy.

Increasing diversiy mus be accompanied by greaer inegraion.

Encouraging civic engagemen gives voice o Housons communiies o color.

Les look a hese hemes in urher deail.

Educating and training the workforce is key to building a strong

economy

exasspecically he Houson mero areais experiencing srong economic

growh even in odays dicul economic climae. In ac, Houson has opped he

lis on economic recovery measures since he recession. Beween 2006 and 2011,

or insance, Houson added more han 100,000 privae-secor jobs, more han any

oher major U.S. ciy, mos o which acually los jobs over he same period due

o he recession.15 Addiionally, in 2011 he Houson area alone saw $3.35 billion

in consrucion conracs, and an indusry exper recenly prediced ha number

would increase by 4 percen o 13 percen in 2012, wih he expeced volume o

commercial consrucion conracs in 2012 reaching $3.5 billion o $3.8 billion.16

Ye economic indicaors demonsrae ha people o color are no beneing

equally rom his growh. Roundable paricipans expressed concern wih higher

raes o unemploymen and povery or he Houson mero regions communi-


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ies o color. In 2010, or insance, while he regions Arican Americans had he

highes rae o unemploymen9.8 percenhe regions oher communiies o

color also had higher unemploymen raes han ha o he regions whie commu-

niy. Te rae is 6 percen or Lainos, 5.7 percen or Naive Americans and Alaska

Naives, and 4.7 percen or Asians and Pacic Islanders, while i is 4.3 percen or

whies. Addiionally, while one in six Houson mero residens live below he pov-ery level, his number is one in our or he regions Arican Americans, Lainos,

and Naive Americans and Alaska Naives.17

What can be done: Educating the future workforce and engaging

all sectors in promoting diversity

Te rapid growh o Housons economy has made i essenial o prepare sudens

o color or enry ino he workorce. Whas more, he resource economy o

he indusrial eraor which Houson was ormerly so avorably posiioned dueo is abundance o nonreproducible naural resourceshas now ransiioned in

large par o a new high-ech, knowledge-based, ully worldwide markeplace. Tis

new economy has less o do wih naural resources and more o do wih human

resources, meaning ha well-paying jobs oday require high levels o echnical

skills and educaional credenials.

Klineberg noed ha responses o a 2011 Rice Universiy survey signal Houson-

area residens awareness o hese changes. In he survey, 78 percen o Houson-

area residens disagreed ha A high school educaion is enough o ge a good job,

and he percen o people who sponaneously menioned educaion when asked

o name he bigges problem acing people in Houson jumped o 7.6 percen in

2011 rom jus 1.7 percen in 2009 and 2 percen in 2010.18

Te impac o educaional atainmen on employmen is well known. According

o he Bureau o Labor Saisics, as o Sepember 2012, 11.3 percen o U.S. indi-

viduals who have no graduaed rom high school are unemployed, whereas ha

number drops o 4.1 percen or hose wih a bachelors degree or higher.19

Bu in a world where educaion is absoluely criical, exas is ranked 50h o he50 saes in he number o high school graduaes in he populaion age 25 and

over: Only 80 percen o exas aduls had a leas a high school diploma in 2009.

And while graduaion raes or he saes black and Hispanic sudens opped 80

percen or he rs ime in sae hisory in 2011, here are concerns ha hese


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gains are exaggeraing he rue progress ha has been madeparicularly given

ha some saes can exclude a signican number o young people rom heir

dropou raes, including hose who leave he saes public schools o move o

anoher sae or counry, o atend privae school, or o be homeschooled.20

o prosper in he new worldwide economy, Housonand he naion as awholewill need o nurure a ar more educaed workorce. Te roundable

paricipans discussed he imporance o engaging dieren indusries in meeing

his goal, and argued ha imporan sakeholders such as he privae companies,

oundaions, and nonpros ha play a large par in he local economy should be-

er engage and promoe he imporance o diversiy.

Houson is home o several o he naions larges companies. In 2012, 25 Houson

businesses were ranked on he Forune 500 lis, including oil magnaes such as

ExxonMobil and ConocoPhillips.21 Alhough he uure o hese businesses is ied

o he srengh o Housons workorce, convening paricipans expressed heireeling ha hese companies have largely remained isolaed rom policy debaes

abou educaion and oher areas where diversiy has an impac.

