Theory of Theory of Architecture 2Architecture 2

Assignment #1Assignment #1

Santiago Santiago CalatravaCalatrava

ByBy: : Husain MubarakHusain Mubarak

IDID: : 2000248820002488

Who is Calatrava ? Who is Calatrava ? 1/21/2

1951, 28 July1951, 28 July:: Santiago Santiago Calatrava Valls, born in Calatrava Valls, born in Benimamet near Valencia, SpainBenimamet near Valencia, Spain..

1968-19691968-1969:: Attends Art School in Attends Art School in Valencia Valencia

1969-19741969-1974:: Studies architecture Studies architecture at the at the ""Escuela Tecnica Superior Escuela Tecnica Superior de Arquitectura de Valenciade Arquitectura de Valencia" " qualifying as an architect Postqualifying as an architect Post--graduate Course in Urbanismgraduate Course in Urbanism..

1975-19791975-1979:: Studies Civil Studies Civil Engineering at the Swiss Federal Engineering at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH Institute of Technology ETH Zurich Zurich

Who is Calatrava ? Who is Calatrava ? 2/22/2

1979-19811979-1981:: Doctorate in Technical Science of the Department of Doctorate in Technical Science of the Department of Architecture ETH Zurich PhArchitecture ETH Zurich Ph. . DD. . Dissertation on the foldability of Dissertation on the foldability of Spaceframes Assistant at the Institute for Building Statics and Spaceframes Assistant at the Institute for Building Statics and Construction and for the Institute Aerodynamics and Lightweight Construction and for the Institute Aerodynamics and Lightweight Construction at the ETH, Zurich Construction at the ETH, Zurich . .

19811981:: Architectural and engineering practice established in Zurich Architectural and engineering practice established in Zurich.. Made many exibitions all over the worldMade many exibitions all over the world.. Member of many AcadimiesMember of many Acadimies.. Got many prizes and awards asGot many prizes and awards as::

- - European Glulam Award, European Glulam Award, ((Glued laminated Timber ConstructionGlued laminated Timber Construction)), Munich in 1991, Munich in 1991

- - Brunel Award, for Stadelhofen Railway Station, Zurich in 1992Brunel Award, for Stadelhofen Railway Station, Zurich in 1992

- - Honor Parize, for Urban Arquitectonic Merit, Pedreguer in 1993Honor Parize, for Urban Arquitectonic Merit, Pedreguer in 1993

Calatrava's Design Calatrava's Design Approach Approach 1/21/2

He He borrows Le Corbusier’s expressionborrows Le Corbusier’s expression.. He believes that He believes that geometry is fundamental to understand geometry is fundamental to understand

architecturearchitecture, and he approachs his work through , and he approachs his work through geometrygeometry..

MaterialsMaterials and the way they are processed, are and the way they are processed, are extremely extremely important for designimportant for design. . He says He says " " Concrete, although an Concrete, although an inexpensive material, when dealt with imaginatively can make beautiful inexpensive material, when dealt with imaginatively can make beautiful buildingsbuildings. . It is, however, a difficult material and requires a great deal of It is, however, a difficult material and requires a great deal of expertise“expertise“

Guided by the saying Guided by the saying ""nature is both, mother and nature is both, mother and teacherteacher““. . This saying has guided all my workThis saying has guided all my work. . He says He says " " there are many lessons one can draw from nature, real guiding rules and there are many lessons one can draw from nature, real guiding rules and metaphors from observing plants and animals”metaphors from observing plants and animals”..

Calatrava's Design Calatrava's Design Approach Approach 2/22/2

He has build a treeHe has build a tree--like like structures and frequently his structures and frequently his designs recall the form of designs recall the form of skeletonsskeletons. . Behind this is the Behind this is the principle of repetitionprinciple of repetition..

Nature also is the guiding Nature also is the guiding principle for his sculpturesprinciple for his sculptures. . The The configuration of most of these configuration of most of these works is, derived from the works is, derived from the human bodyhuman body..

He recognizes the dynamic He recognizes the dynamic aspect of the landcapeaspect of the landcape. . He says He says ::” ” A landscape should never be seen as A landscape should never be seen as staticstatic. . Something dynamic is always Something dynamic is always happeninghappening.. “ “

Some of CalatravaSome of Calatrava’’s works work 11..Turning Torso Turning Torso

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# in Sweden, 1999-

# started out as a sculpture, shaped by revelation from the human form into a turning movement.

# This sculpture has now evolved to this exciting house.

Some of CalatravaSome of Calatrava’’s works work Turning Torso Turning Torso 2/22/2

The height of the Turning Torso building will be approximately 190 metres. The building will contain 54 floors, divided into 9 cubical units. The floors will be of different sizes and the residence space will increase towards the top of the construction, as the size of the house core decreases, while the exterior remains the same size. The average floor will be 400 square metres.

Some of CalatravaSome of Calatrava’’s works work 22..Oriente Station Oriente Station

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LisbonPortugal

It came from a large forest of metal trees, like a row of cut-out muscle men, rise on a pedestal to cover the space of the station.

The station is made out of three self-contained parts and is divided into two levels. The raised level holds the platforms for the national train network; the lower level connects to the underground and emerges

Some of CalatravaSome of Calatrava’’s works work Oriente Station Oriente Station 2/22/2

The structural elements are painted white and the nerves of these so-called palms spread out to hold a folding glass roof where geometry and organic shapes find a synthesis in abstraction.

The main material is concrete, the bridge parapets are made of glass.

The Bus station is rather straightforward in the structural sense, but no less expressive.

Some of CalatravaSome of Calatrava’’s works work

33..LyonLyon--Satolas TGV Satolas TGV StationStation

Lyon, France.

The TGV Station at the Lyon-Satolas airport, France has the tension of a bird about to take-off.

The almost forty meter tall steel and concrete structure refers to the metaphor of a enormous bird with spread out wings

Some of CalatravaSome of Calatrava’’s works work 44..Montjuïc Telecommunications Montjuïc Telecommunications

TowerTower

BarcelonaSpainBuilt in the heart of the 1992 Olympic site, to carry coverage of the Games.The tower is innovative in enclosing the circular platform of microwave dishes.The overall form of the tower is based on a Calatrava sketch of a kneeling figure making an offering. The orientation of the tower means that the shadow of the central needle on the circular platform acts as a sundial.

 

Some of CalatravaSome of Calatrava’’s works work

55..City of Science City of Science

Museum of ScienceMuseum of Science

Valencia, Spain

The latticework of the south facade adopts the figure of a large bone structure, reminiscent of the gigantic remains of the last dinosaurs.

concrete structure, aluminium clad on south-facing side; glazed on north-facing side Length 241 m, width 104 m

 

Some of CalatravaSome of Calatrava’’s works work

66..City of Science City of Science

PlanetariumPlanetarium

Valencia, Spain

resembles an eye, has metal sides that can be lowered to suggest eyelids

The globe is cradled like the pupil of an eye in a concrete socket, which is sheltered by the laminated glass pod.