The Ukrainian Weekly 1994-08

8/14/2019 The Ukrainian Weekly 1994-08

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1NS1DE:^ Commemorating the Ukrainian National Associations 1 00th anniversary

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T H E U K R A I N I A N W E E K L YPublished by the Ukrainian National Association inc., a fraternal non-profit associationvol. LXII No. 8 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 20,1994 50 cents

voters face daunting task Ukrainian Americans meet with Clinton; Parliament election day discuss United States-Ukraine relations

by Roman WoronowyczKyyiv Press Bureau

KYYiv - Ukrainian voters may havequite a task before them when they enterthe voting booth on March 27, thanks toan unorthodox balloting procedureremaining from Soviet-era elections.Ukraine's Central Electoral Commissionhas released details of the voting procedurethat will require the voter to cross out thenames of every candidate the person doesnot want elected, leaving unmarked the single candidate of choice.Andre Bouchard, Canadian expert andcounsel to the electoral commission, saidthe ballots may be difficult to fill out."These are vestiges of the old Soviet system, where two or three candidates was alarge choice. The people are accustomedto that system. But now we are generallylooking at many more choices in eachdistrict."Mr. Bouchard explained that he hasapproached Ukrainian television aboutproducing a video explaining the properway to fill out a ballot.if a ballot is incorrectly filled out, it isinvalid. With 3,574 candidates registeredbefore the February 10 deadline, a largeportion relatively unknown to the average voter, confusion is foreseeable.For example, the Leningrad district ofKyyiv has 20 registered candidates. Thevoter from that district will be asked to

by Roman WoronowyczKyyiv Press Bureau

KYYiv - A media information centerdirected at supplying the press, the foreigndiplomatic corps and the citizens ofUkraine balanced news on the upcomingParliament elections opened here onFebruary 9. The effort called Elections 94gathers information from political parties,the government and itsown staff ofwriters, and dispatches daily press releases anda weekly bulletin to the mass media andforeign embassies in Ukraine.The parliamentary elections scheduled

for March 27 will be the first democraticmulti-party ones for this country sinceUkraine declared independence. Many stillquestion the amount of press freedom here.Serhiy Naboka, editor-in-chief of thepress center, said Ukraine's CentralElection Commission still is not trustedby much of the press. "The commissionat times gives inaccurate or incompleteinformation," he said. "We want to channel information from a variety of sourcesto give the people as much informationas possible on the candidates."

enter the voting booth, carefully read thedirections and then make his selection.The voter will have to review the list ofcandidates, or find the particular party orworkers' collective he supports, if that ishow he is voting. Each candidate's namewill be followed by the group sponsoringhim. if the person is an independent, thecandidate's name will be followed by thenumber of citizens who endorsed the candidate. Having found his choice, the votermust cross out all of the other names.The law states that a valid electionresults only when more than 50 percentof those voting choose one candidate.That figure, however, must exceed 25percent of the total number eligible tovote in a district."if the voter mistakenly leaves morethan one name, the ballot is invalidated,"said Roman Zvarych of the Elections 94

press center, "if this happens in largenumbers, it leaves the possibility theelection could be voided."And with voter apathy currently estimated at 45 to 50 percent, Mr. Zvarychsaid he foresees some people throwingtheir hands up in exasperation and walking out of the voting booth.Of the 3,574 candidates, 2,082 werenominated by signed petitions, 427 bypolitical parties and 1,065 by workers,collectives. Twenty-eight political partiesare involved in the election campaign.

Svitlyana Zvarych, administrativedirector of the effort, said the goal is toinform the voters about the candidates andtheir positions as best possible. "To getthe 450 best possible parliamentarians, weneed to get the best information to the voters," she said.in order to obtain a wide spectrum ofinformation, Ukrainian press bureaus andforeign press in Ukraine were asked todedicate reporters to the Elections 94staff and to join the group's board ofdirectors and financial staffs.M s. Zvarych said that at the initialgathering of the group, 33 diplomats, 28

foreign agencies, 78 Ukrainian journalists and 14 political parties expressedinterest or support for the undertaking.Staff writers currently number 22,directed by Mr. Naboka, also editor-in-chief of the Respublika news agency(UN1AR). He said the staff includes correspondents from Post-Postup, KharkivNews Agency, Symon, Odessa independentTelevision, voice of America and RadioLiberty, among others. They are divided

(Continued on page 24)

W ASHI NGTON ( UNAW ) - PresidentBill Clinton met with leaders of theUkrainian American community onFebruary 10 to discuss U.S.-Ukrainianrelations. Also at the White House meeting were vice-President Al Gore,National Security Advisor Anthony Lakeand Ambassador Strobe Talbott, whosenomination for deputy secretary of stateis pending in the Senate.Stating that "the relationships betweenthe United States and Ukraine are at theirstrongest point since 1991," the presidentoutlined the progress in economic, political and military relations between thetwo nations. He also mentioned that hehad a "very good meeting" withPresident Leonid Kravchuk and is "looking forward to President Kravchuk's trip"to Washington on March 4.

Noting that the United States has"already approved and provided S175million in assistance to facilitate the dismantling of the nuclear weapons,"President Clinton stated that he expects

"to almost double that amount whenPresident Kravchuk is here." He alsoannounced that "we had decided to double our bilateral economic assistance toUkraine this year to more than S300 mil-lion." fThe complete text of PresidentClinton's remarks appears on page 3.JJulian Kulas, chairman of the UkrainianAmericans for Clinton7Gore Committee in1992, pointed out that the UkrainianAmerican community can be a bridge toUkraine. He stressed the community'sgreat concern for the security of Ukraine,pointing out that "nations in EasternEurope look to Ukraine as a stabilizinginfluence." Noting that "time is short," heurged that U.S. assistance be delivered toUkraine as quickly as possible.Mr. Kulas presented the president,vice-president and the other administration officials with a four-page position

paper drafted by the community leader-ship. fThe full text appears below.J On(Continued on page 22)

Ukrainian American community'sposition on U,S, relations with UkraineBehw is the full text of the Ukrainian American community's position regard^ing United States relations with Ukraine. This position paper wa s presented toPresident Bill Clinton and other members of hi s administration on February 10.Ukrainian Americans are united m their supportfor he independence and territorial integrity of Ukraine. As Americans, we believe thata democratic and independent Ukraine is in the national security interests of the United States and consistent

with our traditions of support for individual freedom and self-determination.Background

Under Russian and other foreign ruleforcenturies, Ukraine suffered the destruction of its culture, language, religions and national identity, in the wake of the firstworld war, Ukraine proclaimed its independence on January 22, 1918, andannounced that it would be a neutral nation with no territorial claims against itsneighbors. The government of Ukraine dismantled its military in an effort todemonstrate its goodwill, immediately, Ukraine came under attack by Russiantsarist, Russian Bolshevik and German forces, its naive policies resulted in the division of Ukraine among Russia, Poland, Romania, Hungary and Czeeho-Slovakia.Under Soviet rule, the Ukrainian people again became victims to apolicy ofgenocide that entailed policies to destroy the Ukrainian identity, including thelanguage, history, religions and culture, This policy culminated in the man-madefamine of 1932-1933, which claimed the lives of over 7 million men, women andchildren As the main battleground of the Eastern Front of World War 11,Ukrainians suffered another 7.5 million casualties (both civilian and military) atthe hands of the Soviets and Nazis.in April 1986, the Chornobyl nuclear accident again threatened the very survivalof the Ukrainian people. The long-term effects of the nuclear contamination ofUkraine are just beginning to appear. With the Chornobyl experience, theUkrainian people realized, as never before, that their survival as a people wasdependent on their controlling their own destiny.On August 24, 1991, the Ukrainian Parliament passed the Act of theDeclaration of independence of Ukraine by an overwhelming majority. The utclaration acknowledged the "thousand-year tradition of state-building in Ukraine,"and referred to the act as the realization of the July 1990 Declaration on StateSovereignty, in the true meaning of democracy, the independence declaration