Bu one such iniiaivehe Digial Connecors programhas already made

grea srides in preparing he regions diverse youh or he areas I workorces

needs. Digial Connecors is he produc o a parnership beween Neighborhood

Ceners Inc.one o he ciys organizaions ha ocuses on economic and social

developmenand Comcas. (see box)

Increasing diversity must be accompanied by greater integration

According o he Kinder Insiues 2012 Houson-area survey, Houson residens

srongly value he diversiy o heir ciy. Specically, he percenage who hough

ha increasing diversiy in Houson would evenually become a source o grea

srengh or he ciy, raher han a growing problem, grew rom 55 percen in

1996 and 61 percen in 2006 o 69 percen in boh 2010 and 2012.22

Percepions o ehnic relaions in Houson are also improving. Te share o surveyrespondens giving posiive evaluaions o he relaions among ehnic groups in

he Houson area demonsraed a marked improvemen over levels recorded in

previous years49 percen in 2012, up rom 21 percen and 23 percen or he

early 1990s and 42 percen in boh 2010 and 2011.23


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The Digital Connectors program is the product o a partnership

between Neighborhood Centers Inc. and Comcast and aims to pre-

pare youth to enter the regions growing IT eld. Youth participants

enhance their opportunity or meaningul and nancially rewarding

employment while developing leadership skills as evidenced by par-

ticipation in service-learning projects helping their neighborhoods

access and benet rom technology.

A dedicated instructor leads the Digital Connectors classes through

the 156-hour curriculum that explores 12 core competency areas

ranging rom personal development to advanced technology skills.

Other topics covered include leadership and diversity, workorce

development, nancial literacy, sotware and programming, m

production, and civic journalism.

In addition to providing this classroom training, the program a

underlines the importance o connecting youth to their comm

ties. One past service-learning project, or instance, involved D

Connectors rom the Ripley House Neighborhood Center dedic

600 hours o their time to children and seniors in the commun

The participants helped children understand how to saely nav

the Internet and taught seniors how to order medical prescript

online, saving them both time and money.

Promising practice: Houstons Digital Connectors

Bu despie residens opimism abou increasing diversiy, he roundable parici-

pans poined ou ha housing segregaion remains a persisen challenge o inegra-

ion. Oher paricipans poined ou ha Housons diversicaion has been uneven,

wih some suburban areas experiencing more inegraion han urban areas.

Recen housing daa underscore heir concerns. Over he pas 20 years, he Houson

region has experienced a decline in segregaion beween racial and ehnic groups,

alhough is levels o segregaion remain high.24 One in our o he regions unem-

ployed residens, or example, live in neighborhoods where a leas 90 percen o he

residens are people o color.25 While here was modes improvemen in segregaion

beween whies and Arican Americans rom 0.70 in 1990 o 0.64 in 2010a value

o 0 denoes complee inegraion and 1 denoes complee segregaionsegregaion

beween whies and Asian Americans remained essenially unchanged and segrega-

ion beween whies and Hispanics acually rose slighly over he same period, rom

0.52 in 1990 o 0.55 in 2010. Te greaes decline in segregaion during his period

occurred beween Arican Americans and Lainos.26

Te roundable paricipans also discussed he srong oundaion presence in

Houson, paricularly communiy oundaions ha pool donaions ino a coor-

dinaed invesmen and gran-making process ha ocuses on improving a given

place. According o he Foundaion Cener, Houson is home o wo o he 20


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larges Communiy Foundaions in he counry by oal giving: Communiies

Foundaion o exas, Inc., and he Greaer Houson Communiy Foundaion.27

Ye paricipans expressed heir concern ha nonpros were no succeeding

in creaing coaliions ha maximized he resuls o oundaion invesmens.

Paricipans suggesed ha menorship and voluneerism could help connec he

regions businesses and oundaions wih Housons broader communiy.

Jennier ouche o Rebuilding ogeher HousonHousons larges commu-

niy oureach organizaion working o preserve aordable homeownership and

revialize neighborhoodsdescribed he poenial benes o direc voluneer

work. In her opinion, such programs build relaionships and increase exposure

beween he wealhier, largely whie voluneers and low-income, inner-ciy diverse

residens. Rebuilding ogeher Houson oers communiy service opporuniies

o more han 5,000 voluneers every year while renovaing and repairing hundreds

o homes annually wih marke value o nearly $5.4 million.28

ouche has worked wih corporae voluneers and emphasized ha her organi-

zaion and ohers have a duy o build culural awareness raining ino voluneer

opporuniies so ha voluneers do no reinorce heir sereoypes abou commu-

niies o color hrough voluneer work. Such menorship could provide promis-

ing opporuniies or employees o privae companies as well as oundaions o

promoe diversiy in heir insiuional setings.

