Todo jeloou 4

Jeloou 4 José Luis Navarro Piqueras

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Unit 1

01 Reading and Listening

Shopping for clothes:

Shop assistant: Can I _________________you? Customer: Yes, have you got this T-shirt in other_________________? Shop assistant: We’ve got it in white, black, red and purple. What _________________do you want? Customer: Medium. Shop assistant: OK, in medium we’ve got black and red. Customer: And in purple? Shop assistant: No, just black and red. Customer: OK, red. Can I _________________it on? Shop assistant: Yes, of course. The _________________rooms are over there. (pause) Shop assistant: Is it OK? Customer: Yes, I’ll _________________it. Shop assistant: That’s £10.95. Would you like to _________________by credit card or with_________________? Customer: Cash please. Here’s twenty. Shop assistant: OK, thanks, that’s nine pounds, 5 p change and here’s your receipt. Customer: Thanks. Bye.

1. Check your understanding: gap fill

1.What size T-shirt does the customer want? _________________ 2. Does the shop have a purple T-shirt? ____________ 3.What colour T-shirt does the customer try on? _______________ 4.Does the customer buy the red T -shirt? _______________ 5.How much does it cost? _______________ 6.Does the customer pay by credit card or with cash?______________

2. Write with your partner a dialogue in a shop

Help cash try take Size colours changing pay

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3 letters

___ hat

___ cap

___ tie

4 letters

___ coat

___ suit

___ belt

5 letters

___ boots

___ jeans

___ dress

___ shirt

___ skirt

___ shoes

___ scarf

___ socks

6 letters

___ shorts

___ gloves

___ jacket

___ t-shirt

___ anorak

___ jumper

___ blouse

7 letters

___ mittens

___ pyjamas

8 letters

___ trousers

___ raincoat

___ cardigan

___ leggings

___ slippers

___ trainers

___ swimsuit

9 letters

___ tracksuit

___ waistcoat

___ dungarees

10 letters

___ swim shorts

1 sweatshirt

02 Vocabulary

1

3

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1. Name 2 pieces of clothing starting

with the letter P.

2. Which item of clothing has

‘fingers’?

3. Name a popular hat that is also

used in a ball sport.

4. Give another name for a woman’s

shirt.

5. Name 5 things you could wear to

go to the beach.

7. Name five things a businessman

would wear to work.

8. What do you call the ‘strings’ used

to tie your shoes?

9. You find these on a shirt. They’re used to ‘close’ the shirt.

10. I keep you warm. I usually have a zip. I’m short. I’m sometimes made

of leather.

6. What do you call a glove that has

no fingers?

Clothes

Name 2 pieces of clothing starting

2. Which item of clothing has

3. Name a popular hat that is also

4. Give another name for a woman’s

5. Name 5 things you could wear to

7. Name five things a businessman

8. What do you call the ‘strings’ used

9. You find these on a shirt. They’re used to ‘close’ the shirt.

10. I keep you warm. I usually have a zip. I’m short. I’m sometimes made

a glove that has

11. What is worn by women and is very short?

(see picture above)

12. Name something made of rubber

worn on your feet.

13. What do you wrap around your

neck when it’s cold?

14. Name three pieces of clothing

starting with the letter T.

15. What do you call the plastic or metal thing you can hang clothes on?

(see picture above)

17. What do we use to hang clothes

on a clothesline?

18. What is female underwear often called?

19. Shirts can have short or long

ones. What are they?

20. Name 5 items of clothing women

wear but men don’t.

16. Name 3 pieces of clothing that

are often made of leather.

4

Clothes Quiz

11. What is worn by women and is

(see picture above)

12. Name something made of rubber

worn on your feet.

3. What do you wrap around your

neck when it’s cold?

three pieces of clothing

with the letter T.

5. What do you call the plastic or metal thing you can hang clothes on?

(see picture above)

What do we use to hang clothes

on a clothesline? (see picture above)

18. What is female underwear often

have short or long

ones. What are they?

20. Name 5 items of clothing women

wear but men don’t.

6. Name 3 pieces of clothing that

are often made of leather.

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03 Grammar

Present continuous 1 Complete the sentences with one of the following verbs in the correct form: come get happen look make start stay try work 1. 'You're working hard today.' 'Yes, I have a lot to do.' 2. I _________________ for Christine. Do you know where she is? 3. It _________________ dark. Shall I turn on the light? 4. They haven't got anywhere to live at the moment. They _________________ with friends until they find somewhere. 5. 'Are you ready, Ann?' 'Yes, I _________________.' 6. Have you got an umbrella? It _________________to rain. 7. You_________________ a lot of noise. Could you be quieter? I _________________to concentrate. 8. Why are all these people here? What _________________? 2 Use the words in brackets to complete the questions. 1. _________________ this week?' 'No, he's on holiday.' (Colin/work) 2. Why _________________ at me like that? What's the matter? (you/look) 3. 'Jenny is a student at university.' 'Is she? What _________________ ?' (she/study 4. _________________ the radio or can I turn it off? (anybody/listen) 5. How is your English? _________________ better? (it/get)

3 Put the verb into the correct form. Sometimes you need the negative 1. I'm tired. _________________ (go) to bed now. Goodnight! 2. We can go out now. it _________________ (rain) any more. 3. 'How is your new job?' 'Not so good at the moment. I _________________ (enjoy) it very much. 4. Catherine phoned me last night. She's on holiday in France. She _________________ (have) a great time and doesn't want to come back. 5. I want to lose weight, so this week I _________________ (eat) lunch. 6. Angela has just started evening classes. She _________________ (learn) German. 7. I think Paul and Ann have had an argument. They _________________ (speak) to each other. 4 Read this conversation between Brian and Sarah. Put the verbs into the correct form. SARAH: Brian! How nice to see you! What _________________ (you/do) these days? BRIAN: I _________________ (train) to be a supermarket manager. SARAH: Really? What's it like? (_________________(you/enjoy) it? BRIAN: It's all right. What about you? SARAH: Well, actually I (_________________ (not/work) at the moment. I _________________ (try) to find a job but it's not easy. But I'm very busy. I _________________ (decorate) my flat. BRIAN: _________________ (you/do) it alone? SARAH: No, some friends of mine (_________________ (help) me.

Present simple

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1 Complete the sentences using one of the following: cause(s) close(s) drink(s) live(s) open(s) speak(s) take(s) place 1. Ann _________________ German very well. 2. I never _________________ coffee. 3. The swimming pool _________________ at 9 o'clock and _________________ at 18.30 every day. 4. Bad driving _________________ many accidents. 5. My parents _________________ in a very at small flat. 6. The Olympic Games _________________ every four years. 2 Put the verb into the correct form. 1. Jane _________________ (not/drink) tea very often. 2. What time _________________ (the banks/close) in Britain? 3. 'Where _________________ (Martin/come) from?' 'He's Scottish.' 4. 'What _________________ (you/do)?' 'I'm an electrical engineer.' 5. It _________________ (take) me an hour to get to work. How long --- (it/take) you? 6. I _________________ (play) the piano but I _________________ (not/play) very well. 7. I don't understand this sentence. What _________________ (this word/mean)? 3 Use one of the following verbs to complete these sentences. Sometimes you need the negative: believe eat flow go grow make rise tell translate 1. The earth _________________ round the sun. 2. Rice _________________ in Britain. 3. The sun _________________ in the east. 4. Bees _________________ honey. 5. Vegetarians _________________ meat. 6. An atheist _________________ in God. 7. An interpreter _________________ from one language into another. 8. A liar is someone who _________________ the truth. 9. The River Amazon _________________ into the Atlantic Ocean.

Present continuous and present simple 1 Are the underlined verbs right or wrong? Correct the verbs that are wrong. 1. Water boils at 100 degrees celsius. RIGHT 2. The water boils. Can you turn it off? WRONG: is boilling 3. Look! That man tries to open the door of your car. 4. Can you hear those people? What do they talk about? 5. The moon goes round the earth. 6. I must go now. It gets late 7. I usually go to work by car. 8. 'Hurry up! It's time to leave.' 'OK, I come.' 9. I hear you've got a new job. How do you get on? 2 Put the verb in the correct form, present continuous or present simple. 1. Let's go out. It _________________ (not/rain) now. 2. Julia is very good at languages. She _________________ (speak) four languages

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very well. 3. Hurry up! Everybody _________________ (wait) for you. 4. '_________________ (you/listen) to the radio?' 'No, you can turn it off. 5. '_________________ (you/listen) to the radio every day?' 'No, just occasionally.' 6. The River Nile _________________ (flow) into the Mediterranean. 7. Look at the river. It _________________ (flow) very fast today - much faster than usual. 8. We usually _________________ (grow) vegetables in our garden but this year we _________________(not/grow) any. 9. 'How is your English?' 'Not bad. It _________________ (improve) slowly.' 10. Ron is in London at the moment. He _________________ (stay) at the Park Hotel. He _________________ (always/stay) there when he's in London. 11. Can we stop walking soon? I _________________ (start) to feel tired 12. 'Can you drive?' 'I _________________ (learn). My father _________________ (teach) me.' 13. Normally I _________________ (finish) work at 5.00, but this week I _________________ (work) until 6.00 to earn a bit more money. 14. My parents _________________ (live) in Bristol. They were born there and have never lived anywhere else. Where _________________ (your parents/live)? 15. Sonia _________________ (look) for a place to live. She _________________ (stay) with her sister until she finds somewhere. 16. 'What _________________ (your father/do)?' 'He's an architect but he _________________ (not/work) at the moment.'

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04 Reading and writing

Tattoos Love them or hate them, tattoos are really popular nowadays in the UK. What do you think of tattoos? In Britain, tattoos used to be seen mainly on sailors, prisoners and bikers and were considered as a sign of being a rebel. However, now they are popular with all kinds of people and it’s pretty normal to have a tattoo these days.

Which design?

Japanese and Chinese characters, and loved ones' names are among the most popular designs today. Mario, who runs his own tattoo parlour, says ‘I have more women than men customers. Women often prefer smaller designs like stars, flowers, cherubs and men are into much bigger images.’ Many well known Brits have tattoos. Here are some of them: •David Beckham has a crucifixion scene and his kids’ names on his back. He has a tattoo in Hindi of his wife’s name. •Victoria Beckham has stars on her back to symbolise the members of her family. •Robbie Williams has a lion on his right arm, Maori designs on his left arm, a French phrase on his collar bone, the musical notes to ‘all you need is love’ on lower his back, ‘I love you mother’ on his arms, 2 birds on stomach and many more! • Kate Moss has a small crown on her shoulder. • Samantha Cameron, wife of the British Prime Minister, has a dolphin tattooed on her ankle.

Tattoo events

There are annual tattoo events that attract thousands of visitors such as the International London Tattoo Convention and the Brighton Tattoo Convention. At these events you can get a tattoo done or see human bodies completely covered in tattoos Chris, 18, from Stratford attended the Brighton Tattoo Convention last year. What’s his advice for someone thinking of having a tattoo done? ‘Fashions change but tattoos are forever. Make sure that you choose a design that you like.’

Age

Tattoos are notjust for the young. Many people are now going for their first tattoo in their 30s, 40s, 50s, 60s. “My dad got a tattoo done for his 50th birthday. I thought it was going to look rubbish but it’s actually pretty cool.” Lewis, from Middlesbrough

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History

A professor of sociology has studied the history of tattooing in the West. According to the professor, it was fashionable for rich people to have small tattoos in 19th century Europe. These tattoos were designs which represented their families. The professor explains that tattoos have gone in and out of fashion over the years. Very rich people had tattoos before they became a symbol of working class masculinity. Now they are being reinvented as a middle -class symbol. Vocabulary: Write the translation of these words fr om the text: flower musical notes ankle back arm stomach shoulder dolphin lion crown names star collar bone Japanese cherub 1. Check your understanding: true or false Circle True or False for these sentences. 1 Tattoos were mainly popular with sailors, prisoners and bikers in the past. True False 2 It’s common to have the name of someone you love tattooed in a different

language. True False

3

The British Prime Minister is famous for his tattoos. True False

4

Tattoo events are held every year in the UK. True False

5

Hardly any people aged over 30 have tattoos done in Britain. True False

6 Tattooing is in fashion at the moment in Europe. True False

2. Check your understanding: matching Match to make correct sentences about the text. Write a-h next to the number. 1…….. David Beckham has a crucifixion scene tattoo a. on his arms. 2…….. David Beckham has a tattoo in Hindi b. on his collar bone. 3…….. Victoria Beckham has stars c. of his wife’s name. 4…….. Robbie Williams has a lion d. on her ankle. 5…….. Robbie Williams has ‘I love you mother’ tattooed e. on his right arm. 6…….. Robbie Williams has a French phrase f. on her back. 7…….. Kate Moss has a small crown g. on her shoulder. 8…….. The Prime Minister’s wife has a dolphin tattooed h. on his back. 3. Writing: Would you consider getting a tattoo in the future? What design would you like? Are tattoos common in your country and culture? What would your friends and family think if you got a tattoo?

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05 Listening:

Clothing Styles

Ashley: Hey, Jake. Are you ready for your trip?

Jake: Well, not really. I still have to buy some clothes.

Ashley: Well, what's the weather like where you're going?

Jake: Well, uh, it's really hot in the summer, so I'm going to buy some shorts, sandals, and a few t-shirts.

Ashley: What about the rest of the year?

Jake: People say that the fall can still be warm until November, so I'm going to buy some jeans and a few casual shirts.

Ashley: Will you need any warm clothes for the winter?

Jake: Well, the weather doesn't get too cold, but it often snows in the mountains, so I'm going to buy a couple of warm sweaters, a jacket, and a hat. I don't have room in my suitcase to pack a coat, so I'm going to wait until I get there and buy it when I really need it.

Ashley: Are you going to take anything else?

Jake: They say it rains cats and dogs in the spring, but again, I'll probably just wait and pick up a raincoat or an umbrella later on. But, I'm going to take a good pair of shoes because I plan on walking to and from school every day.

Ashley: Do you need any clothing for formal occasions?

Jake: Well, you never know when you might need something on the spur of the moment for a wedding or maybe someone's graduation, or a nice date, so I'll probably take some nice slacks, a dress shirt, and a couple (of) crazy ties or two.

Ashley: Um, that makes sense.

Jake: And I'll just rent a suit or tuxedo if I need anything more formal. Hey, maybe I'll get married.

Ashley: You? Married? Hah!

Jake: Wait. What are you trying to say?

Ashley: I just can't imagine you decked out in a tuxedo for any formal occasion. [What?!] I mean, for high school graduation, you wore an old pair of jeans and tennis shoes.

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Jake: Hey, there was a reason for that, so let me explain. [Yeah, ha, ha.] No, really. You see, it goes like this . . .

Answer the questions based on the information you have heard: 1. What does the man plan to wear during the summer months?

A. a cool hat

B. casual shoes

C. light pants

2. What is one thing the man is NOT going to pack for the winter season?

A. a coat

B. some sweaters

C. a jacket

3. What is the weather like in the spring?

A. It's windy.

B. It's rainy.

C. It's cool.

4. What is an example of an occasion where the man might need formal clothes?

A. a party

B. a business meeting

C. a wedding

5. What did the man wear to his high school graduation?

A. jeans and tennis shoes

B. a casual shirt and tie

C. a suit and dress shoes

Answer the questions based on the vocabulary you learned.

1. Could you ___________ up some white shirts from the store tonight? 1. buy 2. bring 3. pick

2. She decided to buy a new dress on the ______________ of the moment without telling her husband, but that was a bad idea because it cost a lot of money.

1. spur 2. beginning 3. care

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3. Unless you want to wear wet clothes around all night, I suggest you take an umbrella with you to the soccer game. It's supposed to rain cats and ___________ this evening.

1. elephants 2. mice 3. dogs

4. My brother is all ____________ out for tonight's party in a white tuxedo. 1. prepared 2. dressed 3. decked

5. You should ________________ all your clothes in a suitcase for the trip. 1. store 2. clean 3. pack

What would you wear to …

1. a job interview

2. a wedding of a close friend

3. a class at a university

4. a first date

5. a church or religious service

6. a hiking trip in the mountains (during summer/in the winter)

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06. Speaking and writing:

Clothes & Fashion

Answer these questions and talk to your partner. Take notes:

• About how much money do you spend on clothes a year?

• Do you like shopping for new clothes?

• Do you often buy new clothes?

• Do you read fashion magazines?

• Do you think it is important to be in fashion?

• Do you think people feel different when they wear different clothes?

• What are some of the strangest fashions you have seen?

• What colors do you think look good on you?

• What did you wear yesterday?

• What do you think of body piercing?

o Do you have pierced ears?

o Do you know anyone with a pierced nose?

o Would you ever pierce your tongue?

• What is your shoe size?

• What kind of clothes are in fashion now?

• Where do you usually buy clothes?

• Would you like to be a fashion model?

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Unit 2

01 Reading

Space

The first thing you are likely to realize is that space is extremely well named and rather dismayingly boring. Our solar system may be the liveliest thing for trillions of miles, but all the visible stuff in it—the Sun, the planets and their moons, the billion or so tumbling rocks of the asteroid belt, comets, and other miscellaneous drifting (a la deriva) detritus—fills less than a trillionth of the available space. You also quickly realize that none of the maps you have ever seen of the solar system were remotely drawn to scale. Most schoolroom charts show the planets coming one after the other at neighbourly intervals—the outer giants actually cast shadows over each other in many illustrations—but this is a necessary deceit ( engaño) to get them all on the same piece of paper. Neptune in reality isn’t just a little bit beyond Jupiter, it’s way beyond Jupiter—five times farther from Jupiter than Jupiter is from us, so far out that it receives only 3 percent as much sunlight as Jupiter.