(Continued on page 3)

Media center aims to providereliable information for elections


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T H E U K R A I N I A N W E E K L Y S U N D A Y , F E B R U A R Y 20,1994 N o . 8

National Assembly members arrestedb y R o m a n W o r o n o w y c z

Kyyiv Press BureauK Y Y i v - At l e a s t 23 m e m b e r s of th eU k r a i n i a n N a t i o n a l A s s e m b l y ( U N A )were a r r e s ted on Februa ry 12 w h i l e at ap a r k in the B a l d M o u n t a i n d i s t r i c t ofK y y i v , an d c h a r g e d w i t h l e a d i n g an

u n l a w f u l m i l i t a r y g a t h e r i n g . L a t e r t h a td a y and the n e x t , p o l i c e s e a r c h e d th ep o l i t i c a l p a r t y ' s h e a d q u a r t e r s and theh o m e of one of its l e a d e r s in K y y i v .A m o n g t h o s e a r r e s t e d w e r e the assemb l y ' s t h r e e c a n d i d a t e s in the u p c o m i n gpa r l iamenta ry e l ec t ions .M i l i t i a s p o k e s p e r s o n M y k o l a S u n i t s asa id the g r o u p was i l l e g a l l y p r a c t i c i n gdril l formations in the park and that it w asn o t s i m p l y th e U k r a i n i a n N a t i o n a lAssembly tha t was involved , but also itsmil i tary a rm, the U kra in ian Na t iona l SelfDefense (UNSO) . "Only f ive of the individuals were registered as m e m b e r s of th eorgan iza t ion , " sa id Mr. Suni t sa . He saidonly they had the r ight to m a r c h . U N S O isa legal ly registered organization in Kyyiv.The a r r e s ted we re taken to the j a i l inthe Pecherska distr ict mil it ia headquarters,where 15 stil l remained as of February 17.Assembly leaders sa id the pol ice actionwas an effort to unde rmine the organ izationand throw it into disarray before e lections."We be l ieve it is political repression," sa ida ssembly spokesper son va s y l Bi lo rus .The o rgan iza t ion ' s headqua r te r s and atl e a s t on e l e a d e r ' s a p a r t m e n t w e r e a l s os e a r c h e d . D m y t r o K o r c h y n s k y , a s s i s t a n td i r e c t o r of the p a r t y , s a i d he r e t u r n e dfrom th e p a r k to h e a d q u a r t e r s a f t e r thea r r e s t s , whe re wi th in 10 m i n u t e s a fo rceof 33 mi l i t ia appea red . 'They r e fused tos h o w t h e i r i d e n t i f i c a t i o n . T h e y s i m p l ya s k e d us w h e r e th e w e a p o n s w e r e andproceeded to te a r the p l ace up ."M e m b e r s s h o w e d r e p o r t e r s one r o o mthey sa id they had no t c l eaned up a s p roofof the m i l i t i a ' s s t r o n g - ar m e d m e t h o d , in

tha t o f f ice va r ious documents , books andboxes l ay s t r ewn abou t be low a p ic tu re ofS t e p a n B a n d e r a , a l e a d e r of U k r a i n e ' su n d e r g r o u n d m o v e m e n t d u r i n g W o r l dW a r 11 and the immedia te pos t -wa r yea r s .A sa fe lay o p e n ; its conten ts sp i l l ed onthe floor , in a corne r of t h e r o o m , a copymachine s tood r ipped apa r t .M r . K o r c h y n s k y s a i d no w e a p o n sw e r e on the p r e m i s e s . "W e are nota r m e d . We h a v e a g r e e d to set a s i d ew e a p o n s d u r i n g the e l e c t i o n c a m p a i g n . "He sa id the mil i t ia took e l ec t ion docum e n t s , " p e r s o n a l m o n e y , c o m p u t e rd iske t te s and rubbe r s tamps ."Mil i t ia spokespe r son Mr. Suni t sa sa idt h e y c o n f i s c a t e d n o n - l e t h a l t r a i n i n gw e a p o n s and t a rge t mock-ups , as wel l asw h a t t h e y d e t e r m i n e d to be " m a t e r i a lapp l icab le to the cha rges f i l ed aga ins t thea r r e s ted . "v i k t o r M e l n y k , h e a d of the execu t ivec o u n c i l of the U k r a i n i a n N a t i o n a lA s s e m b l y , c a l l e d th e p o l i c e a c t i o n ap o g r o m . " T h i s is not a s i m p l e s e a r c h .

Jus t l ook at tha t room. They we re l ookin g for U N S O d o c u m e n t s , but wha t theygot we re ou r e l ec t ion documents . "M r . K o r c h y n s k y ' s a p a r t m e n t w a s a l s os e a r c h e d on S u n d a y , as w e r e two o t h e rU N A m e m b e r s ' h o m e s .T h e t h r e e a s s e m b l y c a n d i d a t e s to theP a r l i am e n t t h at w e r e a r r e st e d a re : B o b r o v y c h , v o l o d y m y r S o l o v ey an dO l e h K u b a .The Ukra in ian Na t iona l Assembly is ana t iona l i s tic o rgan iza t ion crea ted in 1990as the Ukra in ian in te r -Pa r ty Assembly , iti s headed by Yur iy Shukhevych , a politica l p r i sone r unde r the Sov ie t r eg ime andso n of U P A G e n e r a l R o m a n S h u k h e v y c h .i t s mi l i ta ry wing , UNSO, was e s tab l i shedi n e a r l y 1 9 9 2 and has s e n t t r o o p s toM o l d o v a to f i g h t a g a i n s t M o l d o v a nnational ist forces and to Abkhazia , whe rethey have fought on the Georg ian s ide .

McConnell meets community leadersWASHINGTON (UNAW) - Following

the i r mee t ing at the Whi te House , a deleg a t i o n of l e a d e r s of the U k r a i n i a nA m e r i c a n c o m m u n i t y met w i t h S e n a t o rMitch McConne l l (R-Ky . ) to discuss U.S.Ukrainian rela tions.S e n . M c C o n n e l l , r a n k i n g m i n o r i t ym e m b e r of the F o r e i g n O p e r a t i o n sS u b c o m m i t t e e of the S e n a t eA p p r o p r i a t i o n s C o m m i t t e e , was r e spons ib l e for the l e g i s l a t i o n m a n d a t i n g "notl e ss than S300 mi l l ion (of U . S . e c o n o m i ca s s i s t a n c e ) s h a l l be m a d e a v a i l a b l e forU k r a i n e . "U k r a i n i a n N a t i o n a l A s s o c i a t i o nW a s h i n g t o n O f f i ce D i r e c t o r E u g e n eiwanciw thanked the senator for his initiative in providing aid to Ukraine and for hiswork in support of Ukraine. The delegationou t l ined r ecen t pos i t ive deve lopments inU.S.-Ukrainian rela tions and sta ted that thesupport of the senator and his col leagues no

d o u b t had c o n t r i b u t e d to the c h a n g e inUnited States pol icy toward Ukraine.S e n . M c C o n n e l l s a i d he was p l e a s e dt o h e a r t h a t " a f t e r a y e a r of n e g l e c t "Pre s iden t Bi l l Cl in ton ha s p l edged to p ro-v i d e U k r a i n e w i t h at l e a s t S300 mi l l ionof a ss i s tance as s t ipu la ted in the l aw tha th e a u t h o r e d . He was gene ra l ly g ra t i f iedt h a t U . S . p o li c y t o w a r d U k r a i n e hast aken a m o r e p o s i t i v e t o n e . The s e n a t o rr e c a l l e d th e o p p o s i t i o n of the C l i n t o nadmin is t r a t ion to b o t h h i s a m e n d m e n t fora id to U k r a i n e and his a m e n d m e n t t h a tp roh ib i ted a id to any na t ion of the fo rmerSov ie t Union which v io l a ted the te r r i to r ial integrity of i t s ne ighbor s . (The amendment was a imed p r imar i ly at R u s s i a andi ts actions last fa l l against Georgia .)W hile pledging his suppo rt for the presi d e n t ' s c u r r e n t p o s i t i v e p o s i t i o n t o w a r d