Finally, he roundable paricipans also discussed he imporance o building

capaciy in communiies o make sure ha insiuions do no prosper a he

expense o Housons diverse communiies. Specically, Niiobli Armah o he

Cener or Healh Equiy and Evaluaion Research, urged convening paricipans

o ocus on leveraging he vas amouns o research money available in Houson

ino making concree changes ha would bene Housons communiies. He

argued ha researchers should no be allowed o gaher daa rom Housons resi-

dens and hen reurn o academia wihou leaving somehing behind. According

o Armah, Housons nonpros need o work wih hose researchers o make sure

ha hey sar leaving capaciy in he communiies. Te regions businesses and

oundaions should also undersand ha capaciy building helps he common

good. Ensuring he resilience o he regions diverse communiies will also ensureha he prosperiy hese insiuions enjoy coninues in he long erm.


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What can be done: Making diversity visible

Paricipans explained ha he lack o inegraion in Houson creaes a barrier o

engaging diverse sakeholders on issues relevan o Housons uure. One parici-

pan saed ha i Housons decision makers, policymakers, and corporaions

don see he diversiy, hey don see he need.

o fourish in he years ahead, he region will need o develop ino a much more

inegraed and inclusive muliehnic socieyone in which equaliy o opporu-

niy is ruly made available o all o Housons residens, and all o is communiies

are encouraged o paricipae as ull parners in shaping Housons uure.

According o convening paricipan Eric Lyons o he Houson Ciizens Chamber

o Commerce, he Greaer Houson Parnership has already aken such seps

oward building a more inclusive region and promoing collaboraion beween

dieren communiies. Te parnership esablished he Common GroundIniiaive, which coordinaes work beween several organizaionsincluding he

Hispanic Chamber, he Asian Chamber, he Indo-American Chamber, and he

Houson Ciizens Chamber o Commerceon policy iniiaives such as immigra-

ion reorm and educaional unding. (see box) Lyons saed ha he success o

he Common Ground Iniiaive sems rom is ocus on he economic rame or

is policies and is abiliy o underscore he common economic challenges and

opporuniies ha Housons diverse communiies ace.

Encouraging civic engagement gives voice to Houstons

communities of color

Convening paricipans el ha robus civic paricipaion was key o ideniying

and addressing soluions o he problems o inequiy and segregaion described

above. Ye paricipans argued ha advocacy organizaions and residens o color

ace numerous obsacles o civic engagemenboh on a local and naional level.

Voing, or insance, was discussed as he mos basic orm o civic paricipaion, ye

low regisraion and urnou raes mean ha he growing numerical srengh o com-muniies o color across exas has ye o ranslae ino poliical srengh ha would

address heir concerns. Te sae has a problem wih low voer urnou in general,

bu his problem is especially pronounced in poor neighborhoods o color.


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The Greater Houston Partnership aims to build regional economic

prosperity and, in doing so, has ormed the Common Ground Initia-

tive to promote collaboration across the regions diverse chambers.

This initiative ocuses on uniting communities through an economic

values rame, specically asking how business projects might benet

the regions diverse communities and consequently the regions

economic success.

The expansion o the Panama Canal, or instance, is a project that will

have great implications or the Houston metropolitan area, given that

the Port o Houston and the Houston region are on track to benet

rom the increase in trade cargo that will ow rom Asia and So

America once the canal expands capacity.29 The maritime indus

however, does not have representative numbers o workers o

who are licensed, trained, and certied to ll its positions.

The initiative understood the need to engage the regions yout

color with such economic opportunities, and ocused on introd

ing training programs in Jenkins High School, Houston Commu

College, and Texas Southern University, among other institutio

to specically target opportunities to the Arican American com

nityone o the least represented communities in the industr

Promising practice: Houstons chambers of commerce promote collaboration

While Hispanics consiue a signican percenage o he saes eligible voing

populaion25 percenheir urnou raes lag considerably compared o oher

saes wih large Hispanic populaions. In 2008, 54 percen urned ou in New

Mexico and 57 percen urned ou in Caliornia, while only 38 percen urned

ou in exasar below he hen-naional average o 50 percen. While reliable

urnou daa by racial and ehnic groups or he 2012 elecion has no ye been

released, preliminary analysis demonsraes ha demographic growh in his com-

muniy across he counry led o more Hispanics voing han ever beore in he

2012 elecionye heir urnou rae coninues o lag behind he general public

by a subsanial margin.30

In addiion, here are voer suppression eors underway ha would dispropor-

ionaely aec he saes residens o color.