Such are the distances, in fact, that it isn’t possible, in any practical terms, to draw the solar system to scale. Even if you added lots of fold-out pages to your textbooks or used a really long sheet of poster paper, you wouldn’t come close (acercarse). On a diagram of the solar system to scale, with Earth reduced to about the diameter of a pea (guisante), Jupiter would be over a 300 metres away and Pluto would be 2,5 kilometres distant (and about the size of a bacterium, so you wouldn’t be able to see it anyway). On the same scale, Proxima Centauri, our nearest star, would be almost 16.000 kilometres away. Even if you shrank down everything so that Jupiter was as small as the dot at the end of this sentence, and Pluto was no bigger than a molecule, Pluto would still be over 10 metres away.

So the solar system is really quite enormous. By the time we reach Pluto, we have come so

far that the Sun—our dear, warm, skin-tanning, life-giving Sun—has shrunk to the size of a

pinhead.

Click here and here and you’ll see

1. Did you know the solar system was so big? What are the main

ideas of the text?

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

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2. Write a sentence using these expressions form the text:

To be likely to

____________________________________________________________________

available

_____________________________________________________________________

wouldn’t be able to

______________________________________________________________________

such … that…

02 Vocabulary

Find the solar system words written below in the grid to the left.

Sun

Mercury

Venus

Earth

Moon

Mars

Jupiter

Saturn

Uranus

Neptune

Pluto

solar system

asteroid

comet

meteor

Milky Way

orbit

rotate

axis

revolve

gravity

atmosphere

gaseous

terrestrial

crater

rings

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03 GRAMMAR

Connectors: Addition and contrast A In addition, moreover, etc. (X and Y)

When you add a second piece of information in a sentence to support the first piece of information, you often use and, e.g.The food is excellent and very good value. When you put this information in two sentences, these link words and phrases are common: The food is usually very good. Furthermore, it is one of the cheapest restaurants in town. The set menu is £10, which is excellent value. In addition, you get a free glass of wine. The restaurant has a reputation for excellent food. It’s also very good value. The food is excellent in that restaurant. It’s very good value as well (or too). You get very good food in that place. What’s more, it’s excellent value.

B Although, in spite of, etc. (X but Y) When you want to contrast two pieces of information in a single sentence and say that the second fact is surprising after the first, you can use these link words: She still won the game although / though / even though she had a bad knee. They still went for a walk in spite of the fact that it was pouring with rain. Note: In these examples you can also begin the sentence with the link word: Although she had a bad knee, she still won the game. They went for a walk in spite of the rain. The service is worse despite having more staff.

C Whereas

This word is used to connect a fact or opinion about a person, place or thing, with something different about another person, place or thing (you can also use whilst). In other words, the second fact is a contrast with the first, but not always a surprise (as in B above). John is very careful whereas Christopher makes lots of mistakes. The south is hot and dry whereas the north gets quite a lot of rain.

D However You can use however to contrast two ideas in two sentences, and say that the second sentence is surprising after the first (as in B); and you can use however or on the other hand to make a contrast between different people/places or things (as in C above): I don’t agree with a lot of his methods. However, he is a good teacher. We didn’t like the hotel at all. However, we still enjoyed ourselves. Marcel thought it was a great film. Joe, however / on the other hand, thought it was stupid. Most big cats, such as tigers and leopards, are very solitary creatures. Lions, however / on the other hand, spend much of their time in groups.

Cross out the incorrect answers. Both answers may be correct. 1 Although / in spite of we left late, we still got there in time. 2 It was a fantastic evening although / in spite of the terrible food. 3 We have decided to go in spite of / despite the cost of the tickets.

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4 They enjoyed the course even though / whereas it was very difficult. 5 I love the sea furthermore/whereas most of my friends prefer the mountains. 6 We found a lovely villa near the lake that we can rent. In addition / Moreover it

has its own swimming pool, and we have free use of a car provided by the owners.

7 We both told John the car was too expensive. However / On the other hand, he still decided to buy it.

8 Most people we met tried to help us. They were very friendly too / as well. 9 During the week the town centre is very busy. At the weekend on the other hand /

whereas, it is very quiet and almost empty. 10 My uncle is the owner of the factory opposite. He also/however runs the

restaurant next door and the car hire company down the road.

Fill the gaps with a suitable link word or phrase.

1 ............................ taking a map, they still got lost. 2 It took me two hours to do it .......................... the others finished in less than an hour. 3 The hotel has a very good reputation ................... , it is one of the cheapest in the area. 4 She managed to get there ......................... she had a broken ankle. 5 It’s not the best dictionary you can buy; ....................... , it’s better than nothing. 6 She’s younger than the others in the group, and she’s better than most of them ......

Complete these sentences in a logical way.

1 I was able to follow what she was saying even though ............................................

2 I was able to follow what she was saying whereas ..................................................

3 We enjoyed the holiday in spite of ...........................................................................

4 If you buy a season ticket, you can go as often as you like. Furthermore, ..............

5 The exam was very difficult. However, ...................................................................

6 Although it was a very long film, .............................................................................

Writing:

Advantages and disadvantages of mobile phones

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Simple past

1. Read what Sharon says about a typical working day:

SHARON I usually get up at 7 o'clock and have a big breakfast. I walk to work, which takes me about half an hour. I start work at 8.45. I never have lunch. I finish work at 5 o'clock. i'm always tired when I get home. I usually cook a meal in the evening. I don't usually go out. I go to bed at about 11 o'clock. I always sleep well. Yesterday was a typical working day for Sharon. Write she did or didn't do yesterday. 1. She got up at 7 o'clock. 2. She ______________ a big breakfast. 3. She ______________. 4. It ______________ to get to work. 5. ______________ at 8.45. 6. ______________ lunch. 7. ______________ at 5 o'clock. 8. ______________ tired when ______________ home. 9. ______________ a meal yesterday evening. 10. ______________ out yesterday evening. 11. ______________ at 11 o'clock. 12. ______________ well last night.

2. Put one of these verbs in each sentence:

buy catch cost drink fall hurt sell spend teach throw win write

1. Mozart wrote more than 600 pieces of music. 2. 'How did you learn to drive?' 'My father ______________ me.' 3. We couldn't afford to keep our car, so we ______________ it. 4. I was very thirsty. I ______________ the water very quickly. 5. Paul and I played tennis yesterday. He's much better than me, so he ______________ easily. 6. Don ______________ down the stairs this morning and ______________ his lag. 7. Jim ______________ the ball to Sue, who ______________ it. 8. Ann ______________ a lot of money yesterday. She ______________ a dress which ______________ l100.

3 A friend has just come back from holiday. You ask him about it.

Write your questions.

1. (where/go?) Where did you go? 2. (go alone?) ______________ 3. (food/good?) ______________ 4. (how long/stay there?) ______________ 5. (stay/at a hotel?) ______________ 6. (how/travel?) ______________ 7. (the weather/fine?) ______________ 8. (what/do in the evenings?) ______________ 9. (meet anybody interesting?) ______________ 5.4 Complete the sentences, Put the verb into the correct form, positive or negative.

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1. It was warm, so I _took_ off my coat. (take) 2. The film wasn't very good. I didn't enjoy it very much. (enjoy) 3. I knew Sarah was very busy, so I ______________ her. (disturb) 4. I was very tired, so I ______________ to bed early. (go) 5. The bed was very uncomfortable. I ______________ very well. (sleep) 6. Sue wasn't hungry, so she ______________ anything. (eat) 7. We went to Kate's house but she ______________ at home. (be) 8. It was a funny situation but nobody ______________ (laugh) 9. The window was open and a bird ______________ into the room. (fly) 10. The hotel wasn't very expensive. It ______________ very much. (cost) 11. I was in a hurry, so I ______________ time to phone you. (have) 12. It was hard work carrying the bags. They ______________ very heavy. (be)

Past continuous (I was doing)

1. What were you doing at the following times? Write one sentence as

in the examples. The past continuous is not always necessary (see the

second example).

1. (at 8 o'clock yesterday evening) I was having dinner with some friends. 2. (at 5 o'clock last Saturday) I was on a train on my way to London. 3. (at 10.15 yesterday morning) 4. (at 4.30 this morning) 5. (at 7.45 yesterday evening) 6. (half an hour ago)

2 Use your own ideas to complete these sentences. Use the past

continuous.

1. Tom burnt his hand while he was cooking the dinner. 2. The doorbell rang while I ______________ 3. We saw an accident while we ______________ 4. Mary fell asleep while she ______________ 5. The television was on but nobody ______________

3. Put the verbs into the correct form, past continuous or past simple.

1. I saw (see) Sue in town yesterday but she ______________ (look) the other way. 2. I ______________ (meet) Tom and Ann at the airport a few weeks ago. They ______________ (go) to Berlin and I ______________ (go) to Madrid. We ______________ (have) a chat while we ______________ (wait) for our flights. 3. I ______________ (cycle) home yesterday when suddenly a man ______________ (step) out into the road in front of me. I ______________ (go) quite fast but luckily I ______________ (manage) to stop in time and ______________ (not/hit) him.

4 Put the verbs into the correct form, past continuous or past simple.

1. Jane was waiting (wait) for me when I arrived (arrive). 2. 'What ______________ (you/do) this time yesterday?' 'I was asleep.'

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3. '______________ (you/go) out last night?' 'No, I was too tired.' 4. 'Was Carol at the party last night?' 'Yes, she ______________ (wear) a really nice dress.' 5. How fast ______________ (you/drive) when the accident ______________ (happen)? 6. John ______________ (take) a photograph of me while I ______________ (not/look). 7. We were in a very difficult position. We ______________ (not/know) what to do. 8. I haven't seen Alan for ages. When I last ______________ (see) him, he ______________ (try) to find a Job in London. 9. I ______________ (walk) along the street when suddenly I ______________ (hear) footsteps behind me. Somebody ______________ (follow) me. I was frightened and I ______________ (start) to run. 10. When I was young, I ______________ (want) to be a bus driver.

4. Writing: What did you do last Saturday?

Used to

1 Complete these sentences with use(d) to ... + a suitable verb.

1. Dennis gave up smoking two years ago. He used to smoke 40 cigarettes a day. 2. Liz ______________ a motorbike, but last year she sold it and bought a car. 3. We came to live in Manchester a few years ago. We ______________ in Nottingham. 4. I rarely cat ice cream now but I ______________ it when I was a child. 5. Jim ______________ my best friend but we aren't friends any longer. 6. It only takes me about 40 minutes to get to work since the new road was opened. It ______________ more than an hour. 7. There ______________ a hotel opposite the station but it closed a long time ago 8. When you lived in London, ______________ to the theatre very often?

2 Brian changed his lifestyle. He stopped doing some things and

started doing other things:

He stopped studying hard/going to bed early/running three miles e3very morning He started smoking/going out in the evening/spending a lot of money Write sentences about Brian with used to and didn't use to. 1. He used to smoke.

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2. He didn't use to smoke. 3. ______________ 4. ______________ 5. ______________ 6. ______________

3 Compare what Carol said five years ago and what she says today:

FIVE YEARS A GO I travel a lot, I play the piano. I'm very lazy. I don't like cheese. I've got a dog. I'm a hotel receptionist. I've got lots of friends. I never read newspapers. I don't drink tea. I go to a lot of parties. TODAY I eat lots of cheese now. I work very hard these days. I don't know in people these days. I work in a bookshop now. I don't go away much these days. My dog died two years ago. I read a newspaper every day now. I haven't been to a party for ages. I haven't played piano for years. Tea's great! I like it now. Now write sentences about bow Carol has changed. Use used to/didn't use to/never used to in the first part of your sentence. 1 She used to travel a lot but she doesn't go away much these days. 2. She used ______________ _________________but ______________ 3. ______________ _________________but ______________ 4. ______________ _________________but ______________ 5. _______________________________ but ______________ 6. _______________________________ but ______________ 7. _______________________________ but ______________ 8. _______________________________ but ______________ 9. ______________ _________________but ______________ 10. ______________ _________________but ______________

4. Write four things you used to do when you were 7 years old

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List of irregular verbs

infinitive past simple past participle be was/were been beat beat beaten become became become begin began begun bend bent bent bet bet bet bite bit bitten blow blew blown break broke broken bring brought brought build built built buy bought bought catch caught caught choose chose chosen come came come cost cost cost cut cut cut deal dealt dealt dig dug dug do did done draw draw drawn drink drank drunk drive drove driven eat ate eaten fall fell fallen feed fed fed feel felt felt fight fought fought find found found fly flew flown forbid forbade forbidden forget forgot forgotten forgive forgave forgiven freeze froze frozen get got got give gave given go went gone grow grew grown have had had hear heard heard hide hid hidden hit hit hit hold held held hurt hurt hurt keep kept kept know knew known lead led led lend lent lent let let let light lit lit

lose lost lost make made made mean meant meant meet met met pay paid paid put put put read read read ride rode ridden ring rang rung rise rose risen run ran run say said said see saw seen sell sold sold send sent sent sew sewed sewn/sewed shake shook shaken shine shone shone shoot shot shot show showed shown/showed shut shut shut sing sang sung sink sank sunk sit sat sat sleep slept slept speak spoke spoken spend spent spent split split split spread spread spread stand stood stood steal stole stolen sting stung stung swear sore sworn sweep swept swept swim swam swum take took taken teach taught taught tear tore torn tell told told think thought thought throw threw thrown understand understood understood wake woke woken wear wore worn win won won write wrote written

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05 Listening and speaking

Imagine you are a five-year-old girl, and your father asks you about your

day. What activities do little children (in this case, a little girl) do during the

day at that age?

1. she_________________

2. she _________________

3. she_________________

1. Listen and fill in the blanks

Emily: Welcome home, Dad.

Dad: Oh, Emily. How are you _________________?

Emily: Fine.

Dad: Good. And how was _________________ today?

Emily: Really fun.

Dad: Good. And what did you do?

Emily: We _________________ things.

Dad: Like what _________________ of things did you make?

Emily: We made books.

Dad: You _________________ books! Okay. And what _________________?

Emily: We . . . we made paper kangaroos.

Dad: You made paper kangaroos? Okay, and what did you _________________ to make

your paper kangaroos? What _________________ of supplies did you need?

Emily: We used crayons, papers, glue, and we had to _________________ directions.

Dad: Well good. And what did you do _________________ school?

Emily: We _________________ home, played games.

Dad: And did . . . Mom said you went to the junior high school.

Emily: I rode my bike in the _________________ court.

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Dad: Did you go by yourself?

Emily: I went with the whole family, and we went with Nathan, Sara, Racheal.

Dad: You went with your _________________.

Emily: And my mom.

Dad: Well, that's great. Well, let's get ready for _________________.

Emily: Okay.

2. Answer the questions

1. In addition to paper books, what did the little girl make with paper at school ?

A. an animal

B. a person

C. a building

2. What thing did she NOT talk about when making the object in Question 1?

A. paper

B. glue

C. scissors

3. What did the girl do after school?

A. She rode her bicycle.

B. She watched television.

C. She went to the store.

4. Who did she meet and play with at the junior high school?

A. her teacher

B. her cousins

C. her father

5. Where does this conversation most probably take place?

A. at a house

B. at school

C. at a park

3. Complete these sentences

Make play get rode are

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How ________ you today?

What kinds of things did you _________ in art class at school?

She ________ her bike to school?

It's time to ________ ready for dinner.

Do you want to _________ a game after dinner?

4. Answer the questions based on the vocabulary you learned.

1. The kids want to ______________ some cookies after dinner for our neighbors.

1. make

2. eat

3. cook

2. How about ____________ a game after supper?

1. singing

2. building

3. playing

3. Okay. It's time to ______________ ready for school.

1. be

2. get

3. go

4. If you forget to buy your wife some roses for Valentine's Day, you'll be in the

_______________ for sure, and she'll be mad at you for a week . . . or longer.

1. zoo

2. barn

3. doghouse

5. How _______________ school today? Did you do anything fun?

1. is

2. was

3. Did

Speaking

Dialogue

A LONG JOURNEY

You are going to Berlin with some friends to spend a five-day holiday there. It is going to be

your first time in Berlin and you are really

looking forward to it. You would like to go by plane. Use the ideas below:

• Less tired when you get to Berlin

• Unfamiliar roads

• Driving at night dangerous

• Cheap flights available

• Spend more time in the city

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Unit 3

01 Reading and listening

The Christmas gift

It was _________________day. Kayleen had invited her boyfriend Hugo over for

Christmas_________________. He arrived a little after 1:00. He was carrying a big plastic

bag. He put the bag on the floor inside her front_________________. She looked at the bag,

but she didn't ask what was in it. They had already agreed not to give each

other_________________; they were trying to save money for a down payment on a house

after they got married. They _________________each other.

Hugo asked Kayleen to give him a kiss. "No," she said. He asked her if she knew what

day it was. Of course, she replied; it was Christmas day. No, he told her, it was actually

"Kissmas" day—that's why she should kiss him. She_________________, and gave him a big

kiss. She went back into the _________________to continue with her dinner preparation. He

turned on the bedroom TV and hoped that there was something interesting

to_________________; five minutes later, his nose was in a book.