( C o n t i n u e d on p a g e 4)

CorrectionDu e to a technical error; the first

paragraph of Khristina Lew's front-pagestory, "Renovated historic site housesUkraine's Consulate General" (TheWeekly, February 13), was not printed.The missing sect ion fol lows.

N E W Y O R K - W h e n M r s . W a l t o nMar t in conce ived in 1919 to purchase 20b a c k - t o - b a c k h o u s e s b e t w e e n 4 8 t h and49th streets on M a n h a t t a n ' s E a s t S i d e tor e d e v e l o p t h e m w i t h a c o m m o n g a r d e n ,the idea was c o n s i d e r e d b o h e m i a n . Th eo w n e r s of 240 E. 49th St. , a fami ly namedK e n n e d y , r e f u s e d to se l l , and, after the

i ta l ian gardens with their fountains, sta tuar y and 1 2 - f o o t - w i d e c o m m o n w a l k w a ywent up , ins is ted on hang ing the i r l aundryin the common backya rd . Unab le to conv ince Mrs . Kennedy to h a n g her l aundryo n the r o o f as the o t h e r 19 o w n e r s hadagreed to do , the ne ighbor s bu i l t an e igh t -foot wall surrounding the property.

T o d a y , 2 4 0 E. 49th St. is stil l conside red a unique p rope r ty not only is itt h e o n l y b r o w n s t o n e in T u r t l e BayG a r d e n s H i s t o r i c D i s t r i c t to h a v e aw a l l e d - o f f b a c k y a r d w i t h th e o r i g i n a ll a u n d r y h o o k s s t i l l in p l a c e , but it ish o m e to U k r a i n e ' s f ir s t C o n s u l a t eG e n e r a l in N e w Y o r k .

Meshkov andKravchuk meet in KyyivK Y Y i v - N e w l y e l e c t e d C r i m e a nP r e s i d e n t Y u r i y M e s h k o v met w i t hU k r a i n i a n P r e s i d e n t L e o n i d K r a v c h u kh e r e on Februa ry 4 to discuss future re lat i o n s b e t w e e n U k r a i n e and theau tonomous r epub l ic . Dur ing the visit , ad o c u m e n t s t i p u l a t i n g t h a t the C r i m e a npre s idency wi l l be based on the C r i m e a nand Ukra in ian cons t i tu t ions was s igned .A g r o u p of U k r a i n i a n and C r i m e a ng o v e r n m e n t r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s was crea tedto s tudy concre te economic deve lopmentin the C r i m e a and a m e c h a n i s m for relat ions be tween the Ukra in ian and Cr imeanp r e s i d e n t s . Mr . M e s h k o v e m p h a s i z e dtha t the Cr imea wi l l pu r sue economic t ie swi th its t r ad i t iona l pa r tne r s in Russ ia ando the r count r ie s of t h e C o m m o n w e a l t h ofi n d e p e n d e n t S t a t e s.M r . M e s h k o v , who was i n a u g u r a t e dp r e s i d e n t of the C r i m e a p r i o r to hisFebrua ry 4 v is i t to Kyyiv , sa id du r ing h is

i n a u g u r a t i o n t h a t he w o u l d t r a v e l toK y y i v to d i s c u s s s t r e n g t h e n i n g theC r i m e a ' s e c o n o m i c i n d e p e n d e n c e w i t hthe Ukra in ian p re s iden t . Mr. M e s h k o v isschedu led to mee t wi th Russ ian Pre s iden tB o r i s Y e l t s i n and l e a d e r s of C1S count r ie s in the fu tu re . (Svoboda )Crimean president appoints Russian P .M.

M O S C O W - C r i m e a n P r e s i d e n tY u r i y M e s h k o v a p p o i n t e d a R u s s i a n asp r i m e m i n i s t e r of the C r i m e a onFebrua ry 13 and sa id he wil l p re ss aheadw i t h p l a n s to h o l d a r e f e r e n d u m onC r i m e a n i n d e p e n d e n c e f r om U k r a i n e .T h e new p r i m e m i n i s t e r , Y e v g e n yS a b u r o v , is an e c o n o m i s t w h o s e r v e d ase c o n o m i c s m i n i s te r in the Russ ian r epubl ic ' s Cab ine t shor t ly be fore the col l apseo f t h e S o v i e t U n i o n in 1 9 9 1 .Pre s iden t M eshkov to ld the C1S tel evis ion s ta t ion , a l so on Februa ry 13 , tha t there fe rendum put to Cr imean vo te r s wou ldask the ques t ion , "Are you in favor of anindependen t Repub l ic of C r i m e a in unionwi th o the r s ta te s?"M r . M e s h k o v , wh o c a m p a i g n e d forCr imean p re s iden t on a p ledge to j o in theau tonomous r epub l ic to Russ ia , sa id , "it isour na tu ra l , unde r s tandab le and economical ly justified desire to be uni ted wi th thee c o n o m i c z o n e of Russ ia , the O S count r ie s and Ukra ine too , bu t on a fundamenta l ly new bas is . " (The New York T imes)

Russia objects to "unfriendly" remarksM O S C O W - R u s s i a ' s F o r e i g nMinis t ry announced on February 14 that ith a d s u m m o n e d U k r a i n e ' s a m b a s s a d o r toobject to the "unfr iendly" remarks made byUkra ine ' s Fore ign Min is t ry on February 1regarding Russia 's 14th Army in Moldova .

T h e " u n f r i e n d l y " r e m a r k s m a d e by theUkrainian Foreign Ministry referred to thedecis ion made at the CSCE foreign ministe r s ' mee t ing in December 1993 that cal ledu n a m b i g u o u s l y for the e a r l y , c o m p l e t e ,o rde r ly and u n c o n d i t i o n a l w i t h d r a w a l ofRuss ian t roops f rom Moldova in the con-t e x t of o b j e c t i n g to R u s s i a n F o r e i g nMinis te r Andre i Kozyrev ' s r ecen t speechon Russia 's cla imed r ight to sta tion troopsin the "near abroad." The Russian ForeignMinis t ry sa id Kyy iv had "mis in te rp re tedparts of the decision on M o l d o v a m a d e byt h e C S C E fo r e i g n m i n i s t e r s ' m e e t i n grega rd ing Russ ia ' s 14 th Army." (RFE7RLDaily Report) .UOC-KP ranks swel l