In May 2011 exas Gov. Rick Perry (R) signed a voer ID bill ino law ha hrea-

ened o disenranchise Hispanics a a greaer rae han whie ciizens. According o

he Brennan Cener or Jusice, even by he mos conservaive esimaes, he per-

cenage o Laino voers wihou an ID in exas exceeds he percenage o whievoers wihou an ID.31 Forunaely, in March 2012, he Deparmen o Jusice

announced ha i would no pre-clear he exas voer ID law because exas ailed

o prove ha he law would no have a discriminaory eec on minoriy voers.32


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In addiion o hese suppressive voer ID eors, convening paricipans were

also concerned abou redisricing eors ha would dilue he voing srengh o

communiies o color. Te huge growh in exass populaion over he las decade

is largely atribuable o is rapidly growing communiies o color, who accouned

or 89 percen o he saes populaion growh.33 Largely as a resul o his growh,

exas was alloted our more House seas.34

A redisricing batle over how oapporion hose seas, however, has raged or he las several monhs. A panel

o ederal judges recenly hrew ou he saes redisricing plans because hey

appeared o undermine he poliical clou o he saes residens o color.35

What can be done: D evelop a civic engagement infrastructure

While hese recen ederal inervenions have proeced he voing power o

exass residens o color or he ime being, a he ime o he roundable, parici-

pans remained concerned. A paricipan rom he exas Laino Redisricing askForce argued ha all o hese suppressive eors should be undersood as par o

a larger sraegy o preven he growing Laino populaion rom demonsraing

poliical power, and o hwar he implemenaion o progressive policy a local

and naional levels.

One o he eors ha has been successul a encouraging Houson residens o

engage in heir communiies is he Immigraion and Ciizenship Iniiaive. Over

he las ve years, record numbers o Houson residens have beneed rom he

service delivery model ha educaes residens abou he ciizenship process and

oher issues ha aec he immigran communiy. (see box)

Several convening paricipans also emphasized he need or greaer civic engage-

men beyond voing by ocusing on he developmen o a civic engagemen

inrasrucure in he Houson region. In addiion o elecing candidaes who sup-

por communiies o color, paricipans agreed ha communiy members should

develop a sysem o ongoing dialogue and eecive advocacy around public policy

issues. A member o he Houson-Galveson Area Council noed ha he com-

muniy members who were mos vigorous in conacing eleced ocials were

generally elderly non-Hispanic whie members o he communiy.

Roundable paricipan Niiobli Armah also refeced on he ac ha he

Houson mero area is a pro-business region, which ranslaes ino he dis-

proporionae presence o individuals rom he corporae secor on nonpro


18/24


Beginning in 2006, Neighborhood Centers Inc.; the City o Houstons

Oce o International Communities, ormerly known as the Mayors

Oce o Immigrant and Reugee Afairs; and the NALEO Educational

Fund united to develop the Citizenship and Immigration Forumsa

one-o-a-kind service delivery model that provides ree, quality im-

migration assistance to underserved communities.

An estimated 300,000 individuals are eligible or naturalization in

Harris County.36 While many have the capacity to embark on this com-

plex journey through their own resources, greater numbers nd they

need support rom multiple sources in order to successully complete

the process. The orums were ounded in response to this problem

and are intended to deliver qualied and consistent immigration

services in one location, including:

Assistance with N-400 applications and Deerred Action or Child-

hood Arrivals, or DACA, applications

Legal consultation opportunities

Educational panels on the benets and responsibilities o citize

2012 marked a record year or the Citizenship and Immigration

Initiative. More than 11,000 Houston residents attended orum

received legal consultations, and were assisted with Deerred A

applications. More than 700 clients received individual assistan

with the naturalization application, and a core component o t

program included education on the naturalization process and

topics relevant to the immigrant community. Furthermore, Nei

hood Centers Immigration team assisted more than 5,400 DRE

and o those, about 380 Deerred Action applications were com

ed. Another 4,800 DREAMers received legal guidance rom voluimmigration attorneys and/or inormation on the Deerred Act

program, bringing them one step closer to ullling their dream

becoming a U.S. citizen and a ull stakeholder in their commun

Best practice: Citizenship education

boards and lling execuive-level posiions. While he region is rich in nonpro

organizaions and resources, his has no ranslaed ino eecive grassroos,

movemen-building work.

Increasing raining opporuniies or nonpro leaders, eleced ocials, and lead-

ers o possecondary educaional insiuions could advance he developmen o

a civic engagemen inrasrucure in he region. Such an inrasrucure could be

suppored and srenghened by also encouraging collaboraive eors beween

advocaes, nonpros, business, policymakers, and he public secor, who are com-

mited o improving civic engagemen eors in he region.


19/24


Conclusion

Te Greaer Houson Area coninues o demonsrae incredible economic

srengh during he economic recovery ollowing he Grea Recession. Bu while

he region has also become one o he mos diverse mero regions across he

naion, is growing communiies o color have no equally shared in he regions

economic recovery.

Paricipans a his roundable were paricularly worried abou hese economic

dispariies and argued ha increasing diversiy does no necessarily ranslae inoincreased inegraion. I diversiy remains invisible, hey argue, hen insiuions

will no have any incenive o inves in he communiies ha will be he regions

uure leaders, workers, consumers, and voers. Te business secor and ounda-

ions mus beter engage wih he communiies ha help hem prosper.