A while later, Kayleen entered the bedroom and said, "Let's go for a

_________________ in the park." It was a beautiful day—blue sky, some white

_________________, and about 66 degrees. Who needs _________________when you can

have this, Hugo thought.

Many people were _________________themselves in the park that Christmas day. A

group of people were playing volleyball. All the tennis _________________were packed.

Some people were lawn bowling. Holding hands, Hugo and Kayleen walked all the way

Door gifts kitchen watch bulb bother snow garbage laughed enjoying walk might Christmas missed hugged worth clouds light dinner courts

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around the park. They played soccer with a pine cone. They petted a dog and talked to its

owner.

When they returned to Kayleen's apartment, Hugo dug into the plastic bag and pulled out

an old clamp-on lamp from his apartment that he hadn't used for years. "What's this?"

Kayleen asked.

"I thought you _________________like this lamp," Hugo replied. "Your apartment

needs more_________________. I was going to throw it out, but then I thought you might

want it."

"It's Christmas day, and you're bringing me a used lamp? A used lamp that doesn't even

have a _________________in it?! Is that the best thing you could come up with on Christmas

day? Look here, you didn't even _________________to clean this thing before bringing it into

my house!" Indeed, Hugo had _________________a couple of spots on the lamp where dust

had accumulated. Jeez, Hugo muttered to her, if she didn't like it, he'd take it home.

"No," she ordered. "Give it to me." Feeling better, he gave it to her. She opened the door

and threw it outside. "All you can give me on Christmas day is second-hand crap?! That's all

I'm _________________to you? Get out of here, and take your bag of

_________________with you, Santa Claus!"

1. Was it the day after Christmas?

2. Had Kayleen invited her boyfriend over for Christmas dinner?

3. Did Hugo arrive a little before 1:00?

4. Was he carrying a big plastic bag?

5. Did he put the bag in the closet next to her front door?

6. Did she ask what was in the bag?

7. Had they agreed to give each other gifts?

8. Were they trying to save money?

9. Did they hug each other?

10. Did he ask her to give him a kiss?

11. Were people enjoying themselves in the park?

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12. Were people playing volleyball and tennis?

13. Were the tennis courts empty?

14. Did Hugo and Kayleen walk all the way around the park?

15. Did they play soccer under a pine tree?

16. Did they return to her house?

17. Did he pull an old lamp out of the plastic bag?

18. Had he been using the lamp for years?

19. Did he think she might like that lamp?

20. Did he say that her apartment needed more space?

WRITING:

What was the best Christmas present that you ever got?

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On October 31,

Halloween means

Christian holy day of All Saints Day. On All Saints Day, Christians remember the

Saints but Halloween is even older than Christianity.

Before Christianity, people in Europe believed that on October 3

ghosts of dead people came back. To scare the ghosts, people dressed like devils

and were very noisy. They also made big fires to keep the ghosts away. Later,

people did not believe in ghosts, but they kept the day of Halloween for fun.

Immigrants came from Europe to America and brought with them the

custom of Halloween. Halloween has some strange symbols. One symbol is the

jack-o’-lantern in the window. The jack

People cut the pumpkin, throw away all of the inside, and cut a face in it.

Then they put a candle inside of it.

Jack

Today, in the United States, Halloween is very popular with the children.

They wear masks and special costumes. They want to

look like skeletons and ghosts.

Then they go from house to house and say “ Trick or treat! “. People give them candies,

cookies or fruit. When people give nothing, t

Write T (true) or F (false) .

__ 1. On October 31, Americans celebrate Christianity. __ 2. In the past people made fires to keep the ghosts away. __ 3. Halloween came from Europe. __ 4. The jack-o’-lantern is a kind of special pumpkin to eat. __ 5. On Halloween children wear special masks and costumes because they want to look like skeletons and ghosts__ 6. Children go from party to party and collect masks. __ 7. On Halloween children say: “Trick or fun”.

On October 31, Americans celebrate Halloween.

Halloween means “holy” (hallow) “evening” (een). This is the evening before the


Saints but Halloween is even older than Christianity.







lantern in the window. The jack-o’-lantern is to scare the ghosts.


Then they put a candle inside of it.

Jack-o’-lantern usually look scary, too !





cookies or fruit. When people give nothing, the children sometimes play tricks on them.

__ 1. On October 31, Americans celebrate

__ 2. In the past people made fires to keep

lantern is a kind of special

__ 5. On Halloween children wear special masks and costumes because they want to look like skeletons and ghosts Children go from party to party and

Answer the questions 1. When do people celebrate Halloween ? ___________________________________________2. Why did people dress like devils ?___________________________________________3. Why did people keep the day of Halloween ? ___________________________________________4. What do people put inside the pumpkin with the cutting face5. Where do they put the jack___________________________________________6. Why do they use the lantern ? ________________________________7. What do people give the children they go from house to house ?______________________________________

29

Americans celebrate Halloween.

). This is the evening before the








to scare the ghosts.






he children sometimes play tricks on them.

Answer the questions.

1. When do people celebrate Halloween ? ________________________________________________2. Why did people dress like devils ? ________________________________________________3. Why did people keep the day of Halloween ? ________________________________________________4. What do people put inside the pumpkin with

the cutting face ? ______________________________ 5. Where do they put the jack-o’-lantern ? ________________________________________________6. Why do they use the lantern ? ________________________________________________7. What do people give the children when

they go from house to house ? ______________________________________

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Across 1. Celtic priests.

3. Jack o'lanterns are made out of ___________.

6. The evening of 31 October was called All _______ Eve.

This became Halloween.

10. This is a typical Halloween decoration.

11. Halloween has ancient _______ origins.

12. This is a typical Halloween costume.

Down 2. The Christians called 1 November All Hallows' Day, the day of All __________.

4. Everyone wears a costume and a ________ at a Halloween party.

5. In the 19th century Irish immigrants introduced the custom of 'trick or

__________'.

7. This is another typical Halloween costume.

8. The Celts believed that _________ came out of their

tombs on 31 October.

9. Halloween is celebrated on 31 ____________.

10. ‘_________ for apples’ is a Halloween game.

1 2

3

4 5

6 7

8 9 10

11

12

EclipseCrossword.com

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03 Grammar

Present perfect (I have done) 1 You are writing a letter to a friend. In the letter you give news about yourself and other people. Use the words given to make sentences. Use the present perfect. Dear Chris, Lots of things have happened since I last wrote to you. 1. I/buy/a new car I've bought a new car. 2. my father/start/a new job 3. I/give up/smoking 4. Charles and Sarah/go/to Brazil 5. Suzanne/have/a baby 2 Read the situations and write sentences. Choose one of the following:

arrive break go up grow improve lose

1. Mike is looking for his key. He can't find it. He has lost his key. 2. Margaret can't walk and her leg is in plaster. She ______________ 3. Maria's English wasn't very good. Now it is much better. ______________ 4. Tim didn't have a beard last month. Now he has a beard. ______________ 5. This morning I was expecting a letter. Now I have it. ______________ 6. Last week the bus fare was 80 pence. Now it is 90. ______________ 3 Complete Bs sentences. Use the verb in brackets + just/already/yet (as sbown). 1. A: Would you like something to eat? B: No, thanks. I've just had lunch. (just/have) 2. A: Do you know where Julia is? B: Yes, I ______________ her. (just/see) 3. A: What time is David leaving? B: He ______________ (already/leave) 4. A: What's in the newspaper today? B: I don't know. I ______________ (not/read/yet) 5. A: Is Ann coming to the cinema with us? B: No, she ______________ the film. (already/see) 6. A: Are your friends here yet? B: Yes, they ______________ (just/arrive) 7. A: What does Tim think about your plan? B: I ______________ (not/tell/yet) 4 Read the situations and write sentences with JUST, ALREADY or YET. 1. After lunch you go to see a friend at her house. She says 'Would you like something to eat?' You say: No, thank you. I've just had lunch. (have lunch) 2. Joe goes out. Five minutes later, the phone rings and the caller says 'Can I speak to Joe?' You say: I'm afraid ______________ (go out) 3. You are eating in a restaurant. The waiter thinks you have finished and starts to take your plate away. You say: Wait a minute! ______________ (not/finish) 4. You are going to a restaurant this evening. You phone to reserve a table. Later your friend

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says 'Shall I phone to reserve a table?' You say: No ______________ it. (do) 5. You know that a friend of yours is looking for a job. Perhaps she has been successful. Ask her. You say: ______________? (find) 6. Ann went to the bank, but a few minutes ago she returned. Somebody asks 'Is Ann still at the bank?' You say: No, ______________ (come back) 6 Put in been or gone. 1. Jim is on holiday. He's gone to Italy. 2. Hello! I've just ______________ to the shops. I've bought lots of things. 3. Alice isn't here at the moment. She's ______________ to the shop to get a newspaper. 4. Tom has. ______________ out. He'll be back in about an hour. 5. 'Are you going to the bank?' 'No, I've already ______________ to the bank.' 7. You are asking somebody questions about things he or she has done. Make questions from the words in brackets. 1. (ever/ride/horse?) Have you ever ridden a horse? 2. (ever/be/California?) 3. (ever/run/marathon?) 4. (ever/speak/famous person?) 5. (always/live/in this town?) 6. (most beautiful place/ever/visit?) What 8. Complete Bs answers. Some sentences are positive and some negative. Use a verb from this list:

be be cat happen have meet play read see see try

1 A: What's George's sister like? B: I've no idea. I've never met her. 2. A: How is Amy these days? B: I don't know. I ______________ her recently. 3. A: Are you hungry? B: Yes. I ______________ much today. 4. A: Can you play chess? B: Yes, but ______________ for ages. 5. A: Did you enjoy your holiday? B: Yes, it's the best holiday ______________ for a long time. 6. A: What's that book like? B: I don't know ______________ 7. A: Is Brussels an interesting place? B: I've no idea ______________ there. 8. A: Mike was late for work again today. B: Again? He ______________ every day this week. 9. A: Do you like caviar? B: I don't know ______________ 10. A: The car broke down again yesterday. B: Not again! That's the second time ______________ this week.

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11. Who's that woman by the door) B: I don't know ______________ before.) 9. Write questions with how long and when. 1. It's raining. (how long?) How long has it been raining? (when?) When did it start raining? 2. Kate is learning Italian. (how long/learn?) (when/start/learn?) 3. I know Martin. (how long/know?) (when/first/meet?) 4. Bob and Alice are married. (how long?) (when?) 10. Read the situations and complete the sentences beginning in the way shown. 1. (It's raining now. It's been raining since lunchtime.) It started raining at lunchtime. 2. (Ann and I are friends. We first met years ago.) We've known each other for years. 3. (Mark is ill. He became ill on Sunday.) He has ______________ 4. (Mark is ill. He became ill a few days ago.) He has ______________ 5. (Sarah is married. She's been married for two years.) She got ______________ 6. (You've got a camera. You bought it ten years ago.) I've ______________ 7. (Sue has been in France for the last three weeks.) She went ______________ 8. (You're working in a hotel. You started in June.) I've ______________ 11. Put in for or since. 1. It's been raining since lunchtime. 2. Tom's father has been doing the same job ______________ 20 years. 3. Have you been learning English ______________a long time? 4. Sarah has lived in London ______________ 1985. 5. ______________ Christmas, the weather has been quite good. 6. Please hurry up! We've been waiting ______________ an hour. 7. Kevin has been looking for a job ______________ he left school. 8. The house is very dirty. We haven't cleaned it ______________ ages. 9. I haven't had a good meal ______________ last Tuesday. 12. Write Bs sentences using the words in brackets. 1. A: Do you often go on holiday? B: (no/five years) No, I haven't had a holiday for five years. 2. A: Do you often eat in restaurants? B: (no/ages) No, I ______________ 3. A: Do you often see Sarah? B: (no/about a month) ______________ 4. A: Do you often go to the cinema? B: (no/a long time) ______________ Now write B's answers again. This time use It's ... since... 5. (1) No, it's five years since I had a holiday. 6. (2) No, it's ______________ 7. (3) No, ______________

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8. (4) ______________

Present perfect and past (1) (I have done and I did) 13. What has happened in these situations? 1. Jack had a beard. Now he hasn't got a beard. He has shaved off his beard. 2. Linda was here five minutes ago. Mow she's in bed. She ______________ 3. The temperature was 25 degrees. Now it is only 17. The temperature ______________ 4. The light was off. Now it is on. Somebody ______________ 5. The tree was only three metres high. Now it is four. The tree ______________ 6. The plane was on the runway a few minutes ago. Now it is in the air. The plane ______________ 14, Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form, present perfect or past simple. 1. 'Where's your key?' 'I don't know. I've lost it.' (lose) 2. I was very tired, so I lay down on the bed and went to sleep. (be) 3. Mary ______________ to Australia for a while but she's back again now. (go) 4. 'Where's Ken?' 'He ______________ out. He'll be back in about an hour.' (go) 5. I did German at school but I ______________ most of it. (forget) 6. I meant to phone Diane last night but I ______________ (forget) 7. I ______________ a headache earlier but I feel fine now. (have) 8. Look! There's an ambulance over there. There ______________ an accident. (be) 9. They're still building the new road. They ______________ it. (not/finish) 10. 'Is Helen still here?' 'No, she ______________ out.' (just/go) 11. The police ______________ three people but later they let them go. (arrest) 12. Ann ______________ me her address but I'm afraid I ______________ it. (give, lose) 13. Where's my bike? It ______________ outside the house. It ______________ (be, disappear) 14. What do you think of my English? Do you think I ______________? (improve) 15. Are the underlined parts of these sentences right or wrong? Correct the ones that are wrong. 1. Do you know about Sue? _She's given up_ her job. RIGHT 2. The Chinese _have invented_ printing. WRONG: The Chinese invented 3. How many plays _has Shakespeare written?_ ______________ 4. _Have you read_ any of Shakespeare's plays? ______________ 5. Aristotle _has been_ a Greek philosopher. ______________ 6. Ow! _I've cut_ my finger. It's bleeding. ______________ 7. My grandparents _have got_ married in London. ______________ 8. Where _have you been born?_ ______________ 9. Mary isn't at home. _She's gone shopping._ ______________ 10. Albert Einstein has been the scientist who _has developed_ the theory of relativity. ______________ 1 1. _I've lost_ my key. I can't find it anywhere. RIGHT 12. _Have you seen_ the news on television last night? WRONG: Did you see 13. _I've bought_ a new car. Do you want to see it? ______________ 14. _I've bought_ a new car last week. ______________ 15. Where _have you been_ yesterday evening? ______________ 16. Jenny _has left_ school in 1991. ______________ 17. I'm looking for Mike. _Have you seen_ him? ______________ 18. I'm very hungry. _I haven't eaten_ anything today. ______________

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19. Diane _hasn't been_ at work yesterday. ______________ 20. When _has this book been_ published? ______________ 16, Put the verb into the most suitable form, present perfect or past simple. 1. A: Look! Somebody has split (spill) coffee on the carpet. B: Well, it wasn't (not/be) me. I didn't do (not/do) it. 2. A: Ben ______________ (break) his leg. B: Really? How ______________ (that/happen)? A: He ______________ (fall) off a ladder. 3. A: Your hair looks nice. ______________ (you/have) a haircut? B: Yes. A: Who ______________ (cut) it? ______________ (you/go) to the hairdresser? B: No, a friend of mine ______________ (do) it for me. 17. Make sentences from the words in brackets. Use the present perfect or past simple. 1. (it/not/rain/this week) It hasn't rained this week. 2. (the weather/be/cold/recently) The weather ______________ 3. (it cold/last week) It ______________ 4. (I not/read/a newspaper yesterday) I ______________ 5. (I not/read/a newspaper today) 6. (Ann/earn/a lot of money/this year) 7. (she not/earn/so much/last year) 8. (you have/a holiday recently?) 18. Put the verb into the correct form, present perfect or past simple. 1. I don't know where Amy is. Have you seen (you/see) her? 2. When I ______________ (get) home last night, I ______________ (be) very tired and I ______________ (go) straight to bed. 3. Your car looks very clean ______________ (you/wash) it? 4. George ______________ (not/be) very well last week. 5. Mr Clark ______________ (work) in a bank for 15 years. Then he gave it up. 6. Molly lives in Dublin. She ______________ (live) there all her life. 7 ______________ (you/go) to the cinema last night?' 'Yes, but it ______________ (be) a mistake. The film (be) awful. 8. My grandfather ______________ (die) 30 years ago. I ______________ (never/meet) him. 9. I don't know Carol's husband. I ______________ (never/meet/him). 10. A: Is your father at home? B: No, I'm afraid he ______________ (go) out. A: When exactly ______________ (he/go) out? B: About ten minutes ago. 11. A: Where do you live? B: In Boston. A: How long ______________ (you/live) there? B: Five years. A: Where ______________ (you/live) before that? B: In Chicago. A: And how long ______________ (you/live) in Chicago? B: Two years.

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04. Writing. Write sentences about yourself using the ideas in

brackets. 1. (something you haven't done today)

I haven't eaten any fruit today because the fridge was empty

2. (something you haven't done today)

3. (something you didn't do yesterday)

4. (something you did yesterday evening)

5. (something you haven't done recently)

6. (something you've done a lot recently)

05 Speaking

Monologue: Holidays abroad

Have you ever travelled abroad? If so, can you remember the most interesting things you did?