K Y Y i v D u r i n g a r ecen t synod oft h e U k r a in i a n O r t h o d o x C h u r c h - K y y i vP a t r i a r c h a t e , Th e O r t h o d o x C h u r c h ofEurope and Canada was accep ted in to thefold of the U O C - K P as an a u t o n o m o u sC h u r c h . T h e O r t h o d o x C h u r c h of E u r o p ea n d C a n a d a , h e a d e d by M e t r o p o l i t a nY e v l o g y M y l a n s k y , has f o u r a r c h e p a rch ie s , thousands of fa ithful and churches in Por tuga l , i t a ly , Spa in and F r a n c e .(Respub l ika )Ukraine 9s citizens to get new passports

K Y Y i v Ukra ine ' s c i t izens wi l l nol onge r need to ca r ry sepa ra te pa sspor ts fori n t e r n a l use and for t r a v e l a b r o a d .A c c o r d i n g to Evhen Svyna rchuk , depu tyc o n s u l at U k r a i n e ' s M i n i s t r y of F o r e i g nAffa i r s , in the first six m o n t h s of 1994 ,Ukra in ian c i t izens wi l l be i s sued one pa ss -por t . The new, s ingu la r pa sspor t w i l l bephased in gradua l ly , w i th the olde r pa ss -ports val id until they expire . (Respublika)Privatization o f homes moving slowly

K Y Y i v - As of th e b e g i n n i n g of1 9 9 4 , 9 0 2 , 0 0 0 a p a r t m e n t s and h o u s e shave been p r iva t ized in U k r a i n e , 13 percen t of housing available for pr ivatization.A c c o r d i n g to Ana to l iy Dron ia , head of th es ta te commit tee on hous ing , p r iva t iza t ionh a s b e e n m o s t s u c c e s s f u l in theK i r o v o h r a d , K h e r s o n and K h m e l n y t s k yob la s ts and in the Cr imea , whe re a lmos t25 pe rcen t of hous ing ha s been p r iva t ized .Mr . Dron ia sa id taxes on p r iva t ized homesand o the r ma t te r s imped e the p r iva t iza t ionprocess in Ukra ine . (Respub l ika )Liberals move away from Zhirinovsky

K Y Y i v - The L i b e r a l D e m o c r a t i cParty of Ukraine h as appealed to a l l Liberaland Liberal Democratic par ties in the worldto d is tance themse lves f rom the Libe ra lD e m o c r a t i c P a r t y of R u s s i a , h e a d e d byu l t r a - n a t i o n a l i s t - c h a u v i n i s t v i a d i m i r( C o n t i n u e d on p a g e 2 3 )

T H E U K R A I N I A N W E E K L Y FOUNDED 1933An English-language newspaper published by the Ukrainian National Association inc.,a non-profit association, at 30 Montgomery S t . , Jersey City, N . J . 07302.

Second-class postage paid at Jersey City, N.J. 07302.(lSSN - 0273-9348)Yearly subscription rate: S 2 0 ; for UNA members - S10.Also published b y th e U N A : Svoboda, a Ukrainian-language d aily newspaper.T he Weekly a nd Svoboda:(201)434-0237,-0807,-3036 UNA:(201)451-2200Postmaster, send addresschanges to:The U krainian WeeklyP . O . Box 346Jersey City, N.J. 07303

Editor-in-chief: Rom a HadzewyczAssociate editor: Marta KolomayetsAssistant editor: Khristina LewStaff writersXeditors: Roman W oronowycz (Kyyiv)Andrij Kudla WynnyckyjThe Ukrainian Weekly, February 20,1994, No. 8, vol. LXH

Copyright (g)1994 Th e Ukrainian Weekly


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No . 8 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 20,1994 Community's position...

(Continued from page 1)was made subject to confirmation by the people ofUkraine in a referendum on December 1. Over 90percent of the people supported that declaration ofindependence.The government of Ukraine declared its intention tobe a neutral and non-nuclear nation. Within months ofindependence, Ukraine removed 2,000 tactical nuclearweapons from its soil Even prior to ratification of anyarms control treaties, Ukraine began the dismantle^ment of strategic nuclear weapons. However, duringthe past two years, Ukraine has again become the tar-get of efforts by the Russian government to undermineits independence and territorial integrity. These effortsinclude acts of the Russian Parliament and statementsby Russian government officials including the president and foreign minister,At the initiation of the United States, on January 14,1994, Ukraine signed a tripartite agreement to removeall nuclear weapons from the territory of Ukraine, itsParliament ratified that agreement on February 3,1994.The Ukrainian American community believes thatthe United States has an obligation to assist Ukrainein defense of its national security and territorialintegrity, and in its efforts to institutionalise democratic and economic reforms. Furthermore, theUkrainian American community believes that thenational security interests of the United States lie inthe fulfillment of that obligation.The Ukrainian American community urges thegovernment of the United States to immediately initiate the following actions;1, Forceful and public reaffirmation of UnitedStates recognition of and support for the independence and territorial integrity of Ukraine.A. The United States must strongly reaffirm itsrecognition of Ukraine as a unitary state anddoes not recognize the right of any region ofUkraine to secede.B. in light of past Russian claims to the territoryof the Crimea and the recent elections in theCrimea, it is imperative that the United Statesinform Russia that any claims on the territoryof Ukraine (including the Crimea), instiga ,

tion or support of secessionist movementswithin Ukraine, or interference in the internalaffairs of Ukraine will be strongly condemned,and that the United States will take appropriateactions,C The signing of the Charter of American-Ukrainian Partnership, Friendship andCooperation by the United States andUkraine should be undertaken duringPresident Kravchuk's visit to the UnitedStates.D. U-S,-Ukrainian cooperative programs in thefield of national security should be expanded.E. Ukraine recently signed the Partnership forPeace agreement We urge the governmentto lend real meaning and substance to thispartnership agreement

1L Expansion of United States foreign assistancefor Ukraine.A. While the population of Ukraine is 18.2 percent of the N1S, of the U.S. assistance forN1S nations Ukraine received only 5.9 percent during fiscal years 1992 and 1993, andonly 2.7 percent in fiscal year 1994,Ukraine's needs for technical and economicassistance are as severe as that of any otherN1S nation. U.S. assistance to Ukraineshould be expanded to, at least, 18 percentof total U.S. assistance for N1S nations.Specific areas of assistance include:1. development of alternative sources of oiland gas to reduce Ukraine's dependenceon Russia, including exploration of possibleoil and gas fields in Ukraine;2. establishment of a Ukrainian PrivatizationFund and expansion of privatization pro-grams;3L creation and funding of a separate U.S.Ukraine Enterprise Fund;4. modernization of agriculture and agribusiness;5. technical assistance for management,law, accounting and finance;6. nuclear reactor safety;7. environmental clean-up and planning;8. military conversion;9. infrastructure modernization, including

telecommunications and transportation;10. medical and health care;11. military housing;12. democratic institution building, includingthe development of an independent media;13. development of financial institutions,particularly credit unions;14. increased exchange programs.B. The Ukrainian American community is awell-organized community with financialinstitutions (over Si billion in assets), professional, cultural, women's, humanitarian andyouth organizations as well as a communications network. These institutions understandthe political, economic and cultural situationin Ukraine, have professionals with languageabilities, and have a long-term commitmentto Ukraine. Greater use of these institutionsin the delivery of U.S. assistance to Ukrainewould result in more effective and efficientuse of limited resources. Efforts should beundertaken by USA1D, US1A and otheragencies to initiate outreach programs toUkrainian-American community organizations and procedures should be streamlined tofacilitate their participation,C Many of USA1D programs are NlS-wideassistance programs. The problems facingUkraine differ dramatically from those facingRussia, Armenia, Uzbekistan and others.Generic programs are ineffective and inefficient, and leave the impression that theUnited States still considers the nations of theN1S as one entity. U.S. assistance programsshould be country-specific, especially withregard to Ukraine.D. in light of Ukraine's commitment to dismantlethe nuclear weapons on its territory, Ukraineshould be provided additional assistance fromthe so-called Nunn-Lugar funds.Hi . increased assistance from inancial nstitutions^A. The United States should use its position ininternational financial institutions such asthe World Bank and the internationalMonetary Fund to urge greater technicalassistance for Ukraine,