Amid his segregaion and disconnecedness, however, are rays o hopesuccessul

iniiaives ha ocus on connecing he regions youh wih is elderly and homeless;

parnerships ha work in collaboraion across communiies o ensure ha everyone

is prepared o ake advanage o he regions mos promising business projecs; and

programs ha help residens become engaged ciizens and ull sakeholders in heir

communiy. Local innovaions like hese should be held up as models or he res

o our naion as we prepare o make similar demographic shis, so we can similarly

ake ull advanage o he opporuniies and benes o diversiy.


20/24


About the author

Julie Ajinkya is a Policy Analys or Progress 2050 a he Cener or American

Progress. Her work ocuses on race, ehniciy, gender, and immigraion poliics,

and she pays paricular atenion o he changing demographics o muliculural

socieies such as he Unied Saes and Wesern Europe. She is currenly also a vis-iing proessor o race poliics and public policy a Cornells cener in Washingon,

D.C. Prior o joining American Progress, she was an insrucor and eaching

assisan a Cornell Universiy while earning her docorae in poliical science. Her

pas work has also ocused on researching global and local womens movemens

and he gendered impacs o inernaional nancial insiuion invesmens in he

developing world. She was a New Voices Fellow rom 2003 o 2005 a he Insiue

or Policy Sudies, where she coordinaed he naional oureach or he insiues

Foreign Policy in Focus projec. Julie earned her masers degree and docorae in

governmen rom Cornell Universiy, where her docoral disseraion examined

he poliical behavior o children o Muslim immigrans and heir campaigns orgender-jusice acivism in Europe and Norh America. She also earned a bach-

elors degree in poliical science rom Amhers College.

Acknowledgements

Te auhor is exremely graeul o hose who helped wih he preparaion o his

repor. She would paricularly like o hank all o he paricipans in he Houson

roundable convening; Sephen Klineberg, co-direcor o he Kinder Insiue or

Urban Research a Rice Universiy; Claudia Vasquez a Neighborhood Ceners;

Angela Glover Blackwell, Sarah reuha, and Saria urner a PolicyLink; and

Vanessa Crdenas, Daniella Gibbs Lger, and Sophia Kerby a he Cener or

American Progress.


21/24


List of participants

Name Organization

Amanda imm LISC

Angela Blanchard Neighborhood Ceners, Inc.Anoine Bryan Te Bryan Design Group

Bala Balachandran Ciy o Houson, Planning and Developmen Deparmen

Chris Bilon Houson Minoriy Business Enerprise Cener

Chuck Franklin exas Sae Senae

Claudia Munoz Resauran Opporuniies Cener o Houson (ROC-Houson)

Claudia Vasquez Neighborhood Ceners, Inc.

Damon Williams Damon Williams Consuling

Dennis Coleman Equaliy exas

Domingo Garcia exas Laino Redisricing ask Force

Eric Lyons Houson Ciizens Chamber o CommerceJe aebel Houson-Galveson Area Council

Jennier ouche Rebuilding ogeher

Kelli King-Jackson Childrens Deense Fund-exas

Leicia Ramirez Rebuilding ogeher

Mark Tiele Houson Housing Auhoriy

Monique Ward MERO

Niiobli Armah Cener or Healh Equiy & Evaluaion Research, MD Anderson

Pa Grin Womens Business Enerprise Alliance

Renee Cross Hobby Cener or Public Policy, Universiy o Houson

Sheri Foreman Houson READ Commission

Sheri Smih Urban Planning and Environmenal Policy, exas Souhern Universiy

Sephen Klineberg Kinder Insiue

Seve Murdock Hobby Cener or Public Policy, Universiy o Houson

erence ONeil Deparmen o Neighborhoods, Ciy o Houson

eri Burke ACLU exas

erry Sringer American Associaion o Blacks in Energy

odd Jackson ri-Couny Black Chamber o Commerce


22/24


Endnotes

1 U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Census Bureau ProjectionsShow a Slower Growing, Older, More Diverse Nation aHal Century rom Now, Press release, December 12,2012, available at http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/population/cb12-243.html.

2 U.S. Census Bureau, More Than 300 Counties NowMajority-Minority, Press release, August 9 , 2007, avail-able at http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/population/cb07-113.html.

3 William H. Frey, Americas Diverse Future: InitialGlimpses at the U.S. Child Population rom the 2 010Census (Washington: Brookings Institution, 2011),available at http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/les/papers/2011/4/06%20census%20diver-sity%20rey/0406_census_diversity_rey.

4 PolicyLink and USC Program or Environmental & Re-gional Equity (PERE), An Equity Prole o the HoustonRegion (2012).

5 Ibid.

6 Bureau o Labor Statistics, Houston Area Employ-

mentSeptember 2012, Press release, October 25,2012, available at http://www.bls.gov/ro6/ax/hous-ton_ces.pd.