If not, why haven’t you?

��Do you think it is expensive to travel?

��What do people spend most of their holiday budget on?

��Do you usually buy souvenirs for yourself or others when you’re on a trip?

��If you could choose to go anywhere in the world, what place would it be? Why?

��Which do you prefer: beach holidays or cultural holidays?

��When did you last go on holiday?

��Did anything interesting happen to you?

��Do you think watching travel documentaries is a good alternative to travelling? Have you

ever watched one?

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(

Chapter I

'Bah! Humbag!'

Marley was dead. He had been dead for seven years now. Did

Scrooge know this? Of course he did. Ebenezer Scrooge was Marley's

business partner and he was his only friend. He was, after all, the

only one, apart from the undertaker, who went to Marley's funeral.

What kind of a man was Scrooge, then? Well, if you could think of

the coldest weather or the iciest wind, you might be able to imagine

the man. The weather itself had no effect on him. Rather, it was the

cold inside that froze everything about him: his lips, his nose, his

cheeks, his eyes, his voice, especially his voice, and even his walk.

And nobody was meaner than Scrooge. Nobody ever stopped him in

the street to say, 'My dear Scrooge, how are you? When will you

come to see me?'

Once upon a time - on Christmas Eve - old Scrooge sat busy in his

office. It was cold, nasty weather, and the fog was thick. The city

clocks had just rang three, but it was quite dark already - it had not

been light all day

and candles were burning in the windows. The door of Scrooge's

office was open so that he might keep an eye on his clerk, who was

busy copying letters by a small flame (this was because Scrooge was

so mean that he kept the coal in his own room).

'A Merry Christmas, uncle!' cried a cheerful voice. It was the voice

of Scrooge's nephew, a warm and handsome man who had come to

invite his uncle to a Christmas party.

'Bah!’ said Scrooge, 'humbug!’

'Christmas a humbug, uncle!’ said Scrooge's nephew. 'You don't

mean that, I am sure?'

'I do,' said Scrooge. 'Merry Christmas? You are too poor to be

merry!'

'And you are too rich not to be!' said his nephew.

'What is Christmas,' said Scrooge, 'but a time for paying bills and a

time for finding yourself a year older? I do not need Christmas and

Christmas does not need me. Keep Christmas in your own way, and

let me keep it in mine.'

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'Keep it?' repeated Scrooge's nephew. 'But you don't keep it! '

'Let me leave it alone, then,' said Scrooge. 'Why be so happy.

Christmas hasn't ever made you any money!'

'There are many things in this world that are good but not money-

making,' replied the nephew. 'And Christmas is one of them. It is a

kind, forgiving, charitable, pleasant time,- the only time in the year

when men and women open their closed hearts and think of others.

And so, uncle, though Christmas has never made me any money, I

believe that it has done me good, and will do me good,- and I say,

God bless it! '

An applause was heard in the next room. 'Let me hear another

sound from you,' barked Scrooge to his clerk, 'and you'll keep your

Christmas by losing your position!'

'Don't be angry, uncle. Come! Have dinner with us tomorrow.'

'Don't be so foolish!' said Scrooge.

'Why can you not be happy for once and join us?' , asked Scrooge's

nephew.

'Good afternoon!’ said Scrooge.

'I am sorry, with all my heart, to see you so cold-hearted. But I have

made the effort because I believe it is worth it and Til keep my

Christmas spirit to the end. So a Merry Christmas, uncle!’

'Good afternoon!’ said Scrooge.

'And a Happy New Year!’

'Good afternoon!’ repeated Scrooge.

As soon as Scrooge's nephew left the office, two gentlemen, holding

books and papers, walked in.

'Scrooge and Marley's, I believe,’ said one of them, looking at his

list. 'Do I have the pleasure of speaking with Mr. Scrooge, or Mr.

Marley?’

'Mr. Marley died seven years ago, this very night,’ Scrooge replied.

'I am truly sorry to hear that, Mr. Scrooge.’ said the other man.

'I am not,’ said Scrooge. 'He left me with a load of paperwork!’

'We are here because we believe that Christmas is a time of giving,

and who might need this more than the poor and homeless?' said the

first.

'Are there no prisons?’ asked Scrooge.

'Many prisons’ said the other.

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40

Tm very glad to hear it’, said Scrooge.

'But we feel that the poor and homeless should also share in our joy

and happiness, and prisons can hardly do that. Because of this, we

are raising money for them and would very much like people to

help. Perhaps you too would like to help?'

'Gentlemen,' replied Scrooge. ' I do not help people who cannot help

themselves! If the poor are poor, it is for a reason. Now good

afternoon Gentlemen, and please close the door on your way out' .

Having little hope that Scrooge would change his mind, the

gentlemen left. The fog, meanwhile, had thickened. Night had fallen

on the world outside. The cold outside became so intense that people

started lighting fires in the streets. The brightness of the shops,

whose windows were decorated with holly, made cold faces reddish

as they passed. The carol singers were out, their voices heard full of

happiness. One of these stopped outside Scrooge's office, but at the

sound of:

‘God bless you, merry gentleman!'

'I 've had enough!

Scrooge slapped his ruler with such noise (bang) that the young

voice left screaming. At last, closing-up time came in the office. A

smile came across the clerk's face as he blew his candle out and put

his hat on.

'You'll want all day tomorrow, I suppose?' said Scrooge.

'It 's Christmas sir, and it only comes once a year,' said the clerk.

'A poor excuse. Y)u'd better be here even earlier the next morning!'

said Scrooge. The clerk promised that he would; and Scrooge walked

out complaining. After locking up the office, the clerk made his way

home to Camden Town, dancing merrily on the snow as he thought

about spending Christmas with his family.

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Exercises on Chapter 1

1. Answer the following questions.

1. Who was Marley?

2. What kind of a person was Scrooge?

3. Who came to visit Scrooge in his office?

4. What was Scrooge's nephew like?

5. What did Scrooge think about Christmas?

6. How did Scrooge's nephew describe Christmas?

7. Why did Scrooge's nephew come to visit him?

8. What happened to Marley?

9. Two other men visited Scrooge - why did they leave?

10. Where did the clerk go after work?

2. What prepositions are missing from these sentences?

At from in of on out to to in

1. Scrooge went_____________ Marley’s funeral. 2. Nobody stopped Scrooge _____________the street to say 'Hello'. 3. Scrooge heard the cheerful voice _____________his nephew. 4. He came_____________ invite his uncle to a Christmas party. 5. Scrooge wants to keep Christmas_ ____________his own way. 6. He doesn't want to hear another sound _____________you. 7. The visitor looked _____________his list. 8. I closed the door_____________ my way out. 9. Scrooge walked_____________ of his office angry.

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Chapter II

'Remember my words’

Scrooge had his sad dinner in his usual sad tavern. Once he had

finished it and read all the papers, he made his way home. Scrooge

lived in the same house which had once belonged to Marley: it was a

nasty old place where no normal person would like to live.

Now, you must believe that there was nothing very special about

the knocker that hung on the door, except that it was very large. You

must also believe that Scrooge had seen it, night and day, when he

came back from work and when he went to work. As soon as Scrooge

put his key in the door, the knocker seemed to change before his

very eyes - not a knocker, but Marley's face!

Marley's face. It was not an angry face, but looked at Scrooge as

Marley used to: with ghostly glasses on its ghostly forehead. The

hair was strangely wavy, the eyes wide open, and the colour bluish.

It was horrible! But, as Scrooge fearfully stared at it, the face

changed back into the knocker

again. Scrooge quickly turned the key, walked in, and shut the door

with a bang. As he lit his candle, Scrooge turned to see if the screws

that held the knocker were in the right place. They were. He walked

hurriedly across the hall, up the stairs to his rooms, and double-

locked his own door.

Sitting room, bedroom. All as it should be. Nobody under the table,

nobody under the sofa,- a small fire in the fireplace,- spoon and

basin ready,- and the little saucepan of porridge on the cooker.

Nobody under the bed,- nobody in the closet; nobody in his

dressing-gown, which was hanging on the wall.

Quite satisfied, Scrooge took off his tie,- put on his dressing-gown

and slippers, and his night-cap,- and sat down in front of the fire to

eat his porridge.

He couldn't stop thinking of old Marley. 'Humbug!' said Scrooge, as

he finished.

After carefully looking around the room with his short eyes, he

noticed an old disused bell that hung in the room. With rising fear,

he saw the bell begin to swing. Left ... right; left . . . right. It swung so

softly that it hardly made a sound,- but soon it rang out loudly, and

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so did every bell in the house. And although this might have lasted

half a minute, or a minute, it seemed like an hour. The bells stopped

as soon as they had begun, together. And from down deep in the

house came a metallic noise, as if some person were pulling a heavy

chain.

Somewhere in the house a door flew open with a bang. The noise

grew louder, and louder, and louder still, on the floors below. It

slowly came up the stairs, and was coming straight towards his door.

it 's humbug still! ’ said Scrooge. 'I won't believe it’

The colour in his face changed though, when, the ghostly form of a

man came through the heavy door, and passed into the room before

his very eyes, now facing him. i know him’ cried Scrooge - 'Marley's

ghost! ’

The same face; the very same, but with a handkerchief wrapped

around his head and chin (was it keeping his jaw from falling

down?). Marley in his pigtail, usual waistcoat, tights and boots. The

chain he was pulling was tied around his waist

- it was long, and was made of cash-boxes, keys, and steel padlocks.

His body was transparent.

Scrooge could still not believe his eyes, even with Marley's death-

cold eyes fixed on him.

'What do you want with me?' said Scrooge.

'Much! ’ - Marley's voice, no doubt about it.

'Who are you?'

'Ask me who I was.'

'Who were you then?' said Scrooge, raising his voice. 'There's

something familiar about you.'

'In life I was your partner, Jacob Marley,' said the ghost. '\ou don't

believe in me?'

'I don't, ' said Scrooge.

At this the Spirit made a frightful cry, and shook its chain with

such a noise that Scrooge held on tight to his chair to save himself

from falling. But how much greater was his horror when the Spirit,

taking off the bandage round its head, dropped its jaw upon its

chest.

Scrooge fell upon his knees, and held his hands before his face.

'Mercy! ’ he cried. 'Oh why are you haunting me?'

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i have come for you', said the ghost, i have come to warn you’

'Warn me? About what?' said Scrooge. 'Here, look' said the Ghost,

pointing to the chain around him. 'I made this chain. I made it when

I was alive. And I made it from my greed and from my selfishness.

Do you not recognise its cash-boxes?'

'Jacob,' begged Scrooge. 'Old Jacob Marley, tell me more. Speak to

me of a bright future, Jacob'

'There is none,' the Ghost replied. 'I can only tell you that you too

will carry your own chain if you do not change.

I am trapped myself, trapped for ever

- no rest, no peace, and nobody to share my troubles with. All

happiness gone, for ever and ever’

'But you always were a good businessman, Jacob’ said Scrooge.

'Business! ’ cried the Ghost. 'Charity, mercy and love should have

been my business, Ebenezer’

'Hear me!' said the Ghost. 'My time is nearly gone, but yours is just

beginning. You will be haunted by Three Spirits’

'I cannot..’ , said Scrooge.

'Without their visits', said the Ghost, 'you cannot change your

future,- and you cannot become a better man. The first will come

tomorrow, at one o'clock,- the second on the next night at the same

time,- the third on the next night as soon as you hear the last stroke

of twelve. Be prepared Ebenezer, and remember my words’

The Spirit then folded his handkerchief about his head and walked

backwards,- and with every step it took, the window raised itself a

little, so that when the ghost reached it, the window was wide open.

And then it was gone.

Scrooge closed the window, and examined the door by which the

Ghost had entered: it was double-locked, as he had locked it with his

own hands. He tried to say 'Humbug! ’ but stopped himself halfway.

And as he was completely exhausted (it had not, after all, been a

regular day), Scrooge went straight to bed, without taking his

clothes off, and very quickly went to sleep.

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Exercises Chapter 2

A. Answer the following questions.

1. Where did Scrooge live?

2. What happened to the knocker?

3. What did Scrooge do after he had run up to his room?

4. What happened to the bell in his room?

5. Where did the metallic noise come from?

6. Who appeared in front of Scrooge?

7. Why did Marley's ghost come to visit Scrooge?

8. Why did Marley have a chain around him?

9. Who will Scrooge be visited by?

10. How did Scrooge feel after the ghost's visit?.

B. Based on the story you have read, choose the correct verb form.

1. Marley ........... his usual waistcoat, tights and boots.

a) will wear b) was wearing c) had worn d) would wear

2. Scrooge said, 'There .......... something familiar about you.'

a) appears b) must c) is d) would

3. The ghost ............ because of his past.

a) is trapped b) was being trapped c) traps d) was trapping

4. Marley ............ always a good man of business.

a) was being b) is c) was d) had been

5. Instead of money, mercy ......... Jacob's business.

a) should have been b) should be c) would have d) will have been

6. Scrooge ........... the door and window after the ghost left.

a) will examine b) would examine c) examined d) had examined

Chapter III

‘And you shall fly with me’

When Scrooge woke, it was so dark that, looking out of bed, he could

not see his window. He was trying to focus his eyes on certain

objects in his room when the bells of a nearby church started to ring.

Suddenly remembering what Marley's ghost had told him, he

listened for the hour, counting.

- The clock rang Twelve.

- He still, thankfully he thought, had one hour. So he got out of bed

and crawled to the window. He had to rub the frost off with the

sleeve of his dressing-gown before he could see anything; even now

he could only see that it was still very foggy and it was still very

cold.

- Scrooge went back to bed, and thought, and thought, and thought.

Marley's ghost bothered him — he could hardly believe that anyone

(and not just anyone for, as you know, Marley had been dead for

seven years) would come to see him in good faith. So his mind

twisted and turned, and he thought that it could easily have been

just a dream. At least he hoped it had been a dream.

- 'Ding, dong’ rang the bell.

'A quarter past’ said Scrooge, counting.

'Ding, dong’

'Half-past! ’ said Scrooge.

'Ding, dong’

'A quarter to’ said Scrooge.

'Ding, dong!'

'One o'clock, and still nothing,' Scrooge said, joyfully.

He spoke too soon. When the last bell rang out, a light instantly

flashed up in the room, and the curtains of his bed were drawn: they

were drawn by a hand. Scrooge was now face to face with another

spirit, but a different one to Marley's.

It was a strange figure — like a child. Its hair, which hung around its

neck and down its back, was white like an old man's,- but the face

had not a wrinkle on it , and it shone with youthful colour. The arms

were very long and strong; the hands the same. It's legs and chest

were bare, but it wore a coat of the purest white. It also held some

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fresh green holly in its hand. But the strangest thing about it was,

that from the top of its head there flashed a bright clear light, which

lit all before it.

'Are you the Spirit who has come to help me?' asked Scrooge, with

fear in his voice, i am!' The voice was soft and gentle. 'Who, and

what are you?' Scrooge demanded, i am the Ghost of Christmas Past’

'Whose past?' asked Scrooge.

'\our past,' said the Ghost 'But why?' asked Scrooge nervously.

'Because you must understand your past if you are to change your

future.'

The Ghost put out its strong hand as it spoke, and took him gently

by the arm. 'Rise! And walk with me!'

Scrooge rose,- but finding that the Spirit was walking towards the

window, held his dressing gown tightly.

'I am human,' Scrooge argued, 'and I am in danger of falling'.

'Put your hand in mine,' said the Ghost, 'and you shall fly with me'.

As these words were spoken, they went through the wall, and stood

on an open country road, with fields on either side. The city had

entirely disappeared. The darkness and the fog had disappeared too,

as it was a clear, cold, wintry day, with snow on the ground.

'Good Heaven! ’ said Scrooge, as he looked around him. 'I was

brought up in this place. I was a boy here! ’

Scrooge suddenly noticed a thousand childhood smells hanging in

the air, each one reminding him of thoughts, and hopes, and joys

long, long, forgotten!

They walked along the road until a little market-town appeared in

the distance, with its bridge, its church, and its own river. Ponies

were seen galloping towards them with boys on their backs, shouting

cheerfully in the fresh air. As they went round a bend, they came up

to a large brick building that Scrooge remembered as a school.

'The school is not quite empty’ said the Ghost. 'A child, forgotten

by his friends, is there still’

Scrooge said he knew it. And a tear fell from his eye.

The Ghost and Scrooge walked in and across the hall, to a door at the

back of the building. It opened before them as they walked in. The

room was long and empty, made emptier still bylines of wooden

desks and chairs. At one of these a lonely boy was reading by a small

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fire,- and Scrooge sat down upon a chair, and cried to see himself as

he used to be.

i wish’ said Scrooge. 'But it's too late now'

'What is the matter?' asked the Spirit.

'Nothing,' said Scrooge. 'Nothing. There was a boy singing a

Christmas Carol at my door last night. I should have given him

something: that's all. '

The Ghost smiled thoughtfully, and waved its hand saying: 'Let us

see another Christmas!'

Scrooge and the Ghost again stood side by side in the open air.

'I have little time,' said the Spirit. 'Quick!'

Scrooge again saw himself. But he was older now,- a healthy young

man. His face did not have the hard and stiff lines that he was to

have later on in his life; but it had begun to show what was to

trouble him later: greed and selfishness.