B, The United States should urge greater flexibility in the providing of loans and loanguarantees by inancial nstitutions includingdie World Bank, the international MonetaryFund, She Export-import Bank of the UnitedStates and the Overseas Private investmentC The United States should work with internationat financial institutions for the creationof a Currency Stabilization Fund forUkraine in the nearest possible thneframe.

iv. Programs to encourage U.S. investment inUkraine.A. The long-term development of Ukraine willbe based not on U,S. foreign assistance buton foreign investment. The United Statesshould develop programs to encourage theprivate sector in the United States to investin Ukraine. Such programs are in the long-term political and economic interests of boththe United States and Ukraine,v. increased cooperative programs with Ukraine,A. Much of the technical base of the formerSoviet Union was located in Ukraine.However, many of the cooperative programsestablished by the United States have beensolely with Russia. One such example isspace and space technok^ Efforts shouldbe undertaken to explore areas of cooperationin those ieldswhere Ukraine has the technological or resourcebase.v i . Reorganization of the United States governmenFs structure for relations with Ukraine.AX:urrently, the Department of State and othergovernment departments and agencies work

with Ukraine through offices designated as"Russia, Ukraine and other Eurasian Nations"or ''Russia, Ukraine and other Newlyindependent States." To continue to workwith 12 of the nations that emerged from theSoviet Union as though they were still part ofa larger entity, i.e. the Soviet Union, is ineffective and politically damaging. Relationswith each of the 12 nations should be throughoffices that are based on geography. Ukraineshould be within the Cen tr al is t Europeanoffices of the various departments and agencies.

For the record:Clinton's remarksFollowing is a transcript of remarks by President BillClinton in a meeting with Ukrainian Americans onFebruary 10 in the Roosevelt Room of the White House.First of all, 1 know that -1 think Julian, you and Orestmet with the vice-president in Milwaukee when 1 wasunable to come, and Fm sorry 1 missed the meeting, butFm glad to have all of you here now. think the relationships between the United Statesand Ukraine are at their strongest point since 1991. think all of you know that 1 had a very good meetingwith President Kravchuk and other leaders of Ukrainewhen 1 was in Europe. We had a fine meeting and agood dinner at Boryspil Airport, didn't we Tony? AndFm looking forward to President Kravchuk's trip hereon March the 4th.We're moving as quickly as we can to establish goodrelationships. The first and most important step was takenwith the trilateral nuclear agreement, which was approvedby the Rada just a few days ago. And Fm very pleasedabout that, it was very interesting because Mr. Kravchukwas confident it would be approved, and yet all the pressreports were that it probably wouldn't be, and he turnedout to be right; so Fm very encouraged by that.We have already approved and provided S175 millionin assistance to facilitate the dismantling of the nuclearweapons, and we expect to almost double that amountwhen President Kravchuk is here. We're also going towork very closely to make sure that Ukraine receivesfair compensation for the value of the nuclear materials,the highly enriched uranium, that are in the warheads.And we have a good strategy for that, and Fm confidentthat will occur.Once Ukraine accedes to the Non-Proliferation Treaty,which is the next big parliamentary fight, we will extendfurther security assurances to Ukraine, including ourcommitment to the sovereignty of the nation and its independence within its existing borders. And we have beenvery clear about that and we hope that will encourage theRada and others in Ukraine to accede to the NPT.We've also had some progress on our economic

relations. Of course the biggest problem, obviously, isthe high rate of inflation and the problems with industrial productivity. But President Kravchuk has, 1 think,launched the beginnings at least of an economicreform program. And we had decided to double ourbilateral economic assistance to Ukraine this year tomore than S300 million, and we hope that will be helpful to them.We also have encouraged the World Bank and the1MF to take a different look at Ukraine, and there will bedelegations in Kyyiv 1 think this week - sometime in thenext few days. There will be delegations from the 1MFand the World Bank there. And finally, we have agreedto an ambitious effort to increase American privateinvestment with Ukraine. So 1 think we are moving forward on the economic issue. hope that all of you will play a big role in the development of our relations. hope you will stay in close

touch with the White House. hope you will give usyour best ideas about what can be done. But 1 have tosay that 1 was immensely pleased that 1 was able to stopin Ukraine when 1 was in Europe, and 1 was pleased withthe continuing development of the relationship. knowthat the nation has many problems, but it's a difficulttime for all the former Communist economies. And, onbalance, 1 would say we are doing rather well in our relationships with them, and 1 feel that they're strong,they're growing stronger. And 1 think the Kravchuk visithere will be a very positive thing.One of the things that Fm quite sensitive to that would maybe solicit your advice about is to make surethat when he comes here and when we meet that it'sactually a positive for him at home; because when allthese countries are going through difficult changes - notjust Ukraine, but others - their relationships with theUnited States are almost a mixed blessing, 1 think, withthe people back home, because no one wants to believethat we're - everybody wants us to help and be supportive but not to dictate unduly to them what the terms oftheir own development and future should be. So it 's alittle bit of a delicate thing, but we're trying to be sensitive to that. And 1 think the presence in the UnitedStates of a strong Ukrainian American community canhelp to deal with that problem, can help to create asense of identity with us among grass-roots people andvarious political forces in Ukraine that perhaps willhead off some of the tensions that we have experiencedin other places.


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4 TH E UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 20,1994 No. 8NEWS AND YEWS ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^Shades of gray: perspectives on US-Ukrainian relations

b y O r e s t D e y c h a k i w s k yCONCLUSION

Th e U . S . C o n g r e s sW h i l e t h e e x e c u t i v e b r a n c h t a k e s t h el ead in the fo rmula t ion of U .S. fo re ignpol icy , i t i s e spec ia l ly necessa ry to takeinto account the cr itical role that the legis l a t ive b ranch ( the Sena te and House ofR e p r e s e n t a t i v e s ) p l a y s i n c r e a t i n g a n dshap ing fo re ign po l icy , inc lud ing towardsU k r a i n e .in the "o ld days" fo r ins tance , i t wasC o n g r e s s a n d t h e H e l s i n k i C o m m i s s i o ntha t ensu red Ukra ine was no t fo rgo t ten .This i s no t w ide ly known in Ukra ine , bu tth ro ugho u t the 1970s and 198 0s , e spec i a l l y f o l l o w i n g t h e s i g n i n g o f t h eHe l s ink i F ina l Act , the re we re numerousefforts in the U.S. Congress to cal l a ttent ion to the p l igh t o f Ukra in e .in add i t ion to Cap t ive Na t ions p rocl ama t ions , the se inc luded: va r ious hea r ingsfea tu r ing Ukra in ian d iss iden ts o r on topi c s s u c h a s t h e 1 9 3 2 - 1 9 3 3 f a m i n e ,C h o r n o b y l , h u m a n r i g h t s i n U k r a i n e ;numerous r e so lu t ions , s ta tements and l e tte r s by congre ssme n on beha l f o f ind ividua l Ukra in ian po l i t ica l p r i sone r s , e specia l ly the He l s ink i moni to r s , conce rn ingthe p l igh t o f the Ukra in ian Churches andv a r i o u s o t h e r h u m a n r i g h t s i s s u e s ; t h ee s t a b l i s h m e n t o f t h e U k r a i n e F a m i n eC o m m i s s i o n ; s t a t e m e n t s c o m m e m o r a t i n gt h e 1 9 1 7 - 1 9 2 1 U k r a i n i a n i n d e p e n d e n c eo r c r i t i c i z i n g R u s s i f i c a t i o n o r o t h e rac t ions o f the Sov ie t gove rnment . A l l o fthe se k inds o f ac t iv i t ie s we re no t a t a l lu n c o m m o n .And in 1991 , i t was Con gre ss , th rougha r e s o l u t i o n i n t r o d u c e d b y H e l s i n k iC o m m i s s i o n C h a i r m a n S e n . D e n n i sD e C o n c i n i a n d R e p . D o n R i t t e r , t h a tca l l ed upon the admin is t r a t ion to r ecognize Ukra ine ' s independence . Th is l eg isl a t i o n p a s s e d C o n g r e s s p r i o r t o t h eD e c e m b e r 1 r e f e r e n d u m - d e s p i t e t h eS t a t e D e p a r t m e n t ' s c o n s i d e r a b l e l a c k o fen thus ia sm for i t .