7 U.S. Census Bureau, Texas QuickFacts, available athttp://quickacts.census.gov/qd/states/48000.html.

8 Betsy Guzman, The Hispanic Population: 2000 (Wash-ington: U.S. Census Bureau, 2001), available at http://www.census.gov/prod/2001pubs/c2kbr01-3.pd; U.S.Census Bureau, Texas Quick Facts.

9 U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census Shows NationsHispanic Population Grew Four Times Faster Than TotalU.S. Population, Press release, May 26, 2011, availableat http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/ar-chives/2010_census/cb11-cn146.html.

10 Matt Stiles, U.S. Census Bureau Releases TX Population

Estimates, The Texas Tribune, June 16, 2010, availableat http://www.texastribune.org/texas-counties-and-demographics/census/us-census-bureau-releases-tx-population-estimates/.

11 Stephen Klineberg and the Center or Houstons Future,An Historical Overview o Immigration in Houston,Based on the Houston Area Survey (Houston: RiceUniversity, 2008).

12 U.S. Census Bureau, Harris County, Texas Quick-Facts, available at http://quickacts.census.gov/qd/states/48/48201.html.

13 Migration Policy Institute, Global City Migration Map,available at http://www.migrationinormation.org/datahub/gcmm.cm#map1.

14 Grayson K. Vincent and Victoria A. Velkof, The

Next Four Decades: The Older Population in theUnited States: 2010 to 2050 (Washington: U.S. CensusBureau, 2010), available at http://www.census.gov/prod/2010pubs/p25-1138.pd; U.S. Census Bureau,2012 National Population Projections, available athttp://www.census.gov/population/projections/data/national/2012.html.

15 Houston gained most U.S. jobs since recession,Houston Business Journal, February 7, 2012, avail-able at http://www.bizjournals.com/houston/news/2012/02/07/houston-gained-most-us-jobs-since.html.

16 Jennier Dawson, Increase predicted in commercialconstruction, Houston Business Journal, February3, 2012, available at http://www.bizjournals.com/houston/blog/breaking-ground/2012/02/increase-predicted-in-commercial.html.

17 PolicyLink and USC Program or Environmental & Re-gional Equity (PERE), An Equity Prole o the HoustonRegion.

18 Rice University, 30th annual survey shows Houstoniansupbeat about city s uture, Press release, April 20, 2011,available at http://news.rice.edu/2011/04/20/30th-annual-survey-shows-houstonians-upbeat-about-citys-uture/.

19 Bureau o Labor Statistics, Economic News Release,Press release, February 1, 2013, available at http://www.bls.gov/news.release/empsit.t04.htm.

20 Jennier Radclife, Texas high school graduate ratereaches record high, Houston Chronicle, August3, 2012, available at http://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/Texas-high-school-graduation-rate-reaches-record-3760590.php.

21 CNN Money, Fortune 500, available at http://money.cnn.com/magazines/ortune/ortune500/2012/snap-shots/387.html?iid=splwinners.

22 Rice University Kinder Institute or Urban Research,The Kinder Houston Area Survey2012: Perspectiveson a city in transition (Houston: Rice University, 2012).

23 Ibid.

24 Michael O. Emerson and others. Houston RegionGrows More Racially/Ethnically Diverse, With Small De-

clines in Segregation: A Joint Report Analyzing CensusData rom 1990, 2000, and 2010 (Houston: The KinderInstitute or Urban Research & the Hobby Center orthe Study o Texas, 2012), available at http://kinder.rice.edu/uploadedFiles/Urban_Research_Center/Media/Houston%20Region%20Grows%20More%20Ethni-cally%20Diverse%202-13.pd.

25 PolicyLink and USC Program or Environmental & Re-gional Equity (PERE), An Equity Prole o the HoustonRegion.

26 Emerson and others, Houston Region Grows MoreRacially/Ethnically Diverse, With Small Declines inSegregation: A Joint Report Analyzing Census Datarom 1990, 2000, and 2010. The report uses a measureo segregation called the Dissimilarity (D) Index, whichranges rom 0 (complete integration) to 1 (completesegregation).

27 Foundation Center, Top 100 U.S. Foundations by TotalGiving, available at http://oundationcenter.org/nd-unders/topunders/top100giving.html (last accessedMay 2012).

28 Rebuilding Together Houston, Our Impact, available athttp://www.rebuildingtogetherhouston.org/cms/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1&Itemid=2.
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29 Letter rom Chair James T. Edmonds and AmbassadorChase Untermeyer World Trade Board to ExecutiveCommittee, May 11, 2011, available at http://www.houston.org/pd/resolutions/2011/Signed%20Resolu-tion%20Support%20U.S.%20-%20Free%20Trade%20Agreements%20with%20Columbia,%20Panama%20and%20Korea.pd.