He was not alone, but sat by the side of a fair young girl in a black

dress. The girl had been crying as her eyes were watery with tears.

'You once loved me, Ebenezer. But that love is gone now. You don't

need me anymore,- all you need is money’

'But there is nothing worse in this lonely world of ours than to be

poor’ said Scrooge.

'There is’ replied the girl. 'A world without Love’

'But Love alone does not put food on our table,' said Scrooge,

thoughtfully.

'You fear the world too much,' she answered, gently. 'Which is why,

with a full heart, I have to let you go. You have decided your future

and do not need me with you. May you be happy in the life you have

chosen! ’

She walked away from him. Scrooge wanted to call out to her,-

wanted to hold her ; wanted to be with her, for ever and ever. But the

Ghost explained to him that these were just memories, shadows of a

world that had been.

'Please take me home’ cried Scrooge, is it not enough that I have

seen my heart break again?'

At this, the Spirit burned with light and Scrooge was aware of

being exhausted and back in his bedroom, of being in his own bed.

He instantly fell into a heavy sleep, dreaming of his younger self.

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A. Answer the following questions. 1. What was the weather like outside when Scrooge woke up?

2. What was Scrooge hoping for when he went back to bed?

3. What was strange about the Spirit's appearance?

4. Why did the Ghost of Christmas Past come?

5. Where did the Ghost take Ebenezer at first?

6. What was the room like in which the boy was reading?

7. What did Scrooge suddenly regret about the previous night?

8. According to the girl, what was Scrooge afraid of?

9. What did the girl wish him?

10. What was Scrooge dreaming about when he was asleep again?

B. What prepositions are missing from these sentences? At by from like of of off

1. Scrooge could not tell the window his bedroom walls.

2. He had a horrible dream least he hoped it was just a dre-

3. It was a strange figure- a child.

4. There weren't any negative signs later years on his face.

5. He wanted to see what the weather outside was like, so he rubbed the frost the

glass.

6. He was aware many different smells in the air.

7. The curtains of Scrooge's bed were drawn a hand.

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Chapter IV

‘bless us everyone!'

Awakening in the middle of a deep sleep, and sitting up in bed to

get his thoughts together, Scrooge almost hadn't noticed the sound

of the church bells that had just rung one. He hoped he might be

better prepared for the second of the three spirits, and so he pulled

at his bed curtains.

Now, Scrooge was not normally a brave man, but his first two

visitors had made him ready for any Ghost, he felt: nothing between

a baby and a rhinoceros would have surprised him!

If he was prepared for anything, he certainly was not prepared for

nothing; so that when the bells struck one, and nothing happened,

Scrooge began to shake.

Five minutes, ten minutes, a quarter of an hour went by, but

nothing came! Was he dreaming or had he been dreaming all along?

All this time, he lay on his bed, which seemed to shine with some

sort of reddish light. Where was this light coming from? It took some

time for Scrooge to realise that the source of this light came from his

sitting room. And so he got up softly and walked slowly to the door

in his slippers.

The moment Scrooge's hand was on the door, a strange voice called

out to him by his name, and asked him to enter. He did as he was

told.

It was his own room. There was no doubt about that. But it had

been transformed in a surprising way. The walls and ceiling were

hung with living green, so that it looked a perfect garden,- from

every part of which he could see berries shining in the calm light.

The crisp leaves of mistletoe reflected back the light, like many

mirrors. A great fire went up the chimney, warming everything

before it. Heaped up on the floor, to form a kind of throne, were

turkeys, geese, chicken, strings of sausages, mince- pies, plum-

puddings, red-hot chestnuts, juicy oranges, and bowls of punch, that

made the room clouded with a delicious steam. And on the throne

there sat, comfortably, a Giant, glorious to see, and holding a torch,

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from which shone a reddish light.

'Come in!' said the Ghost. 'Welcome Ebenezer. Come in!'

Scrooge entered the room, but did not want to meet the Spirit's eyes.

'I am the Ghost of Christmas Present, ' said the Spirit. 'Look at me!'

Scrooge did as he was told. It was clothed in one simple green coat

with white fur. Its chest was bare. It was not wearing any shoes, and

on its head it wore a wreath, shining with icicles. Its dark brown

curls were long and free,- free as its kind face, its shining eyes, its

open hand, its cheerful voice.

'Touch my coat,' said the Ghost.

Scrooge, knowing what was expected of him, did so,- and held it

tight.

The mistletoe, red berries, turkeys, geese, chicken, meat, sausages,

pies, puddings, fruit, and punch, all suddenly disappeared. So did

the room, the fire, the reddish light, the hour of night, and they

stood in the city streets on Christmas morning.

Despite the cold, and it was very cold, people were making a rough

(but not unpleasant) kind of music, removing the snow from the

pavement in front of their houses. Carts were making deep marks in

the snow, criss-crossing each other along the great streets. The sky

was dark, and the smallest streets were full of snow, half melted and

half frozen. There was nothing very cheerful in the climate or the

town, and yet there was cheerfulness in the air. Where was it coming

from? It soon became obvious: the people who were lifting snow

were happy, calling out to one another from rooftops, and sometimes

even throwing snowballs.

As Scrooge and The Spirit walked through the wintry streets of this

pleasant neighbourhood, a true Christmas spirit was in the air: the

grocers, the fruit sellers and even the butchers were still half open

and smelt wonderful (especially the grocers with special tea and

coffee, fruits and nuts, its sticks of cinnamon and other spices... its

French plums, and much, much more).

Perhaps it was the generous nature of the good spirit that gave

them direction,- or perhaps it was his sympathy with all poor men.

Whatever it was, they soon arrived at the four-roomed house of

Scrooge's clerk, Bob Cratchit. And it was then that Scrooge saw what

he had never seen before, or thought possible: a family caught in the

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moment.

They were not very well dressed: their shoes were far from being

water-proof and their clothes were old. Nor was their house properly

dressed with comfortable pieces of furniture. Another sign of their

poverty came from the kitchen, where a goose was cooking instead

of the usual Christmas turkey. But they were happy, grateful, and

pleased with one another, and the time they had together.

Mrs. Cratchit was making the sauce,- their eldest son, Master Peter,

was preparing the potatoes with great energy,- a daughter, Miss

Belinda, was sweetening up the apple-sauce,- another, Miss Martha,

was cleaning the cooker,- and Bob himself took his youngest, Tiny

Tim, beside him in a tiny corner at the table, which was neatly laid

out for their Christmas dinner. As far as Scrooge could see, the only

complaint that this family could have with life was that Tiny Tim

carried a little crutch with him.

The family sat down at the table, and said prayers. This was

followed by a pause, as Mrs. Cratchit, looking slowly all along the

knife, prepared to cut the goose,- and when she did, a sound of

happiness was heard around the table. Even Tiny Tim weakly cried

Hurrah!

When they had finished with their delicious dinner, the table was

cleared, the

floor swept, and the fire made up. They sat down by it , ready with a

compote of fruit and some chestnuts. They lifted their mugs, when

Bob proposed:

'A Merry Christmas to us all, my dears. God bless us! ;

Which they all joined in.

'God bless us everyone! ’ said Tiny Tim, the last of all.

And the scene disappeared before Scrooge's eyes.

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Answer the following questions.

1. Whose visit was Scrooge expecting when he woke up?

2. Where was the reddish light coming from?

3. Who called Scrooge's name?

4. What had happened to his sitting room?

5. What was the name of the ghost?

6. Where did the ghost take Scrooge?

7. What was Belinda doing?

8. What was wrong with Tiny Tim?

9. What did the family Cratchit do after their dinner?

10. Did Scrooge admire the happy moment for a long time?

A. What prepositions are missing from these sentences.

Down from in of on to up up from up

1. Scrooge woke up from a deep sleep and sat .... in bed.

2. His bed shone with a type ........ reddish light.

3. The light was coming ........ his sitting room.

4. He got ........... quietly and went to the door.

5. Scrooge put his hand ......... the lock.

6. The ghost of Christmas Present told Scrooge to come .......

7. The Cratchit family sat ......... at their table and said prayers.

8. After dinner one of the Cratchit children made ..... the fire and

everyone sat around it.

9. Bob wished a Merry Christmas ...... all.

10. Everything disappeared ........ Scrooge's eyes.

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Chapter V

'Jo uncle Scrooge’.'

Scrooge and the Spirit found themselves on the streets again. By this time

it was getting dark, and snowing quite heavily,- and as they walked along,

the brightness of the fires in the kitchens and living rooms was wonderful.

Christmas was in the air, there was no doubt about it.

And now, without a word of warning from the Ghost, they stood upon

on empty field, where lots of stones were around. It looked like a

graveyard for giants.

Down in the west the sun was going down fast, its light changing from

golden yellow to red. A few moments later, it looked at this untouched

view for a second, like a silent eye; and going lower, lower, lower again,

until darkness fell over the world like a cold blanket.

'What place is this?' asked Scrooge.

'A place where miners live, who work in the earth’ answered the Spirit.

'But they recognise me. See!'

A light shone from the window of a hut, and quickly they moved

towards it. Passing

through the wall of mud and stone, they found a cheerful group of people

sitting around a bright fire. An old, old man and woman, with their

children and their children's children, and another generation again, all

dressed brightly in their holiday clothes. The old man was singing them a

Christmas song (it had been a very old song even when he was a boy) and

from time to time they all sang with him. It seemed as if they sang in time

with the wind's own music outside.

The Spirit did not stay, but asked Scrooge to hold his coat, and high

above the land, flew - where?

Not to sea?

To sea.

They flew past ships,- they flew past lighthouses,- they flew past islands.

But wherever they saw human life, even on the seas, the story of

Christmas was being told and re-told: every man either sang a Christmas

carol, or had a Christmas thought, or spoke quietly to his companion of

some past Christmas day.

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At last they landed on land itself; and, again, suddenly Scrooge found

himself in a country house he did not recognise. There was, however,

something about the place which he recognised.

'Ha, ha!' laughed a voice he knew well. 'Ha, ha, ha!'

It was the voice of Scrooge's nephew. The room they were in was bright,

dry, and warm. Scrooge turned round and found the Spirit standing by his

side, he too smiling (everybody, even those without bodies, felt the

cheerfulness in the room).

'Ha, ha! Ha, ha, ha, ha!'

'He said that Christmas was a humbug, as I live!' cried Scrooge's nephew.

'He believed it too!'

'How sad, Fred!' said Scrooge's niece, a little angry. She was pretty, very

pretty too. Scrooge had never met his niece,- had never found time to visit;

had never accepted his nephew's kind invitations. And now, seeing the

good times he had missed (and the good times he was missing), Scrooge

felt a deep pain in his heart.

'He's a funny old man’ said Scrooge's nephew, 'that's the truth: and not as

friendly as he could be, I feel.'

'I'm sure he's very rich, Fred,' suggested Scrooge's niece. 'At least you

always tell me so.'

'But do you think money helps him?' said Scrooge's nephew. 'It is useless

to him. He doesn't do any good with it. He doesn't even make his own life

comfortable with it.'

'I have no patience with him,' said Scrooge's niece.

'Oh, I have!' said Scrooge's nephew. 'I am sorry for him,- I couldn't be

angry with him if I tried. Who really suffers from his greed? Who really

suffers from his selfishness? He does, always.'

'What makes you think he cares?' asked Scrooge's niece.

'Well, take his Christmas. He doesn't visit us and he certainly doesn't visit

anyone

else. I believe that, because of this, he loses some very nice moments in

life. I am also sure that his thoughts could never give him the friendship

we all need, either in his cold office, or in his dark rooms. I would like to

give him the same chance every year, whether he likes it or not, because I

feel sorry for him. He may think Christmas a humbug, as he says, but I am

sure that he can't stop thinking about it, especially if he sees me, in a good

mood, year after year, and saying, uncle Scrooge, how are you?'

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i suppose you are right’ said Scrooge's niece.

'Here is a glass to his health and happiness, anyway' said Scrooge's

nephew, raising a glass of warm wine for his uncle. 'I hope that he may

one day find the happiness that belongs to us all. To uncle Scrooge!'

'Well, to uncle Scrooge!' she agreed, doing the same.

'A Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year to the old man, wherever he

is!' said Scrooge's nephew.

Scrooge suddenly had a strange feeling of warmth as he heard these

words: words of hope, words of love. If only he could thank them for their

thoughts and for their toast, if the Ghost had given him time,- instead, the

whole scene disappeared before his very eyes, and Scrooge once again

found himself travelling.

They saw much more, the Spirit and he. And travelled far too. But the

end was always the same: happy. The Spirit stood by sick beds, and they

were cheerful; by hard working men, and they were patient; by poverty,

and it was rich. Wherever they went, love seemed greater than all life's

worries put together. This truly was a world where Love could rule,

Scrooge thought. And win.

Scrooge saw all this in only one night, but it seemed like forever. He

noticed, too, that while he stayed the same, the Spirit appeared to grow

older, clearly older.

'Are spirits' lives so short?' asked Scrooge.

'My life upon this world is very brief’ replied the Ghost, it ends tonight’

'Tonight!’ cried Scrooge.

'Tonight at midnight. Our time together is coming to an end’

And almost as soon as the Spirit had said this, the bell rang twelve.

They were back in Scrooge's bedroom now. Scrooge turned and looked for

the Ghost, but did not see him. Instead, as the last bell stopped ringing, he

remembered Marley's words and, lifting his eyes, saw a dark figure

coming, like a fog along the ground, towards him.

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Exercises on Chapter V

Answer the following questions.

1. Where did Ebenezer and the Spirit appear first?

2. What were the walls of the hut made of?

3. How were the people in the hut dressed?

4. What was Scrooge feeling when he saw his niece for the first time?

5. What did the nephew say about Scrooge's money?

6. What was said about the length of the Spirit's life?

7. What did Ebenezer see after coming back to his room?

Choose the correct verb form for each sentence.

1. 'I suppose you are right,' said Scrooge's niece. Scrooge's niece supposed .................... right. a) he was b) he is c) he has been d) he has being

2. 'I have no patience with him,' declared Scrooge's niece. Scrooge's niece said that she ................... any patience with uncle Scrooge. a) haven't got b) didn't have c) didn't has d) hadn't have

3. 'Uncle Scrooge doesn't make his life comfortable with money,' said Ebenezer's nephew.

Ebenezer's nephew said that uncle Scrooge ................. his life comfortable with money. a) hadn't made b) didn't make c) can't make d) wouldn't make

4. '1 can't be angry with him,' said the nephew. The nephew said that he.................... angry with him. a) can be b) couldn't be c) can't be d) could be

5. 'Uncle Scrooge said that Christmas was a humbug,' cried Ebenezer's nephew. Ebenezer's nephew cried that uncle Scrooge .................. that Christmas was a humbug.

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Chapter VI

The Ghost slowly came towards Scrooge. When it came near him, Scrooge

bent down and knelt by it. The air around seemed full of unhappiness. It

was wearing a deep black coat, which hid its face, so that the only thing

that Scrooge could see was his hand. He felt that the Ghost was tall but he

was too afraid to look up; but that was all he knew, since the Spirit neither

spoke nor moved. Scrooge only felt fear in his heart.

'Are you the Ghost of Christmas Future?' asked Scrooge.

The Spirit did not answer, but pointed with its hand.

Although Scrooge was used to these visits by now, he was completely

unprepared for the dark Spirit. His legs grew weak and started shaking

under him. And, as he prepared to follow the Spirit's hand, Scrooge found

that he could hardly stand.

'Ghost of the Future!' he cried, 'I fear you more than any Spirit I have

seen. But as I know your purpose is to do me good, and as I hope to live to

be a different man

from what I was, I am prepared to bear your company, and do it with a

thankful heart. Will you not speak to me?'

It gave him no reply. The hand was pointing straight before him.

The Ghost moved away as it had come towards him. Scrooge followed in

the shadow of its dress, which took him up, he thought, and carried him

along.

The city lay in front of them. They were, in fact, in the heart of it.

Merchants hurried up and down the streets, with the money in their

pockets, and sometimes stopping to converse with others. The Spirit flew

on into a narrow street. Its finger pointed to two people meeting. Scrooge

knew these men, and knew them well. They were men of business: very

rich, and of great importance.

'How are you?' said one.

'How are you?' returned the other.

'Well!' said the first. 'Old Scratch has finally died, hey?'

'So I am told,' returned the second. 'Cold, isn't it?'

'As usual in Christmas time. You're not a skater, I suppose are you?'

'No. No. Much too busy for that. Good morning!'

Not another word. That was their meeting, their conversation, and their

parting.

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Not knowing what to think about this conversation, Scrooge turned

towards the Spirit; and all he was faced with was an outstretched hand

pointing in another direction, this time into a poor part of town. It was

Camden Town, and it had changed since Scrooge knew it: the ways now

were dirty,- the shops and houses falling down,- the people half-naked,

drunken, ugly. The whole quarter smelt of crime, of dirt and unhappiness.

The sad Ghost and Scrooge walked on 'till they reached the house of Bob

Cratchit, Scrooge's clerk. Scrooge felt as though he had just visited his

clerk's house, but this time seemed very different. The happiness and

laughter that once filled the house had changed to bitter unhappiness.

This was the scene that met Scrooge's eyes: in a corner sat Bob Cratchit

crying like a child, with two of his own children sitting beside him. Mrs.

