Tissues of the Body. Key Terms Histology: Histology: the study of tissues. the study of tissues....
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Transcript of Tissues of the Body. Key Terms Histology: Histology: the study of tissues. the study of tissues....
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Tissues of the Body
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Key Terms
Histology: the study of tissues.
Tissues: groups of cells which are similar in
structure and which perform common or related functions.
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Four Basic Kinds of Tissues
Epithelial TissueConnective TissueMuscle TissueNervous Tissue
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Epithelial Tissue
Epithelial Tissue Locations: Covers the body Lines the cavities, tubes, ducts and blood
vessels inside the body Covers the organs inside body cavities
Epithelial Tissue Functions: Protection from physical & chemical injury, Protection against microbial invasion, Contains receptors which respond to stimuli, Filters, secretes & reabsorbs materials and Secretes serous fluids to lubricate structures.
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Connective Tissue
Connective Tissue: Most abundant & widely distributed
tissue Connective Tissue Functions:
Connects, binds and supports structures,
Tendons, ligaments, etc. Protects & cushions organs and tissues, Insulates (fat) and Transports substances (blood).
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Muscle Tissue
Muscle Tissue: Associated with the bones of the skeleton, the
heart and in the walls of the hollow organs of the body.
Muscle Tissue Functions: Movement Locomotion Maintains posture Produces heat Facial expressions Pumps blood Peristalsis
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Nervous Tissue
Nervous Tissue: Main component of the nervous system,
ie., brain, spinal cord & nerves.
Nervous Tissue Functions: Regulates & controls body functions Generates & transmits nerve impulses Supports, insulates and protects
impulse generating neurons.
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Identify the following cell organelles
Cell Organelles cell membrane cytoplasm nucleus nuclear membrane nucleolus chromosomes chromatin
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Cell Organelles - OnionCell membrane
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Cell Organelles - Onion
Cytoplasm
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Cell Organelles - Onion
Nuclear Membrane
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Cell Organelles - Onion
Nucleolus
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Cell Organelles - Onion
Chromatin
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Identify the five stages of mitosis
Stages of Mitosis, or the Cell Cycle: interphase prophase metaphase anaphase telophase
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Interphase
Metabolic phase Cell growth DNA replication Centriole
replication Protein Synthesis Visible Nucleus &
nuclear membrane Visible nucleoli Chromatin
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Prophase
Nuclear membrane disappears
Nucleoli disappear Chromsomes
appear Centrioles move to
opposite sides of cell
Spindle fibers from centrioles connect with chromosomes
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Metaphase
Chromosomes line up on equator of the cell
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Anaphase
Chromatids from each chromosome separate & are pulled to opposite sides of the cell.
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Telophase
Chromatids reach extremes of cell
Nuclear membrane reappears around each chromatid cluster
Nucleoli reappear Cell plate appears
between nuclei Cytokinesis occurs
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Start Editing Here…
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Specific tissue types & representative cell types we will review:
epithelial Squamous Cuboidal Columnar
connective Adipose Bone Hyalaine cartilage
muscle nervous
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Squamous Epithelium
Simple – one cell thick
Forms solid layer of cells which line blood vessels, body cavities & cover organs in body cavities
Stratified – multiple layers
Forms epidermis
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Cuboidal Epithelium
Simple – one cell thick
Roughly cube shaped
Line ducts in kidneys, etc, where reabsorption and secretory activities take place.
Duct
Cuboid Cells
Duct
Cuboid Cells
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Columnar Epithelium
Simple – one cell thick
Column shaped (long & narrow)
Line digestive tract where reabsorption & secretion occurs.
Pseudostratified – gives the appearance of more than one layer of columnar epithelial cells
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Specific Connective Tissue Types:
AdiposeBoneHyalaine cartilage
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Connective - Adipose
Honeycomb or chickenwire appearance
Stores energy (fat) Insulates Supports & protects
organs
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Connective - Bone
Tree ring-like appearance
Supports & protects Mineral storage Fat storage Blood cell
production
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Connective – Hyaline Cartilage
Supports while providing flexibility
Absorbs compression between bones in joints (articular cartilage)
Holds open respiratory passages
Most abundant type of cartilage in body
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Specific Muscle Tissue Types: muscle (skeletal)
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Muscle - Skeletal Muscle fibers (cells)
long, parallel & cylindrical
With many nuclei (multinucleate)
Striations (cross stripes run perpendicular to the cells
Produce voluntary movement
Locomotion Heat
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Specific Nervous Tissue Types Nervous – Neuron
Branching cells with many long processes
Large central nucleus
Transmit impulses from one area of the body to other areas
Regulate activities through neuron impulses