30 Paul Taylor, The Growing Electoral Clout o Blacksis Driven by Turnout, Not Demographics (Washing-ton: Pew Research Social & Demographic Trends,2012), available at http://www.pewsocialtrends.

org/2012/12/26/the-growing-electoral-clout-o-blacks-is-driven-by-turnout-not-demographics/.

31 Sundeep Iyer, Texass Own Data Reveal DiscriminatoryImpact o ID Law, The Brennan Center or Justice, No-vember 16, 2011, available at http://www.brennancen-ter.org/blog/archives/texass_own_data_reveals_dis-criminatory_impact_o_voter_id_law/.

32 Charlie Savage, Justice Dept. Blocks Texas on PhotoID or Voting, The New York Times, March, 12, 2012,available at http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/13/us/

justice-dept-blocks-texas-photo-id-law.html?_r=0.

33 Ross Ramsey and others, Minorities Drove TexasGrowth, Census Figures Show, The Texas Tribune, Feb-ruary 18, 2011, available at http://www.texastribune.org/2011/02/18/minorities-drove-texas-growth-cen-sus-gures-show/.

34 Keesha Gaskins, Texas Redistricting 101, The BrennanCenter or Justice, January 12, 2012, available at http://www.brennancenter.org/blog/archives/texas_redis-tricting_101/.

35 Voting Rights and Texas, The New York Times, Decem-ber 3, 2011. See also: Robert Barnes, Texas redistrictingdiscriminates against minorities, ederal court says,

The Washington Post, August 28, 2012, available athttp://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/texas-redistricting-discriminates-against-minorities-ederal-court-says/2012/08/28/6e6a2e0-156-11e1-892d-

bc92ee603a7_story.html; Voting R ights and Texas,The New York Times, December 3, 2011, available athttp://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/04/opinion/sunday/voting-rights-and-texas.html?_r=2.