Cratchit holding one of them, trying hard to kiss away her husband's tears.

There were no words of warmth; and there were no voices of hope. This

awful vision was made more painful by the complete stillness in the scene:

nothing and nobody moved. Scrooge soon saw why his clerk's family was

so unhappy: in the corner of the room stood an empty chair with a small

crutch leaning next to it. Tiny Tim, the joy of this family, had been taken

from them.

'Spirit,' said Scrooge, tears beginning to fill his eyes, 'why has the child

died?'

The Ghost said nothing. The scene had changed again and this time they

were facing an entrance gate to some overgrown churchyard. The old iron

gate made a metallic noise as the Spirit moved through it. Scrooge stood

still, and could not follow the Spirit: a deathly fear had taken hold of him.

The Spirit stood among the graves, and pointed down to one. Scrooge

waited, his legs

going dead under him. The finger pointed from the grave to him, and back

again.

'No, Spirit! I beg you' said Scrooge

Still the finger was there.

Scrooge slowly walked towards it, shaking; and following the finger, read

on the stone of the lonely grave the name:

EBENEZER SCROOGE RIP 'No, Spirit! O, no, no!'

'Spirit!' he cried, holding its coat, 'Hear me! I am not the man I was. I will

not be the man I was! I will honour Christmas in my heart, and try to keep

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it all the year. I will live in the past, the present, and the future. The Spirits

of all three shall live within me.

I will not forget the lessons that they teach. Oh, tell me I may clean away

the writing on this stone!'

In his pain, he tried to catch the spirit's hand. The Spirit freed itself as

soon as Scrooge moved towards it. Holding up his hands in a last prayer

to have his future changed, he saw the spirit's hood and coat become

smaller before him, until it fell down on a bed.



1. How was the last Spirit dressed?

2. How did Scrooge feel about the silent shape of the Ghost?

3. What part of the city did the Spirit take Scrooge to?

4. Who were the people they met in the city centre?

5. Did Scrooge understand their conversation?

6. Was Camden Town a rich area of the city?

7. Where to did the Spirit take Scrooge next?

2. Complete the following words.

Feared hurried neglected outstretched pointed thankful

1. When Scrooge saw the Spirit, he couldn't see anything else but an____t_____hand.

2. The spirit didn't answer any questions but _____ i with his hand.

3. Scrooge _ a ___ the silent shape.

4. Scrooge was ready to follow the Ghost with a ____ l heart.

5. In the streets, merchants r ____ up and down, sometimes

stopping to speak with others.

6. The cemetery was filled with n ______ graves.

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Chapter VII

The last of the spirits

Yes! And the bed was his own. The room was his own. Best and happiest

of all, the Time before him was his own, to change his wrong ways!

i will live in the past, the present, and the future!’ Scrooge repeated, as he

was getting out of bed. 'The Spirits of all three shall live within me. Oh

Jacob Marley! God bless Heaven and Christmas time for this! I swear it on

my knees, old Jacob, on my knees!'

He was so happy and so shining with good intentions that the tears on

his cheeks were now tears of joy. For the first time in a very long time he

looked to the future with hope in his heart.

'I don't know what to do!' cried Scrooge, laughing and crying in the same

breath. 'I am as light as a feather,- I am as happy as an angel,- I am as

merry as a schoolboy, a Merry Christmas to everybody! A Happy New

Year to all the World!'

And he laughed, and laughed. It really was a great laugh.

i don't know what day of the month it is!' said Scrooge. 'I don't know how

long I've been with the spirits. I don't know anything. I'm quite a baby,-

never mind, I don't care. I'd rather be a baby!'

And then he heard the church bells. Running to the window, he opened it,

and put out his head. No fog; clear, bright, cold; cold, fresh air,- merry

bells. Oh, glorious! Glorious!

'What's today?' cried Scrooge, calling down to a boy.

'Eh?' returned the boy. 'Why, Christmas Day Sir.'

'It's Christmas Day!' said Scrooge to himself. 'I haven't missed it. The

Spirits have done it all in one night. They can do anything they like. Of

course they can. Hello, my fine boy!'

'Hello Sir!' returned the boy.

'Do you know the Butchers', in the next street at the corner?' Scrooge

asked.

'Of course I do, Sir.'

'An intelligent boy!' said Scrooge. 'Do you know if they still have the prize

turkey that was hanging up there?'

'What, the one as big as me?' returned the boy.

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'What a nice boy!' said Scrooge. 'It's a pleasure to talk to him. Yes, my

boy!'

'I believe it's hanging there now' replied the boy.

'Is it?' said Scrooge. 'Go and buy it.'

'Excuse me?' said the boy.

'I mean it,' said Scrooge. 'Go and buy it, and tell them to bring it here.

Come back with the man, and I'll give you a shilling. Come back with him

in less than five minutes and I'll give you half-a-crown!'

The boy was running like a shot.

'I'll send it to Bob Cratchit's!' whispered Scrooge, rubbing his hands, and

laughing.

Scrooge quickly got dressed, and went downstairs to open the street door,

ready for the boy, butcher and turkey. As he stood there waiting, the

knocker caught his eye.

'I shall love it, as long as I live!' cried Scrooge, patting it with his hand.

'It's a wonderful knocker! — Here's the turkey! Hello! Merry Christmas!’

And he paid for it all with a smile, and patted the boy on the head.

'A Merry Christmas to you’ repeated Scrooge. 'And a Happy New Year!’

Scrooge left his house and walked down the street, dancing merrily along

the snow- white streets. Wherever he went it looked as if a new world had

been born, where people greeted each other, smiled, and laughed out loud.

He went to church, and walked about some more, watching people

hurrying along. He patted children on the head,- he talked to the beggars

and to the homeless,- he looked into the kitchens of houses, and up at the

windows, and found that everything could give him pleasure. He had

never dreamed that any walk (that anything for that matter) could bring

him such happiness. In the afternoon he turned his steps towards his

nephew's house.

And he certainly surprised him. And his wife. And their friends.

Wonderful party, wonderful games, wonderful happiness! Scrooge

enjoyed himself so much that he hoped that Christmas would never end.

But he was early at the office the next morning. Oh, he was early there. If

he could only be there first, and catch Bob Cratchit coming late! That was

his plan.

And he did it; yes, he did! The clock struck nine. No Bob. A quarter past.

No Bob. He was exactly eighteen and a half minutes late. Scrooge sat with

his door wide open, so that he might see his clerk come into the office.

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'Hello!’ said Scrooge, in his angry voice. 'What time do you think it is?'

i am very sorry sir’ said Bob, with fear in his voice.

'You are?' repeated Scrooge. 'Come here, sir, if you please.'

'It's only once a year, sir,' begged Bob. 'It will never happen again sir,

please.'

'Well, let me tell you what I am going to do,' said Scrooge, watching Bob

tremble with fear, I’m going ... I'm going ... I'm going ... to raise your

salary!’

Bob did not know what to think. He just stood there with his mouth open,

not able to move a finger.

'A Merry Christmas, Bob!’ said Scrooge, as he hugged him. 'A Merrier

Christmas, Bob, my good man, than I have ever given you! I'll raise your

salary, I'll try and help your family in any way I can, and we'll discuss

your situation this afternoon, over a bowl of Christmas soup, Bob!'

And Scrooge meant it too. He did it all; and a lot more. To Tiny Tim, who

did not die, he was a second father. He became a friend to all, and his own

heart laughed. May that truly be said of us, and all of us! And so, as Tiny

Tim once said,

God bless us, everyone!

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1. What promises did Scrooge want to keep?

2. Why was Scrooge crying?

3. What question did Scrooge ask the boy in the street?

4. What did Scrooge ask the boy to do for him?

5. What was Scrooge doing when he left the house?

6. Whom did Scrooge surprise in the afternoon?

7. What did he promise to Bob?

2. Complete each sentence with a suitable word from the box. Eye hands intentions prize shot struck Sunday

1. Scrooge had so many good that his cheeks were shining

2. with happiness.

3. The boy in the street was wearing his clothes.

4. The boy was off like a

5. He ran to bring the turkey for Scrooge.

6. Scrooge was so enthusiastic he was rubbing his and laughing.

7. As he was standing at the door, the knocker caught his

8. As Scrooge was waiting for Bob, the clock _________________ nine.

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Unit 4

01 Reading and listening:

SANDY: My husband has a closet full of sports equipment that he never uses

CLAIRE - Mine too. He bought a tennis racket last week. He says that he's going to start playing tennis.

SANDY - Ha. My husband has two tennis rackets in his closet. He can't even play tennis! Now he says he's going to buy some new skis.

CLAIRE - My husband has skis in the closet. They're covered with dust.

SANDY - I gave him a basketball for his birthday because he said that he wanted to start playing basketball with the guys. I don't know why I bought it. It just takes up space in the closet.

SANDY - The only “sports” equipment my husband uses is the remote control to the TV.

CLAIRE - I think we should sell all of the sports equipment and get something that they'll really use.

SANDY - What's that? A new sofa. They spend more time sitting on the sofa watching TV than anything else.

Write these sentences with the proper word order

1. husband closet has My a full equipment of sports .

2. can't tennis He even play !

3. I bought why don't it know I .

4. says He to start playing that he's tennis going .

5. husband My skis closet in the has .

What are these women talking about? Write a short summary of their conversation:

02 Vocabulary: write the names of the sports under the

pictures

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1. 2.

5. 6.

9. 10.

13. 14.

17. 18.

21. 22.

25. 26.

29. 30.

JUDO

WINDSURFING

VOLLEYBALL

CYCLING

BASEBALL

HICKING

ARCHERY

SAILING

ROLLERBLADING

RUNNING

TENNIS

JET SKIING

DIVING

AEROBICS

FOOTBALL

HORSEBACK

RIDING

BASKETBALL

ROWING

SKATEBOARDING

MOTOR RACING

ICE SKATING

BOXING

ROCK CLIMBING

CRICKET

FENCING

POLO

TABLE TENNIS

RUGBY

WEIGHTLIFTING

GOLF

SKIING

MOTORCYCLING

3. 4.

7. 8.

11. 12.

15. 16.

19. 20.

23. 24.

27. 28.

31. 32.

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03 Grammar

Will/shall

1 Complete the sentences with I'll + a suitable verb.

1. I'm too tired to walk home. I think I'll get a taxi. 2. 'It's a bit cold in this room.' 'Is It? _________________ on the heating then.' 3. 'We haven't got any milk.' 'Oh, haven't we? _________________ and get some.' 4. 'Do you want me to do the washing-up?' 'No, it's all right. _________________ it.' 5. 'I don't know how to use this computer.' 'OK, _________________ you.' 6. 'Would you like tea or coffee? '_________________ coffee, please.' 7. 'Goodbye! Have a nice holiday.' 'Thanks. _________________ you a postcard.' 8. Thank you for lending me your camera. _________________ it back to you on Monday, OK? 9. 'Are you coming with us?' 'No, I think _________________ here.'

2 Which is correct?

1. 'Did you phone Ruth?' 'Oh no, I forgot. _I phone (X)/I'll phone (O)_ her now.' (I'll phone is correct) 2. I can't meet you tomorrow afternoon. _I'm playing (O)/I'll play (X)_ tennis. (I'm playing is correct) 3. _'I meet/I'll meet_ you outside the hotel in half an hour, OK?' 'Yes, that's fine.' 4. 'I need some money.' 'OK, _I'm lending/I'll lend_ you some. How much do you need?' 5. _I'm having/I'll have_ a party next Saturday. I hope you can come. 6. 'Remember to buy a newspaper when you go out.' 'OK. _I don't forget/I won't forget.'_ 7. What time _does your train leave/will your train leave_ tomorrow? 8. I asked Sue what happened but she _doesn't tell/won't tell_ me. 9. _'Are you doing/Will you do_ anything tomorrow evening?' 'No, I'm free. Why?' 10. I don't want to go out alone. _Do you come/Will you come_ with me? 11. It's a secret between us. I promise _I don't tell/I won't tell_ anybody.

3 Which form of the verb is correct in these sentences?

1. Ann isn't free on Saturday. _She'll work (X)/She's working (O 2. _I'll go/I'm going_ to a party tomorrow night. Would you like to come too? 3. I think Jane _will get/is getting_ the job. She has a lot of experience. 4. I can't meet you this evening. A friend of mine _will come/is coming_ to see me. 5. A: Have you decided where to go for your holidays? B: Yes, _we will go/we are going_ to Italy. 6. There's no need to be afraid of the dog. _It won't hurt/It isn't hurting_ you.

4 Complete the sentences with will ('ll) + one of these verbs:

be be come get like look meet pass 1. Don't worry about your exam. I'm sure you I'll pass. 2. Why don't you try on this jacket? It _________________ nice on you. 3. You must meet George sometime. I think you _________________ him. 4. It's raining. Don't go out. You _________________ wet. 5. They've invited me to their house. They _________________ offended if I don't go.

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6. Goodbye. I expect we _________________ again before long. 7. I've invited Sue to the party but I don't think she _________________ 8. I wonder where I _________________ 20 years from now.

5 Put in will ('ll) or won't.

1. Can you wait for me? I won't be very long. 2. There's no need to take an umbrella with you. It _________________ rain. 3. If you don't eat anything now, you _________________ be hungry later. 4. I'm sorry about what happened yesterday. It _________________ happen again. 5. I've got some incredible news! You _________________ never believe what's happened. 6. Don't ask Margaret for advice. She _________________ know what to do.

6 Write questions using do you think ... will ...? + one of these verbs:

be back cost finish get married happen like rain 1. I've bought Mary a present. Do you think she'll like it? 2. The weather doesn't look very good. Do you _________________ 3. The meeting is still going on. When do you _________________ 4. My car needs to be repaired. How much _________________ 5. Sally and David are in love. Do _________________ 6. 'I'm going out now.' 'OK. What time _________________' 7. The future situation is uncertain. What _________________

I will and I'm going to

1 Complete the sentences using will ('ll) or going to.

1. A: Why are you turning on the television? B: I'm going to watch the news. (I/watch) 2. A: Oh, I've just realised. I haven't got any money. B: Haven't you? Well, don't worry. _________________ you some. (I/lend) 3. A: I've got a headache. B: Have you? Wait there and _________________ an aspirin for you. (I/get) 4. A: Why are you filling that bucket with water? B: _________________ the car. (I/wash) 5. A: I've decided to repaint this room. B: Oh, have you? What colour _________________ it? (you/paint) 6. A: Where are you going? Are you going shopping? B: Yes, _________________ something for dinner. (I/buy) 7. A: I don't know how to use this camera. B: It's quite easy. _________________ you. (I/show) 8. A: What would you like to eat? B: _________________ a sandwich, please. (I/have) 9. A: Did you post that letter for me? B: Oh, I'm sorry. I completely forgot _________________ it now. (I/do) 10. A: The ceiling in this room doesn't took very safe, does it? B: No, it looks as if _________________ down. (it/fall) 11. A: Has George decided what to do when he leaves school? B: Oh, yes. Everything is planned. _________________ a holiday for a few weeks and then _________________ a computer programming course. (he/have, he/do)

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2 Complete the sentences using will ('ll) or going to.

1. The phone rings and you answer. Somebody wants to speak to Jim. CALLER: Hello. Can I speak to Jim, please? YOU: Just a moment. _________________ him. (I/get) 2. It's a nice day. You've decided to sit in the garden. Before going outside, you tell your friend. YOU: The weather's too nice to stay indoors. _________________ in the garden. (I/sit) FRIEND: That's a good idea. I think _________________ you. (I/join) 3. Your friend is worried because she has lost an important letter. YOU: Don't worry about the letter. I'm sure _________________ it. (you/find) FRIEND: I hope so. 4. There was a job advertised in the paper recently. At first you were interested but then you decided not to apply. FRIEND: Have you decided what to do about that job that was advertised? YOU: Yes, _________________ for it. (I/not/apply) 5. You and a friend come home very late. Other people in the house are asleep. Your friend is noisy. You: Shhh! Don't make so much noise. _________________ everybody up. (you/wake) 6. John has to go to the airport to catch a plane tomorrow morning. JOHN: Ann, I need somebody to take me to the airport tomorrow morning. ANN: That's no problem. _________________ you. (I/take) What time is your flight? JOHN: 10.50. ANN: OK. _________________ at about 9 o'clock then. (we/leave) Later that day, Joe offers to take John to the airport. JOE: John, do you want me to take you to the airport? JOHN: No thanks, Joe. _________________ me. (Ann/take)

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04 Reading and writing

Keep healthy on a budget

We offer some advice on how to stay fit and fabulous without breaking the

bank.