Congress and ass i s tance to UkraineS i n c e U k r a i n e ' s i n d e p e n d e n c e ,Congre ss ha s a l so p l ayed a ro l e in p re ssi n g t h e a d m i n i s t r a t i o n t o t a k e a m o r eac t ive approach wi th r e spec t to Ukra inea s we l l a s to wa rn abou t the dange r s o fRuss ian a t tempts to r e sume i t s s ta tus a san impe r ia l power .A l l o w m e to f o c u s o n o n e r e c e n tdeve lopment to i l l u s t r a te th i s po in t whi l ea t the same t ime po in t ing ou t some of thecompl ica t ions and nuances tha t ex is t inU . S . po l icy r ega rd ing a ss i s tance towardsU k r a i n e .A g r o w i n g r e c o g n i t io n o f U k r a i n e ' si m p o r t a n c e by t h e U n i t e d S t a t e sCongre ss , to c i te one impor tan t example ,i s f o u n d i n a r e c e n t b i l l a p p r o p r i a t i n gmoney fo r fo re ign a id . On the l a s t day ofS e p t e m b e r 1 9 9 3 , C o n g r e s s p a s s e d a n dPresident Bil l C l i n t o n s i g n e d i n t o l a wth e F o r e i g n O p e r a t i o n s A p p r o p r i a ti o n sA ct to the Uni ted Sta te s f i sca l yea r 1994 .included in tha t appropr ia t ion i s a S2 .5

b i l l ion a id package fo r the N1S (newly

Orest Deychakiwsky is a staff memberof the U.S. Comm ission on Security a ndCooperation in Europe (HelsinkiComm ission), an independent U.S. governmental agency. The views expressedin the article are his own and do not necessarily represent the views of theHelsinki Com mission. This article isscheduled to appear in the Februaryissue of the Ukrainian foreign policyjournal "Polityka Chas. "

independen t s ta te s ) . Wi th in the l eg is l at i o n , U k r a i n e w a s s p e c i f i c a l l y a n dunique ly iden t i f ied by the Congre ss fo rspec ia l ment ion .The appropr ia t ions b i l l s ta te s tha t "oft h e f u n d s a p p r o p r i a t e d b y t h i s o r a n yo t h e r a c t , n o t l e s s t h a n S 3 0 0 m i l l i o ns h o u l d b e m a d e a v a i l a b l e t o U k r a i n e . "This l anguage i s s ign i f ican t even i f thea m o u n t i s n o t a d e q u a t e , i t i s i m p o r t a n twi th in the con tex t o f the evo lv ing U .S.U k r a i n i a n r e l a t i o n s h i p a n d e v i d e n c e s ag r o w i n g r e c o g n i t i o n b y C o n g r e s s o fU k r a i n e a n d g r o w i n g c o m m i t m e n t t o a nindependen t , democra t ic Ukra ine .Bu t even th is favorab le Congre ss iona ldec is ion shou ld be v iewed in l igh t o f thefo l lowing : F i r s t , the re have been r a the rl a r g e r e d u c t i o n s i n o v e r - a l l l e v e l s o ffund ing fo r fo re ign a id by the Congre sst h i s y e a r , g i v e n A m e r i c a ' s i n c r e a s e df o c u s o n i t s o w n , d o m e s t i c c o n c e r n s .

Second , ove r r ecen t yea r s the re ha s beena g r o w i n g r e s i s t a n c e i n t h e C o n g r e s saga ins t e a rmark ing spec i f ic monie s (de signa t ing spec i f ic amounts ) fo r ind iv idua l

c o u n t r i e s . T h i r d , a n d p e r h a p s m o s tn o t a b l y , U k r a i n e ' s l a c k o f p r o g r e s s i nr e forms was used by the admin is t r a t ionand by some wi th in Congre ss a s an a rgum e n t a g a i n s t s i n g l i n g o u t U k r a i n e f o rspec ia l cons ide ra t ion .Y e t , d e s p i t e t h e s e f a c t o r s a r g u i n gaga ins t spec ia l r ecogni t ion fo r Ukra ine ,t h e e f f o r t s o f s y m p a t h e t i c m e m b e r s o fCongre ss and lobby ing by the Ukra in ianAmer ican communi ty succeeded in having th is l anguage inc luded in the appropr ia t ions b i l l .Clea r ly , ma jor cha l l enges r ema in wi thre spec t to th i s a ss i s tance . One cha l l engewi l l be to ensu re tha t the admin is t r a t ionupholds the in ten t o f Congre ss in ac tua l ly

p rov id ing the funds fo r Ukra ine . Th is i sn o t a f o r e g o n e c o n c l u s i o n , a s t h e r e a r econce rns tha t the admin is t r a t ion may bereluctant to spend al l of this money, arguing tha t in the absence of a sound economic pol icy in Ukraine it may be difficu l t to de l ive r and absorb a ss i s tance .Whi l e the re a r e some ind ica t ions tha tU k r a i n e m a y a g a i n be u n d e r t a k i n gre form e f for t s , w i thou t genu ine r e form,C o n g r e s s c o u l d r e f u s e t o a p p r o p r i a t eadd i t iona l a id to Ukra ine in the fu tu re ,f e a r i n g t h a t A m e r i c a n t a x p a y e r d o l l a r sa re no t go ing fo r a u sefu l pu rpose .T h u s , w h e r e a s C o n g r e s s m a y b e m o r efavorab ly d isposed than the admin is t r at ion , the re a r e a va r ie ty o f dynamics tha t

a f fec t i t s a c t ions wi th r e spec t to Uk ra ine .Th e n o n - g o v e r n m e n t a l s e c t o rOne a l so mus t no t ignore the ro l e o ft h e U k r a i n i a n A m e r i c a n c o m m u n i t y a n do t h e r A m e r i c a n s c o n c e r n e d a b o u tUkra ine ' s fa te in in f luencing po l icy . TheU k r a i n i a n A m e r i c a n c o m m u n i t y , w h i l efar from being the most influentia l lobbyin Wash ing ton , ha s ove r the yea r s cont r i b u t e d s i g n i f i c a n t l y t o w a r d p r o m o t i n gUkra in ian in te r e s t s .Many of the ac t ions p r io r to independence no ted ea r l ie r came abou t because

c o m m i t t e d U k r a i n i a n A m e r i c a n s b r o u g h tto Congre ss ' s o r the execu t ive ' s a t ten t ioni s s u e s c o n c e r n i n g U k r a i n e ( w h e t h e rt h r o u g h d i r e c t c o n t a c t s w i t h i n d i v i d u a lc o n g r e s s m e n o r c o n g r e s s i o n a l staff, o rs ta tements , l e t te r s o r te l ephone ca l l s toc o n g r e s s i o n a l o f f i c e s , o r t h e W h i t eH o u s e o r S t a t e D e p a r t m e n t ) .

