Tissues - Delta Collegewebsites.delta.edu/mgrobert/PDFs/Tissues.pdfCONNECTIVE TISSUES Communal...
Transcript of Tissues - Delta Collegewebsites.delta.edu/mgrobert/PDFs/Tissues.pdfCONNECTIVE TISSUES Communal...
TISSUESThe Body’s
Building Blocks
Mark RobertsonProfessor of Biology
Delta College
LEVELS OF COMPLEXITY
Atoms
Molecules
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ Systems
FOUR MAJOR TISSUE SUBGROUPS
EpithelialConnectiveMuscularNervous
EPITHELIAL TISSUE CLASSIFICATIONS
DepthSimple (single layer of cells)Stratified (multiple layers of cells)
Cell ShapeSquamous (for diffusion, osmosis, filtration)Cuboidal (combination of some product production and still has some diffusion)Columnar (for lots of product production, product storage, and maximum protection)
EXAMPLES OF SIMPLE EPITHELIA
Simple Squamous (very thin cells)
Simple Cuboidal (boxy looking cells)
Simple Columnar (tallest cells, may have cilia and/or goblet cells for mucus)
EXAMPLES OF STRATIFIED EPITHELIA
Stratified SquamousNonkeratinized – “not killed”; moist linings (Robertson’s One-Finger Rule for locations)
Keratinized – “killed”; dry outer skin dies as keratin is formed, only in epidermis
EXAMPLES OF STRATIFIED EPITHELIA
Pseudostratified Columnar
Ciliated with goblet cells (respiratory tract)Nonciliated with goblet cells (digestive tract)
EXAMPLES OF STRATIFIED EPITHELIA
Transitionalno goblet cells or ciliaallows stretch in urinary bladder lininggoes from cuboidal (empty) to squamous shape (full)
CONNECTIVE TISSUES
Communal FeaturesCells (name ends in “cyte” if adult-like or in “blast” if reproductive)Matrix (water plus dissolved protein) Protein Fibers (always has reticular; may also have elastin and/or collagen)
Fetal PrecursorCalled “mesenchyme”Forms all of the skeletal system (muscles, bones, tendons, ligaments, etc.)
PROPER CONNECTIVE TISSUE SUBGROUPS
Areolar (a loose fibrous type) - all 3 fibers present
Adipose (a loose fibrous type) - reticular left from mesenchyme
Dense (White) Fibrous - collagen/reticular packs the tissue for raw strength
CONNECTIVE TISSUE SUBGROUPS
Cartilage (with chondrocytes, matrix, and fluid-filled lacunae for the cells)
Hyaline (above items; fetal skeleton and ribs)
Elastic (add elastin; pinnae and epiglottis)
Fibrocartilage (add collagen; pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs, menisci)
CONNECTIVE TISSUE SUBGROUPS
OsseousLamellae (hardened rings of calcium)
Haversian Canals (blood vessels/nerves)
Canaliculi (little canals)
Osteocytes (bone cells)
Lacunae (little caves)
CONNECTIVE TISSUE SUBGROUPS
Vascular
Erythrocytes for oxygen movement
Leukocytes for immune system; defense of the body
Thrombocytes for blood clotting cascade
MUSCULAR TISSUES
Skeletal (muscles like biceps, triceps, quadriceps that move the skeleton; striated & voluntary; straight myofibrils; bullet-shaped nuclei)
Cardiac (myocardium of heart and moves blood in the body; striated & involuntary; branching myofibrils; round/oval nuclei)
Smooth (walls of internal organs like the uterus, esophagus, bladder, intestines, and bladder; nonstriated & involuntary)
NERVOUS TISSUE
Neurons (with long processes)
dendrites (receptor end)cell body (with nucleus)axons (transmission end)nonmitotic
Neuroglia (“nerve glue”)
has no processesinsulate, protect, feed, and repair damage to neuronsmitotic (can form tumors)