1 ______________________________________________________

Lack of sleep is debilitating, ask any new parent. Research points to it being a big factor in accidents, depression and other illnesses. Studies suggest that simple things can make a difference to the amount and quality of sleep we get, such as cutting down on tea, coffee and alcohol at night. Exercise is good as it can help us to get off to sleep and it also eases depression and anxiety that keep us tossing and turning. 2_________________________________________________________ Cooking vegetables quickly in as little water as possible will cut your fuel bills and improve the quality of your food. The current consensus is that boiling for a long time in lots of water washes a significant amount of goodness out of the veg. Steaming or microwaving is better and doing so for the shortest possible time. 3_________________________________________________________________ Smoking is expensive. While the evidence is mixed, it seems that motivation and the right guidance can help people to give it up. A popular stop-smoking book is Paul Mckenna's Quit Smoking Today. It's also worth talking to your GP, as he or she might be able to put you in touch with counselling services, and prescribe nicotine-replacement products. 4______________________________________________________________________ Many chemicals we consume have the potential to be harmful. Alcohol is one example. This is why we humans have an extremely powerful, highly effective built-in system, an organ that removes harmful substances, our liver. It works brilliantly and doesn't need help from any of the miracle drinks, diets, supplements or any of the other potions and nostrums that are on offer. 5__________________________________________________________________ Combining the therapeutic effects of a pet with the health benefits of physical exercise, this is a gold star activity. Better still, it's free, with none of the hassle of actual pet ownership and all the altruistic joy of helping people in need. 6_____________________________________________________________________ Local authority sports centres are much better value for money than private ones. If you are going fewer than four times a week, it may be worth switching. If you are considering a private one, remember to shop around. Many offer free day passes before joining, and don't charge a joining fee. 7_____________________________________________________________________ Yes, Goji berries, blueberries, cloudberries and so on contain lots of wonderful biochemicals that are so good for you. But you can get just the same from the simple apple, carrot and potato. Eat five portions of fruit and veg,, starchy foods, two portions of oily fish a week and

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go easy on the meat and you will have all you need. And get rid of the bottled water, there's no evidence it is any better than tap water, and it's much more expensive.

Write these headlines beside the proper paragraph number

A NO NEED FOR MIRACLE FOODS B WALK A CHARITY DOG C GO TO BED D FUN FOR FREE E GET A CHEAP GYM MEMBERSHIP F SAVE YOUR NUTRIENTS G GET RID OF DETOX PRODUCTS H KICK THE BAD HABIT I CHILLING OUT

Writing

What do you do to keep fit and healthy?

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05. Listening and speaking: What kind of sports do you like?

You'll hear this basic conversation two times. First, at a normal speed, then at a slower speed. After that, you'll hear short practice dialogs using What kind of (noun) do you like? Finally, you'll hear the conversation again at a normal speed. Conversation

Bill: Robert, I have some _________________to the Hawks game. Do you want to go? Robert: Not really, Bill. I don't like_________________. Bill: Oh, do you like sports? Robert: Yes, of_________________. Bill: What _________________of sports do you like? Robert: I like_________________. Bill: Well, that's the world's most popular sport. Let's practice. A: What kind of sports do you like? B: I like soccer. A: What kind of food do you like? B: I like sushi. A: What kind of books do you like? B: I like Harry Potter. A: What kind of movies do you like? B: I like action movies. A: What kind of cars do you like? B: I like sports cars.

tickets course soccer baseball kind

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06 Speaking: Dialogue After school club You and your partner are deciding what after school club you should send

your child to. You think a group sport would be the right one and they offer a

good football one. Share the information with your partner and decide which

of the courses is the right one. FOOTBALL CLUB

Junior football club

Tuesday and

Thursday

17.00-18.00.

Junior

League

Points to consider

• Team spirit • You can follow football on TV • Popular sport • Good exercise • Open air sport JUDO CLUB Points to consider

• Good self defense skills • Olympic winner as teacher • Concentration skills • No need for a team to practice • Nice atmosphere

Miriam Blasco’s Judo club

Children’s club

Tuesdays 18.30-20.00

Monthly fee € 60

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Unit 5

01 Listening and speaking: Going to the cinema

Listen to Mario and Tamara talking about what film they want to see and do the

exercises to practise and improve your listening skills.

Do this exercise before you listen. Draw a line to match the pictures with the words below.

action

cartoon horror

historical drama romantic comedy science fiction

1. Check your understanding:

Which film are Mario and Tamara going to see?

What time does the film they want to see start?

What time are Mario and Tamara going to meet?

2. Check your understanding: gap fill Do this exercise while you listen. Complete the gaps with the correct word. Tamara: Hi, Mario. Do you want to go and watch a _______________? Mario : Hi, Tamara. Sure, what’s _______________? Tamara: Well there are two action films, Mr and Mrs Jones and War Games, and they’re both in _______________. Mario : I’ve already seen Mr and Mrs Jones. I haven’t seen War _______________ but I don’t really want to see an _______________ film. What else is _______________? Tamara: There’s that science fiction film, Robot 2075, but I’ve already __________ it. Mario : Is it _______________? Tamara: Yes, it is, but I don’t want to see it _______________. There’s a ___________ comedy called Forever. Mario : Mmm, I’m not sure. Are there any _______________ films on? Tamara: Yes, there’s Midnight Moon. It’s got _______________ in it. Mario : OK, sounds good. Let’s go and watch Midnight Moon. What _______________ is it on? Tamara: It’s on at 12 o’clock or at half past _______________.

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Mario : Is it on this _______________? Yes, at 7.30. Mario : Perfect. Let _______________ at 7.30. Tamara: OK, shall we _______________ at the cinema at 7.00? Mario : Great! See you _______________. Tamara: Bye.

Speaking: Films

What type of films do you like? What was the last film you saw at the cinema?

Speaking: Books

1) How important are books to you?

2) What would life be like without books?

3) What kinds of books do you like?

4) Do you prefer paperbacks or hardbacks?

5) If you wrote a book, what would you write about?

6) If you could only have one book for the rest of your life, what would it be and why?

7) Do you think the Internet will make books disappear?

8) What do you think of the idea of E-books?

9) What book would you recommend for children?

10) How many books have you read in English?

11) Who is your favourite author?

12) Do you prefer to keep the books you read?

13) What’s the most number of times you have read the same book?

14) Which is better, the book or the movie?

15) Do you prefer fiction or non-fiction?

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Match the correct words wi

AmE

1) Movie 2) Torch 3) Fall 4) Soccer 5) Sneakers 6) Can 7) Candy 8) Subway 9) Pacifier 10) Eraser 11) Apartment 12) Closet 13) Mail 14) Cab 15) Drapes 16) Yard 17) Vacation 18) Chips 19) Faucet 20) Pants 21) Corn

Match the correct words with the correct pictures

a) b) Autum

d) e) Underground

h) Sweet

j) Holidayk) Garden

m) Torchn) Wardrobe

p) Trousers

r) Curtains

t) Flashlightu) Dummy

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the correct pictures

BrE

a) Football b) Autumn

c) Flat d) Rubber Underground

f) Taxi g) Tin

h) Sweet i) Post

j) Holiday k) Garden l) Crisps m) Torch

n) Wardrobe o) Tap

p) Trousers q) Maize

r) Curtains s) Film

t) Flashlight u) Dummy

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03 Grammar

Tag questions

1 Put a question tag on the end of these sentences. 1. Tom won't be late, will her? No, he's never late.

2. You're tired, aren't you? Yes, a little.

3. You've got a camera, ___________________ Yes, why? Do you want to borrow it?

4. You weren't listening, ___________________ Yes, I was!

5. Sue doesn't know Ann, ___________________? No, they've never met.

6. Jack's on holiday, ___________________ Yes, he's in Portugal.

7. Ann's applied for the job, ___________________ Yes, but she won't get it.

8. You can speak German, ___________________ Yes, but not very fluently.

9. He won't mind if I use his phone,___________________No, of course he won't.

10. There are a lot of people here, ___________________ Yes, more than I expected.

11. Let's go out tonight, ___________________ Yes, let's.

12. This isn't very interesting, ___________________? No, not very.

13. I'm too impatient, ___________________? Yes, you are sometimes.

14. You wouldn't tell anyone ___________________?No, of course not.

15. Listen, ___________________ OK, I'm listening.

16. I shouldn't have lost my temper, ___________________? No, but never mind.

17. Don't drop that vase, ___________________? No, don't worry.

18. He'd never met her before, ___________________?, No, that was the first time.

2 Read the situation and write a sentence with a question tag. In each situation you are asking your friend to agree with you. 1. You look out of the window. The sky is blue and the sun is shining. What do you say to your friend? (beautiful day) _It's a beautiful day, isn't it? 2. You're with a friend outside a restaurant. You're looking at the prices, which are very high. What do you say? (expensive) It __________________ 3. You've just come out of the cinema with a friend'. You really enjoyed the film. What do you say to your friend? (great) The film __________________ 4. You and a friend are listening to a woman singing. You like her voice very much. What do you say to your friend? (a lovely voice) She __________________

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5. You are trying on a jacket. You look in the mirror and you don't like what you see. What do you say to your friend? (not/took/very good) It __________________ 6. Your friend's hair is much shorter than when you last met. What do you say to her/him? (have/your hair/cut) You __________________ 7. You and a friend are walking over a wooden bridge. It is very old and some parts are broken. What do you say? (not/very safe) This bridge __________________

Comparatives

1 Complete the sentences using a comparative form (older/more important etc.). 1. It's too noisy here. Can we go somewhere _quieter?_ 2. This coffee is very weak. I like it a bit __________________. 3. The hotel was surprisingly big. I expected it to be __________________ 4. The hotel was surprisingly cheap. I expected it to be __________________. 5. The weather is too cold in this country. I'd like to live somewhere __________________. 6. My job is a bit boring sometimes. I'd like to do something__________________. 7. 1 was surprised how easy it was to use the computer. I thought it would be __________________. 8. Your work isn't very good. I'm sure you can do__________________. 9. Don't worry. The situation isn't so bad. It could be __________________. 10. 1 was surprised we got here so quickly. I expected the journey to take __________________. 11. You're talking very loudly. Can you speak a bit __________________. 12. You hardly ever phone me. Why don't you phone me __________________. 13. You're standing too near the camera. Can you move a bit __________________ away? 14. You were a bit depressed yesterday but you look __________________ today. 2 Complete the sentences. Each time use the comparative form of one of the words in the list. Use than where necessary. big crowded early easily high important interested peaceful reliable serious simple thin 1. I was feeling tired last night, so I went to bed _earlier than_ usual. 2. I'd like to have a __________________ car. The one I've got keeps breaking down. 3. Unfortunately her illness was __________________ we thought at first. 4. You look __________________ Have you lost weight? 5. I want a __________________ flat. We don't have enough space here. 6. He doesn't study very hard. He's __________________ in having a good time. 7. Health and happiness are __________________ money. 8. The instructions were very complicated. They could have been __________________ 9. There were a lot of people on the bus. It was __________________ usual. 10. I like living in the countryside. It's __________________ living in a town. 11. You'll find your way around the town __________________ if you have a good map. 12. In some parts of the country, prices are __________________ in others.

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Superlatives

1 Complete the sentences. Use a superlative (~est or most ... ) + a preposition. 1 It's a very nice room. It _is the nicest room in_ the hotel.

2. It's a very cheap restaurant. It's __________________ the town.

3. It was a very happy day. It was __________________ my life.

4. She's a very intelligent student. She __________________ the class.

5. It's a very valuable painting. It __________________ the gallery.

6. Spring is a very busy time for me. It __________________ the year.

In the following sentences use one of + a superlative + a preposition.

7 It's a very nice room. It _is one of the nicest rooms in_ the hotel.

8. He's a very rich man. He's one __________________ the world.

9. It's a very old castle. It __________________ Britain.

10. She's a very good player. She __________________ the team.

11. It was a very bad experience. It __________________ my life.

12. He's a very dangerous criminal. He __________________ the country.

2 Complete the sentences. Use a superlative (~est or most ...) or a comparative (~er or more ...). 1. We stayed at _the cheapest_ hotel in the town. (cheap)

2. Our hotel was _cheaper_ than all the others in the town. (cheap)

3. The United States is very large but Canada is __________________ (large)

4. What's __________________ river in the world? (long)

5. He was a bit depressed yesterday but he looks __________________ today. (happy)

6. It was an awful day. It was __________________ day of my life. (bad)

7. What is __________________ sport in your country? (popular)

8. Everest is __________________ mountain in the world. It is than any other mountain.

(high)

9. We had a great holiday. It was one of the __________________ holidays we've ever had.

(enjoyable)

10. I prefer this chair to the other one. It's __________________ (comfortable)

11. What's __________________ way of getting from here to the station? (quick)

12. Mr and Mrs Brown have got three daughters __________________ is 14 years old. (old)

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Write the correct word (there might be more than one

answer):

1. __________are you?

2. __________do you come from?

3. __________is it?

4. __________comes tonight?

5. __________did you do it?

6. __________one is yours?

7. __________is your birthday?

8. __________can you forget about him?

9. __________did you get here?

10. __________many people will come?

11. __________are you going for your holiday?

12. __________do you want to do with it?

13. __________can I call?

14. __________one is your dog?

15. __________could you do it?

16. __________on earth is he?

17. __________is the mobile phone?

18. __________is it the right time to leave him?

19. __________are you?

20. __________often do you see a dentist?

21. __________does the shop close?

22. __________is the train taking us?

23. __________is the colour of the car?

24. __________do you know?

25. __________is the oldest person in your family?

26. __________would you like for dinner?

27. __________many times must I tell you?

28. __________can we call?

29. __________are you from?

30. __________did you close the window?

Write the correct word (there might be more than one

__________do you come from?

__________is your birthday?

__________can you forget about him?

__________did you get here?

__________many people will come?

__________are you going for your holiday?

__________do you want to do with it?

__________is the mobile phone?

__________is it the right time to leave him?

__________often do you see a dentist?

hop close?

__________is the train taking us?

__________is the colour of the car?

__________is the oldest person in your family?

__________would you like for dinner?

__________many times must I tell you?

__________did you close the window?

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Writing Task: Most exciting thing I’ve ever done

The most exciting and scary thing I’ve ever done is fly in a small 4-seater plane. The pilot was the boyfriend of

my best friend. It was a very beautiful day and we decided to go for a ride- but in a little propeller plane. I had

never been in such a small plane before. My friend, Susan sat in the co-pilots seat. During the flight her

boyfriend asked her if she would like to fly the plane. While she was at the controls, the pilot, Jason kept

saying things like - if you turn the wings a little more to the right they will snap off and if you turn them to the

left we will crash. I was so scared! I didn’t know if he was kidding or if it was really true. Finally after about a

week Jason took over the controls again. Still it was a very smooth and pleasant flight. There were no bumps

at all. But I was pretty scared when my friend was flying the plane, and I was very glad to be on solid ground

again. I never had the opportunity to be in such a small plane ever again, but I would be glad to do so.

Writing Task: Most Exciting thing I’ve ever done

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THE SELFISH GIANT

Every afternoon, as they were coming from school, the children used to go and play in the Giant's garden.

It was a large lovely garden, with soft green grass. Here

and there over the grass stood beautiful flowers like stars,

and there were twelve peach-trees that in the spring-time

broke out into delicate blossoms of pink and pearl, and in

the autumn bore rich fruit.

The birds sat on the trees and sang so sweetly that the

children used to stop their games in order to listen to

them. "How happy we are here!" they cried to each

other.

One day the Giant came back. He had been to visit his

friend the Cornish ogre, and had stayed with him for

seven years. After the seven years were over he had said

all that he had to say, for his conversation was limited,

and he determined to return to his own castle. When he

arrived he saw the children playing in the garden.

"What are you doing here?" he cried in a very gruff voice, and the children ran away.

"My own garden is my own garden," said the Giant;

"any one can understand that, and I will allow nobody

to play in it but myself."

So he built a high wall all round it, and put up a notice-

board.

TRESPASSERS WILL BE PROSECUTED

He was a very selfish Giant.

The poor children had now nowhere to play. They tried

to play on the road, but the road was very dusty and

full of hard stones, and they did not like it. They used to

wander round the high wall when their lessons were

over, and talk about the beautiful garden inside. "How

happy we were there," they said to each other.

Then the Spring came, and all over the country there were

little blossoms and little birds.

Only in the garden of the Selfish Giant it was still winter.

The birds did not care to sing in it as there were no

children, and the trees forgot to blossom.

Once a beautiful flower put its head out from the grass,

but when it saw the notice-board it was so sorry for the

children that it slipped back into the ground again, and

went off to sleep.

"I cannot understand why the Spring is so late in coming,"

said the Selfish Giant, as he sat at the window and looked out at his cold white garden; "I hope there will be a

change in the weather."

But the Spring never came, nor the Summer. The Autumn gave golden fruit to every garden, but to the Giant's

garden she gave none. "He is too selfish," she said. So it was always Winter there, and the North Wind, and

the Hail, and the Frost, and the Snow danced about through the trees.

One morning the Giant was lying awake in bed when he heard some lovely music. It sounded so sweet to his

ears that he thought it must be the King's musicians passing by.

It was really only a little linnet singing outside his

window, but it was so long since he had heard a bird

sing in his garden that it seemed to him to be the

most beautiful music in the world.

Then the Hail stopped dancing over his head, and the

North Wind ceased roaring, and a delicious perfume

came to him through the open casement. "I believe

the Spring has come at last," said the Giant; and he

jumped out of bed and looked out.

What did he see?

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He saw a most wonderful sight. Through a little hole in the wall the children had crept in, and they were

sitting in the branches of the trees. In every tree that he could see there was a little child.

And the trees were so glad to have the children back

again that they had covered themselves with blossoms,

and were waving their arms gently above the children's

heads.

The birds were flying about and twittering with delight,

and the flowers were looking up through the green grass

and laughing.

It was a lovely scene, only in one corner it was still winter.

It was the farthest corner of the garden, and in it was

standing a little boy. He was so small that he could not

reach up to the branches of the tree, and he was

wandering all round it, crying bitterly.