And one mos t ce r ta in ly cannot unde re s t i m a t e t h e r o l e of p r o m i n e n t a n dr e s p e c t e d p r i v a t e i n d i v i d u a l s o f n o n -Ukra in ian ex t r ac t ion - inc lud ing fo rmerh i g h g o v e r n m e n t a l o f f i c i a ls s u c h a sZb ign iew Brzez insk i o r Dick Cheney - ina r t icu l a t ing suppor t fo r Ukra in ian s ta te -hood and po in t ing ou t the dange r s o f anyre s to ra t ion of the Russ ian empire .An especial ly significant role is playedb y n o n - g o v e r n m e n t a l o r g a n i z a t i o n s( N G O s ) , a g r o w i n g n u m b e r o f w h i c h a r ep r e s e n t i n U k r a i n e . M o r e a n d m o r eA m e r i c a n N G O s a s s i s t i n g U k r a i n e i n aw i d e r a n g e o f e n d e a v o r s - d e m o c r a t i ci n s t i t u t i o n b u i ld i n g , p r i v a t i z a t i o n ,humani ta r ian relief, heal th care , the envir o n m e n t , m e d i a , c u l t u r e a n d e d u c a t i o n .

Ukra in ian Amer icans a r e p l ay ing important roles in many of the pr ivate , volunta ry o rgan iza t ions ac t ive in Ukra ine . St i l lo the r NGOs a re p r imar i ly , o r exclus ive ly ,U k r a i n i a n A m e r i c a n .With the i r a c t ive p re sence in Ukra ine ,N G O s a r e w o r k i n g w i t h b o t h t h eUkra in ian gove rnment and , a s impor tan tl y , w i t h U k r a i n e ' s o w n e m e r g i n g i n d e penden t , non-gove rnmenta l ins t i tu t ions .Many of the non-gove rnmenta l in i t iat i v e s i n U k r a i n e c o m p l e m e n t e x p a n d i n gU.S. gove rnmenta l e f fo r t s a s we l l . The rei s a w i d e a s s o r t m e n t o f o n g o i n g U . S . funded techn ica l and humani ta r ian a ss i stance p ro j ec ts by gove rnmenta l depa r tm e n t s a n d a g e n c i e s i n c l u d i n g U . S .A g e n c y f o r i n t e r n a t i o n a l D e v e l o p m e n t ,the Sta te , De fense , Commerce , Trea su ry ,A g r i c u l t u r e an d E n e r g y d e p a r t m e n t s ,Uni ted Sta te s in forma t ion Agency , PeaceC o r p s , O v e r s e a s P r i v a t e i n v e s t m e n tC o r po r at io n ( ) , t h e En v i ro n m e n ta lP r o t e c t i o n A g e n c y ( E P A ) a n d t h eN u c l e a r R e g u l a t o r y C o m m i s s i o n ( N R C ) ,

McConnell meets...(Cont inued from page 2)

Ukra ine , the Kentucky sena tor expre ssedc o n c e r n t h a t i n h i s r e c e n t c o n f i r m a t i o nh e a r i n g s , A m b a s s a d o r T a l b o t t c o n t i n u e dto endor se a "Russ ia f i r s t " po l icy . He a l sos t a t e d t h a t t h e p r e s i d e n t w i l l h a v e a noppor tun i ty to demons t r a te h is suppor t fo rU k r a i n e b y e n d o r s i n g t h e s e n a t o r ' samendment fo r a ss i s tance to Ukra ine inthe fo re ign a ss i s tance appropr ia t ions ac tl a te r th i s yea r . The sena tor s t r e ssed theneed to con t inue ho ld ing the admin is t r at ion ' s " fee t to the f i r e " on i t s commitm e n t s t o U k r a i n e a n d c o m m e n d e d t h ecommunity for i ts work in this regard.T h e d e l e g a t i o n ' s c o n c e r n a b o u tRuss ian po l icy toward i t s ne ighbor s wass h a r e d b y t h e s e n a t o r , w h o e x p r e s s e dapprehens ion abou t deve lopments in the

a m o n g o t h e r s .T o e n u m e r a t e a l l o f t h e c u r r e n t a n dp lanned fo rms of bo th U .S. gove rnmenta land non-gove rnmenta l a ss i s tance - no t tospeak of the entire subject of U.S. businessinvestm ent or interest in Ukrain e - wouldgo well beyond the scope of this ar ticle .

Conclus ionThe key ingredient that wil l shape U.S.U k r a i n i a n r e l a t i o n s i s w h a t h a p p e n s i nUkra ine itself. As mentioned earl ier , event h o s e w h o s y m p a t h i z e w i t h U k r a i n e a n dw i s h i t w e l l ( o r c o n c r e t e l y h e l p i t i nCongress e tc.) are disil lusioned with lackof p rogre ss in the economic and po l i t ica larena. As long as Ukraine is perceived asbe ing in the hands of the "pos t -Com munis tnomenk la tu ra " and does no t move on genuine economic reforms as well as fur therpol itical reforms, the U.S.-Ukrainian relationship wil l not flourish.This i s no t to d imin ish the ve ry r ea lp rogre ss tha t ha s been made in Ukra ine ,especial ly in 1991 and 1992 in the realm,for instance, of human r ights, indeed, publ i s h e d r e p o r t s b y t h e U . S . g o v e r n m e n t( S t a t e D e p a r t m e n t a n d H e l s i n k iC o m m i s s i o n ) , t h e C S C E , a n d t h e m e d i ahave no ted the se pos i t ive changes , e special ly Ukraine 's treatment of i ts minorities.H o w e v e r , e v e n t h e s e a n d o t h e r i n i t i a lmoves towards genu ine democracy appea rto have sta l led over the last year as pol itica l and econom ic pa ra lys is se ized U kra ine .T h o s e A m e r i c a n s w h o f o l l o w U k r a i n eare not bl ind to the fact that there are stil lfa r too many nega t ive ve s t ige s o f the o lds y s t e m . T h i s a l s o d o e s n o t h i n g t oi m p r o v e A m e r i c a n p e r c e p t i o n s o fUkra ine and , hence , to enhance r e l a t ions .i n s h o r t , U k r a i n e i s n o t h e l p i n g i t sown ca se , because the fac t o f the ma t te ri s d e s p i t e w h a t c y n i c s m a y t h i n k ,Amer icans do pay a t ten t ion to democracyand economic r e forms , in any even t , a t amin imum, l ack of economic and po l i t ica lp rogre ss in Ukra ine p l ays in to the handsof those not favorably disposed to assisting i t in the f i r s t p l ace . Whi l e money fo rd i s m a n t l i n g n u c l e a r w e a p o n s , a s s u m i n gthe t r i l a te r a l nuclea r ag reement beg ins tobe implemented , w i l l be made ava i l ab l et o U k r a i n e r e l a t i v e l y q u i c k l y , f u r t h e rbila teral U.S. as well as multila teral economic a ss i s tance a r e condi t iona l on s ign i f ican t economic change .The re i s r e a son to be l ieve tha t Ukra in e ' sl e a d e r s a r e p r e p a r e d t o d e m o n s t r a t e t h epolitical wil l needed to undertake ser iousreform measures, if this is indeed the case ,t h e p r o s p e c t s f o r i m p r o v e m e n t s i nUkrainianAmerican rela tions - and muchmore importantiy, for Ukraine itself - wil lundoubtedly br ighten.