36 Susan Carroll, Drive envisions 8 million n ew citizens,Houston Chronicle, November 22, 2012, available athttp://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/houston/article/Drive-envisions-8-million-new-citizens-4060357.php.
http://www.houston.org/pdf/resolutions/2011/Signed%20Resolution%20Support%20U.S.%20-%20Free%20Trade%20Agreements%20with%20Columbia,%20Panama%20and%20Korea.pdfhttp://www.houston.org/pdf/resolutions/2011/Signed%20Resolution%20Support%20U.S.%20-%20Free%20Trade%20Agreements%20with%20Columbia,%20Panama%20and%20Korea.pdfhttp://www.houston.org/pdf/resolutions/2011/Signed%20Resolution%20Support%20U.S.%20-%20Free%20Trade%20Agreements%20with%20Columbia,%20Panama%20and%20Korea.pdfhttp://www.houston.org/pdf/resolutions/2011/Signed%20Resolution%20Support%20U.S.%20-%20Free%20Trade%20Agreements%20with%20Columbia,%20Panama%20and%20Korea.pdfhttp://www.houston.org/pdf/resolutions/2011/Signed%20Resolution%20Support%20U.S.%20-%20Free%20Trade%20Agreements%20with%20Columbia,%20Panama%20and%20Korea.pdfhttp://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2012/12/26/the-growing-electoral-clout-of-blacks-is-driven-by-turnout-not-demographics/http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2012/12/26/the-growing-electoral-clout-of-blacks-is-driven-by-turnout-not-demographics/http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2012/12/26/the-growing-electoral-clout-of-blacks-is-driven-by-turnout-not-demographics/http://www.brennancenter.org/blog/archives/texass_own_data_reveals_discriminatory_impact_of_voter_id_law/http://www.brennancenter.org/blog/archives/texass_own_data_reveals_discriminatory_impact_of_voter_id_law/http://www.brennancenter.org/blog/archives/texass_own_data_reveals_discriminatory_impact_of_voter_id_law/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/13/us/justice-dept-blocks-texas-photo-id-law.html?_r=0http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/13/us/justice-dept-blocks-texas-photo-id-law.html?_r=0http://www.texastribune.org/2011/02/18/minorities-drove-texas-growth-census-figures-show/http://www.texastribune.org/2011/02/18/minorities-drove-texas-growth-census-figures-show/http://www.texastribune.org/2011/02/18/minorities-drove-texas-growth-census-figures-show/http://www.brennancenter.org/blog/archives/texas_redistricting_101/http://www.brennancenter.org/blog/archives/texas_redistricting_101/http://www.brennancenter.org/blog/archives/texas_redistricting_101/http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/texas-redistricting-discriminates-against-minorities-federal-court-says/2012/08/28/f6e6a2e0-f156-11e1-892d-bc92fee603a7_story.htmlhttp://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/texas-redistricting-discriminates-against-minorities-federal-court-says/2012/08/28/f6e6a2e0-f156-11e1-892d-bc92fee603a7_story.htmlhttp://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/texas-redistricting-discriminates-against-minorities-federal-court-says/2012/08/28/f6e6a2e0-f156-11e1-892d-bc92fee603a7_story.htmlhttp://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/texas-redistricting-discriminates-against-minorities-federal-court-says/2012/08/28/f6e6a2e0-f156-11e1-892d-bc92fee603a7_story.htmlhttp://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/04/opinion/sunday/voting-rights-and-texas.html?_r=2http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/04/opinion/sunday/voting-rights-and-texas.html?_r=2http://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/houston/article/Drive-envisions-8-million-new-citizens-4060357.phphttp://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/houston/article/Drive-envisions-8-million-new-citizens-4060357.phphttp://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/houston/article/Drive-envisions-8-million-new-citizens-4060357.phphttp://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/houston/article/Drive-envisions-8-million-new-citizens-4060357.phphttp://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/houston/article/Drive-envisions-8-million-new-citizens-4060357.phphttp://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/houston/article/Drive-envisions-8-million-new-citizens-4060357.phphttp://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/04/opinion/sunday/voting-rights-and-texas.html?_r=2http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/04/opinion/sunday/voting-rights-and-texas.html?_r=2http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/texas-redistricting-discriminates-against-minorities-federal-court-says/2012/08/28/f6e6a2e0-f156-11e1-892d-bc92fee603a7_story.htmlhttp://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/texas-redistricting-discriminates-against-minorities-federal-court-says/2012/08/28/f6e6a2e0-f156-11e1-892d-bc92fee603a7_story.htmlhttp://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/texas-redistricting-discriminates-against-minorities-federal-court-says/2012/08/28/f6e6a2e0-f156-11e1-892d-bc92fee603a7_story.htmlhttp://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/texas-redistricting-discriminates-against-minorities-federal-court-says/2012/08/28/f6e6a2e0-f156-11e1-892d-bc92fee603a7_story.htmlhttp://www.brennancenter.org/blog/archives/texas_redistricting_101/http://www.brennancenter.org/blog/archives/texas_redistricting_101/http://www.brennancenter.org/blog/archives/texas_redistricting_101/http://www.texastribune.org/2011/02/18/minorities-drove-texas-growth-census-figures-show/http://www.texastribune.org/2011/02/18/minorities-drove-texas-growth-census-figures-show/http://www.texastribune.org/2011/02/18/minorities-drove-texas-growth-census-figures-show/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/13/us/justice-dept-blocks-texas-photo-id-law.html?_r=0http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/13/us/justice-dept-blocks-texas-photo-id-law.html?_r=0http://www.brennancenter.org/blog/archives/texass_own_data_reveals_discriminatory_impact_of_voter_id_law/http://www.brennancenter.org/blog/archives/texass_own_data_reveals_discriminatory_impact_of_voter_id_law/http://www.brennancenter.org/blog/archives/texass_own_data_reveals_discriminatory_impact_of_voter_id_law/http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2012/12/26/the-growing-electoral-clout-of-blacks-is-driven-by-turnout-not-demographics/http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2012/12/26/the-growing-electoral-clout-of-blacks-is-driven-by-turnout-not-demographics/http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2012/12/26/the-growing-electoral-clout-of-blacks-is-driven-by-turnout-not-demographics/http://www.houston.org/pdf/resolutions/2011/Signed%20Resolution%20Support%20U.S.%20-%20Free%20Trade%20Agreements%20with%20Columbia,%20Panama%20and%20Korea.pdfhttp://www.houston.org/pdf/resolutions/2011/Signed%20Resolution%20Support%20U.S.%20-%20Free%20Trade%20Agreements%20with%20Columbia,%20Panama%20and%20Korea.pdfhttp://www.houston.org/pdf/resolutions/2011/Signed%20Resolution%20Support%20U.S.%20-%20Free%20Trade%20Agreements%20with%20Columbia,%20Panama%20and%20Korea.pdfhttp://www.houston.org/pdf/resolutions/2011/Signed%20Resolution%20Support%20U.S.%20-%20Free%20Trade%20Agreements%20with%20Columbia,%20Panama%20and%20Korea.pdfhttp://www.houston.org/pdf/resolutions/2011/Signed%20Resolution%20Support%20U.S.%20-%20Free%20Trade%20Agreements%20with%20Columbia,%20Panama%20and%20Korea.pdf


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Toward 2050 in Texas

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