The poor tree was still quite covered with frost and snow, and the North Wind was blowing and roaring above

it. "Climb up! little boy," said the Tree, and it bent its branches down as low as it could; but the boy was too

tiny.

And the Giant's heart melted as he looked out. "How selfish I have been!" he said; "now I know why the

Spring would not come here. I will put that poor little boy on the top of the tree, and then I will

knock down the wall, and my garden shall be the chil

He was really very sorry for what he had done.

and went out into the garden.

But when the children saw him they were so frightened that they all ran

again.

Only the little boy did not run, for his eyes were so full of tears that he did not see the Giant coming. And the

Giant stole up behind him and took him gently in his hand, and put him up into the tree.

And the tree broke at once into blossom, and the birds came and sang on it, and the little boy stretched out

his two arms and flung them round the Giant's neck, and kissed him.

And the other children, when they saw that the Giant was not wicked any longer, came running back, and with them came the Spring. "It is your garden now, little children," said the Giant, and

down the wall. And when the people were going to market at twelve o'clock they found the Giant playing with the children in the most beautiful garden they had ever seen.

WEB SOURCE: http://www.kids-pages.com/folders/stories/The_Selfish_Giant/page6.htm

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05 Reading and speaking

“Aren't you glad you didn't turn on the light?” I heard about a girl who went back to her dorm room late one night to get some stuff

before heading to her boyfriend's room for the night. She entered the room but did

not turn on the light, she knew that her roommate was sleeping. She stumbled and

tiptoed around the room in the dark for several minutes, gathering books, clothes,

and a toothbrush before finally leaving.

The next day, she came back to her room to find it surrounded by police. They asked

if she lived there and she said yes. They took her into her room, and there, written

in blood on the wall, were the words, "Aren't you glad you didn't turn on the light?"

Her roommate was being murdered while she was getting her things.

Answer these questions:

1. Who are the characters in this story?

2. Where does this story take place?

3. What happens in this story?

4. Why is this story scary?

5. Do you think this is a true story? Why/Why not?

Talk in groups about aliens, angels, zombies, vampires, dragons, and

witches. What do you think about each? Could they or do they exist?

Why/Why not?

Definitely

Possible

No way!

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Speaking: ask your partner and take notes

• What is your favorite story?

• Who is your favorite author?

• Who is your favorite character?

• What is the longest book you have ever read?

o How long did it take you to read it?

• What is the funniest book you have ever read?

• The saddest?

o The strangest?

• How many books have you read in your life?

• How many hours do you spend reading in a week?

• What books have you recommended for other people?

• Do you watch the movie that came from a book?

• Most people say the book is better than the movie. Is this true for you?

• Is there a book that you have read more than once?

o What was the title?

o How many times did you read it?

• What is your favorite book of all time?

• Do you think that it is more valuable to read a book than to watch television?

• Do you think that the internet and television will eventually make books

obsolete?

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06 Listening, reading, speaking and writing Reading habits

1. Find the meaning of these words and write the translation; then listen and fill

in the blanks:

I really enjoy reading in my free time, but my _________________ often determines what I read. I enjoy comic books; it usually is light reading, and the stories aren't very _________________, but some comics really reflect daily life in my ______________. I also like to ______________the newspaper every day to find out what's ________ in the world. This keeps me _________________on current local and international ______________. Because I don't have much time to read, I generally _____________ over the editorial section of the newspaper and read the _________________and sports sections. Every once in a while, I take the time to read a good novel if time permits. Overall, reading helps me not only stay in touch with the world but it also gives me a _________ to relax.

2. Prepare a short monologue about your reading habits

3. Write the story of The Happy Prince

skim ___________________ long _________________

happening _________________ mood _________________

events_________________ chance_________________

culture _________________ skip _________________

up to date _________________ business _________________

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Unit 6

01 Listening and reading This is the VOA Special English Agriculture Report. A government report says climate change is already affecting American agriculture. The new report is from the Climate Change Science Program, which ____________the research efforts of thirteen federal agencies. President George Bush launched the program six years ago. Here are some of the ____________by scientists: The growing season has increased by ten to fourteen days in ____________parts of the United States over the last nineteen years. Much of the East and South now get more rain than a century ago. But the report says there is some evidence of increased ____________conditions in the West and Southwest. Western states have less snow and ____________on the mountains and earlier ____________in the spring. Grain and oilseed crops are likely to develop faster with increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. But higher temperatures will increase the risk of____________. Also, ____________crops such as tomatoes, onions and fruit are more easily affected by climate change than grains and oilseed crops. Fewer animals will die during warmer winters, but greater numbers will die during hotter summers. And temperature extremes reduce animal production of meat or milk products. Forests in the West, the Southwest and Alaska already have increases in fires, insect ____________and dead trees. But young forests on good ____________will be more productive because of increased carbon dioxide levels. At the same time, invasive plants will also grow faster and are likely to move ____________. Recent research also suggests that weeds might get harder to kill with glyphosate, the most widely used plant killer in the United States. The Department of Agriculture was the lead agency for the new report. Thirty-eight scientists from universities, national laboratories,____________ organizations and federal service wrote it. They considered more than one thousand scientific publications. The report was the strongest statement yet by the Bush administration that human activity is the main cause of climate change in the last fifty years. Carbon dioxide from the burning of oil, natural gas and coal is the main gas ____________for trapping heat in the atmosphere. The report says warming is very likely to continue in the United States during the next twenty-five to fifty years. And it says this is so even if future greenhouse-gas ____________are reduced. And that's the VOA Special English Agriculture Report, written by Jerilyn Watson. I'm Bob Doughty.

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02 Vocabulary and writing

Catch the wind

1. Answer these questions:

Why is the boy running all the time?

What is the boy’s birthday present for his grandfather?

Where does the story begin? Where does it end?

What does the boy do in the train? Why?

How does the boy arrive at his grandparents’?

What are the most repeated words of the background song?

What does this commercial advertise?

Write a short narrative of the story:

2. Match these forms of renewable energy with their definitions:

1. Biofuels

2. Biomass

3. Geothermal

4. Hydro power

5. Solar power

6. Tidal power

7. Wave power

8. Wind power

__ living and recently dead biological material that can be

used as fuel

__a form of hydropower that converts the energy of tides

into electricity

__solid, liquid or gaseous fuel derived from relatively

recently dead biological material

__conversion of wind energy into a useful form, such as

electricity,

__the transport of energy by ocean surface waves, and

the capture of that energy to do useful work

__ power that is derived from the force or energy of

moving water

__ heat that comes from within the Earth

__ electricity generated from solar radiation.

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03 Grammar First and second conditionals 1 Put the verb into the correct form. 1. They would be rather offended if I _didn't go_ to see them. (not/go) 2. If you took more exercise, you _would feel_ better. (feel) 3. If I was offered the job, I think I ____________ it. (take) 4. I'm sure Amy will lend you the money. I'd be very surprised if she ____________ (refuse) 5. If I sold my car, I ____________ much money for it. (not/get) 6. A lot of people would be out of work if the factory ____________ (close down) 7. What would happen if I ____________ that red button? (press) 8. Liz gave me this ring. She ____________ very upset if I lost it. (be) 9. Mark and Carol are expecting us. They would be disappointed if we ____________ (not/come) 10. Would Tim mind if I ____________ his bicycle without asking him? (borrow) 11. If somebody ____________ in here with a gun, I'd be very frightened. (walk) 12. I'm sure Sue ____________ if you explained the situation to her. (understand) 2 Answer the questions in the way shown. 1. A: Shall we catch the 10.30 train? B: No. (arrive/too early) _If we caught the 10.30 train, we'd arrive too early._ 2. A: Is Ken going to take the examination? B: No. (fall) If he ____________ 3. A: Why don't we stay at a hotel? B: No. (cost too much money) If ____________ 4. A: Is Sally going to apply for the job? B: No. (not/get it) If ____________ 5. A: Let's tell them the truth. B: No. (not/believe us) If ____________ 6. A: Why don't we invite Bill to the party? B: No. (have to invite his friends too)____________ 3 Use your own ideas to complete these sentences. 1. If you took more exercise, _you'd feel better._ 2. I'd feel very angry if --- 3. If I didn't go to school tomorrow ____________ 4. Would you go to the party if ____________ 5. If you bought some new clothes ____________ 6. Would you mind if ____________ Unless 1 Write a new sentence with the same meaning. Use u nless in your sentence. 1. You must work much harder or you won't pass the exam. _You won't pass, the exam unless you work much harder._ 2. Listen carefully or you won't know what to do. You won't know what to do ____________ 3. She must apologize to me or I'll never speak to her again. I'll ____________ 4. You have to speak very slowly or he won't be able to understand you. ____________ 5. The company must offer me more money or I'm going to look for another job.

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____________ 2 Write a new sentence with the same meaning. Use u nless in your sentence. 1. You are allowed into the club only if you're a member. _You aren't allowed into the club unless you're a member._ 2. I'm going to the party only if you go too. I'm not going ____________ 3. The dog will attack you only if you move suddenly. ____________ 4. He'll speak to you only if you ask him a question. ____________ 5. The doctor will see you today only if it's an emergency. ____________ 3 Use your own ideas to complete these sentences. 1. We'll be late unless _we hurry._ 2. I like hot weather unless ____________ 3. I like hot weather provided ____________ 4. Kate reads a newspaper every day as long as ____________ 5. I don't mind walking home as long as ____________ 6. I like to walk to work in the morning unless ____________ 7. We can meet tomorrow unless ____________ 8. You can borrow the money providing ____________ 9. You won't achieve anything unless ____________

04 Writing Write a composition on this topic?

What would you do if you won a big lottery prize?

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1. If you heat water, a. it produces greenhouse gases

2. If people don't eat or drink, b. the sea level rises

3. If I am late, c. they become extinct 4. If you have a toothache, d. the greenhouse effect gets worse.

5. When factories use fossil fuels, e. it boils.

6. When you burn oil, f. you save up energy

7. When people cut down trees, g. my father takes me to school. 8. When icebergs melt, h. it is deforestation

9. If you use air conditioning wisely,

i. you visit the dentist

10. If people don’t protect animals, j. eventually they die.

1. If I won the lottery, a. if it didn’t rain.

2. If I were in Brazil, b. I wouldn’t do that.

3. They wouldn’t work any more c. I would travel around the world.

4. We could go out d. if you were me?

5. What would you do e. if they won the lottery.

6. If I were you f. I would go to Rio de Janeiro.

If you ………………(drop) an apple, it ………………(fall).

I ………………(get) tired if I ………………(work) too much.

Water ………………(boil) if you ………………(heat) it to 100 C

I ………………(phone) my friend if I ………………(have time today.

If you ………………(freeze) water, it ………………(turn) into ice.

If it ………………(rain) today, I ………………(stay) at home.

If I ………………(see) you tomorrow, I ………………(buy) you a drink.

We……………… (go) to the beach if it……………… (be) warm tomorrow

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Type O Conditional

If the sun …………………(rise) high, it ……………………(become) very hot.

Plants ………………….(die), if it ……………………………(do) not rain.

People …………………..(get) fat, if they ………………….(eat) junk food.

If a person ………………..(practise) sports, he or she always ……… (feel) good.

Type 1 Conditional

If you ……………(cook) the supper, I………..……(wash) the dishes.

She ………………..(pass) the test if she ……………..(study) hard.

If it …….. (be) sunny, we …….. (go) to the park.

Paula ………..(be) sad if Juan ………. (leave.)

Type 2 Conditional

If I ……………..(have) a million dollars, I ……………..(buy)a big house.

If dogs …………(have) wings, they ………….(be) able to fly.

If I ……….(be) you, I ……………(drive) more carefully in the rain.

Paula ………(be) sad if Jan …………………..(leave).

V. Fill in the sentences with the correct form of the given verb.

If you …………(boil) water, it ……………( turn) to steam.

If I ………. (be) an astronaut, I ……………..(take) the photos of Turkey from space.

If you ………… (put) a stone in the water, it …………..(go) down.

If you ……………(put) oil into water it ………………….(float)

If there …………..(be) no water on earth, we ………………….(not, exist).

If you ……………….(be) a bird, where …………..you ………….( fly) to?

Anna …………………..(pass) the test if she ………(study) hard enough.

If you ……………..( heat) ice it ……………..(melt)

I ……………….(not, do) that if I ………………….(be) you.

If he ………………….(get) any worse I…………………. (take) him to the doctor's.

If the snow ………………….(get) any worse we………… (have ) stop walking.

If ice (melt), it ……………………(turn) to water

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Let’s talk about

What is climate change? Is it

the same as global warming?

Think about it and explain in

your words to the class.

What dangers are threatening

our lives and our planet?

Discuss in group & make a list.

Scientists predict that the ice

caps will melt.

What affect could this have on

life on Earth?

What’s a carbon footprint?

How big is yours?

How can it be reduced?

Are governments doing enough

to combat climate change?

Name some measures that have

been so far.

Could climate change destroy

life on Earth?

Discuss a best-case and a worst-

case scenario.

Match pictures and text

biofuel coal mine control panel for heater or A/C

dam - hydroelectric power plant

heavy industry incandescent light bulb nuclear power plant petrol station or gas station

recycling could save the world

solar panel wind turbine

Let’s talk about CLIMATE

CHANGE

Some people claim climate

change is just part of a natural

cycle and that it is not man

made. What do you think?

Do you believe in climate

change?

If so, why do you think it is

happening? Discuss in group.

Do you think climate change can

be stopped?

What should be done?

Should we be worried about

climate change? Explain.

Are you worried?

Do you use environmentally

friendly products?

Have you ‘gone green’?

Give examples.

‘Cutting carbon emissions’ is an

often used phrase.

What does it mean and how can

it be achieved?

Do you or your family drive an

“eco car”?

Why or why not?

Give examples of such cars.

Have you changed your lifestyle

to save our planet and prevent

climate change?

What have you done?

What do you know about the

Kyoto Protocol?

What happened in 2009 in

Copenhagen?

The world is addicted to oil. Are

there any alternatives to oil?

Make a list of energy sources

and their effect on nature.

Should poor

be asked to make similar efforts

as wealthy, industrialized

countries? Give your view.

Coal is still a widely used source

of energy worldwide. Is it more

or less polluting than oil?

Is there a future for coal?

Match pictures and text

control panel for heater or A/C hydroelectric power plant

petrol station or gas station could save the world

1

2

5

9

10

6

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CLIMATE

Some people claim climate

change is just part of a natural

cycle and that it is not man-

made. What do you think?

Do you think climate change can

be stopped?

What should be done?

Do you use environmentally-

friendly products?

Have you ‘gone green’?

Give examples.

Do you or your family drive an

“eco car”?

Why or why not?

Give examples of such cars.


Kyoto Protocol?


Copenhagen?

Should poor developing countries

be asked to make similar efforts

as wealthy, industrialized

countries? Give your view. 3

4

7

8

11

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r

(answers may vary) The phrase 'climate change' is now preferred to

'global warming' because it helps

convey that there are changes in

addition to rising temperatures.

(answers may vary)

(answers may vary)

climate change, pollution,

overpopulation, deforestation,

lack of clean water, meteor

impact, terrorism etc.

(answers may vary)

cut carbon emissions, change our

lifestyle, go green, consume less

energy, tax polluters etc.

(answers may vary)

Possible rise of sea levels could

flood low-lying areas where

millions live (e.g. Bangladesh,

Pacific islands, Amsterdam etc.)

‘eco’ car, detergents, paper,

bags, recycling, use public

transport etc.

Reduce the emission of CO2.

Save energy, make industries

cleaner and greener, drive

smaller cars, etc.

Amount of greenhouse gases (GHG) that are emitted into the atmosphere

each year by an entity such as a

person, household, organization, etc.

(can be direct or indirect).

(answers may vary) Toyota Prius

is one of the first and most

popular eco-cars; unfortunately

more expensive than normal cars

(answers may vary)

(answers may vary)


Kyoto Protocol?


Copenhagen?

solar, wind, hydro-electric,

nuclear energy, bio-fuels, etc.

(answers may vary)

(answers may vary)

Very polluting energy source.

Cheap and widely available. Carbon

capture and storage (CCS)

technology under development.

Useful links & resources

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change

• http://climatechange.custhelp.com/cgi-bin/climatechange.cfg/php/enduser/std_alp.php (FAQ)

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_capture_and_storage

• http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/

• http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/kids/index.html (nice and informative site for kids)

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto_protocol

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copenhagen_Climate_Talks

• Al Gore’s movie “An Inconvenient Truth” is great to introduce and discuss this topic.

biofuel 4

coal mine 6

control panel for heater or A/C 5

dam - hydroelectric power plant 7

heavy industry 1

incandescent light bulb 3

nuclear power plant 11

petrol station or gas station 9

recycling could save the world 2

solar panel 10

wind turbine 8

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05 Speaking and writing

Environment & Pollution Ask and answer these questions with your partner and take notes

• Do you think cars should be banned from city centers?

• What are some things that can be recycled?

• What are some types of pollution?

• What can you do to help prevent pollution?

• What is the most important issue facing the environment today?

• If you could choose one alternative energy source to develop which one would

you choose? Why?

• Do you think recycling is an important community service?

o Do you recycle?

• What is the main problem with renewable energy sources?

• Do think global warming is real?

o Do you think this is an effect of pollution?

• In what ways can we save more water? Please tell your experiences.

Todo jeloou 4

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