C r i m e a a n d R u s s i a ' s r o l e i n f o m e n t i n gunre s t in tha t pa r t o f Ukra ine .in addition to Mr. iwanciw, the delegat i o n i n c l u d e d U k r a i n i a n A m e r i c a nCoord ina t ing Counci l (UACC) and UNAP r e s i d e n t U l a n a D i a c h u k , U k r a i n i a nCongre ss Commit tee o f Amer ica (UCCA)Pre s iden t Askold Lozynsky , UACC v iceP r e s i d e n t a n d U k r a i n i a n F r a t e r n a lAssocia t ion (U FA) Pre s iden t ivan Oleksyn ,B i s h o p B a s i l L o s t e n o f t h e U k r a i n i a nCa tho l ic Church , Archb ishop Cons tan t ineof the Ukra in ian Au tocepha lous Or thodoxC h u r c h , U k r a i n i a n N a t i o n a l W o m e n ' sL e a g u e o f A m e r i c a P r e s i d e n t A n n aK r a v c h u k , U k r a i n i a n A m e r i c a n B a rAssocia t ion Pre s iden t Wa l te r Lupan , andUCC A W ashing ton Office Act ing Direc to rYuriy Holowinsky and his assistant MyronJarosewych. Also participating in the meeti n g w a s R o b i n C l e v e l a n d , t h e s e n a t o r ' snational security advisor .

Since Ukraine's independence, Congress hasplayed a role in pressing th e administration totake a more active approach with respect toUkraine as well as to warn about th e dangers ofRussian attempts to resume it s status as animperial power.


5/24

No. 8 ^ T H E U K R A I N I A N W E E K L Y S U N D A Y , F E B R U A R Y 2 0 , 1 9 9 4 ^ 5

A short mythological guide to Ukrainian economic animalsby Dr . Oleh Havrylyshyn

CONCLUSIONEqual conditions: makingan aquarium from fish soup

The previous article suggested that today one mightnot have equal conditions for private and state enterprises , because the latter begin the competition with a muchbigger amount of, and access to, resources. The startingsituation is therefore no more equal than w ould be a racebetween a bicycle and a volga. W hat then could be doneto equalize the conditions? How can we achieve theapparently impossible as stated in the well-known "perestroika" metaphor, that it is easy to m ake fish soup froman aquarium, but much m ore difficult to make an aquarium from fish soup?Let's consider the case of privatizing land now in collective farms. Let's do it scientifically (po nautsi), asking how we got to this position in the first place, inother words, how did the aquarium of private landsbecome the fish soup of kolhosp farms? if w e remembera little bit of history, we will remember that this was notachieved by declaring "equal conditions for all forms ofownership," followed by a large voluntary move byfarmers into collective groups. And one suspects itwould not have been achieved by such s ta tementsbecause the initial starting point in 1929 favored privateownership very strongly and to achieve collectivizationit was necessary for government to take three compensating m easures:9 prohibit land ownership beyond a small size;9 undertake a m assive propaganda effort on the natureof collective farming;- send down from Moscow to every rural region ofthe USSR a brigade of "collectivizes" to, shall we say,"help" farmers collectivize.is it possible one could simply reverse the processtoday? This might com prise the following:9 pass a law making full ownership possible (not just100-year leases);9 undertake a massive propaganda effort on the natureof private farming; send from Kyyiv ("Slava Bohu" not M oscow) downto every rural region brigades of "privatizers" to "help"kolhosp directors distribute the land to individuals orgroups that desire this.A valid counter-argument to this proposal may be thattoday we should not use the unfair methods of theSta l in i s t Co mmun is t pro gram o f co l l ec t iv iza t io n .Undoubtedly it would be wrong to use force to driveindividuals in to private farming, or to remove inadvance kolhosp directors simply on the argument thatunder private farming they are not needed. The reversemeasures proposed are intended to create equal conditions for the free choice by individuals.As long as laws on land ownership restrict the right toresell the land, and provide only lifetime lease rights,potential farmers are not sure what the long-term intentions of the government are, and fear the possibility offorceful recollectivization in the future. The signal topeople on the land must be clear: the government givesyou and your heirs full assured control of your land.Only when we have this situation will it be possible tojudge whether people do or do not wish to be privatefarmers. This signal would be given by the first twomeasures: laws on ow nership of land and propaganda ofgovernment in assistance to potential farmers.The th ird measure proposed creating specialgroups of "privatizers" to implement land-distributionrequests - is also simply a measure to create presentlynon-existent equal conditions. Kolhosp directors are notto be faulted for being only human like the rest of us. itis unfair to ask them to rise above this state and behaveagainst what they understand as their own interests, theiraccumulated perceptions and values . They, too , ofcourseware mem bers of the collective and m ust be giventhe same full rights to become private owners of farmingland.

Exchange rate m easurestemperature of economyit is widely accepted in Ukraine and outside that thelarge devaluation of the karbovanets (the rate to the dollar rose from 1,000 in January 1993 to more than 30,000Dr. Oleh Havrylyshyn is alternate executive directorof the international Monetary Fund and representsUkraine's interests on the 1MF bo ard of directors. Theviews expressed here are those o f the author and do notnecessarily reflect the position of the 1MF or Ukrainianauthorities.

in December 1993) is a reflection of the general deterioration in the economic conditions of Ukraine and ofUkrainians. But there is a lot of confusion and misunderstanding about the causes and cures for this deterioration. No analogy is perfect, but a useful analogy in thiscase may be the temperature of a sick person: the higherthe rate for a dollar, the sicker the economy.The present illness of the economic body of Ukraineconsists of several diseases at the same time: decliningproductivity of the labor force, declining production inboth industry and agriculture, the shock of high energyprices, and of course hyperinflation. Any of these byitself would be enough to cause some rise in the temperature, that is a decline in the value of the karbovanets.When several diseases are simultaneously affecting thebody it is of course not easy to determine how much ofthe rise in temperature is caused by each o ne. But a fewgeneralities are possible.it is often said our inflation is imported from Russia.During 1992, until the karbovanets became the legalcurrency of operations for all transactions cash plusnon-cash it w as still possible to argue Ukraine couldnot have an inflation rate lower than Russia's. But forthis past year, this argument is not possible.it is correct that substantial increases in prices ofpetroleum imports caused som e of the inflation in 1993.But how much? At the start of 1993 these prices were,in dollar equivalents, about 20 percent of world prices,and by the end of the year they have reached 80 percentapproximately, or four times higher in real terms. Evenif energy-intensity in U kraine is three times higher thanin Western economies (and the typical expert's assessment is about two times), this means energy accountsfor 20 percent of value of production . A fourfoldincrease in price of energy (400 percent) should mean adirect increase of final prices of about 80 percent let's say 100 percent, indirect effects exist, of course,-but each round of such effects should be much less thanthe previous one if no other inflation factors exist.Therefore, at the maximum one could accept that energyprices would cause inflation of perhaps 200-300 percent,and a corresponding devaluation of the karbovanets of

the same amount to a level of, say, 3,000 kbv7Sl, or let'seven say 5,000 kbv7Sl.in fact inflation was far higher than 300 percent(about 2,000 percent) and the exchange rate jumpedover 30,000 kbv7Sl, leaving a lot to explain. Thereremains only one explanation, which is not surprisinglythe same as every historical episode of hyperinflationfrom Weimar Germany to corrupt Zaire: the policy ofprinting large amounts of paper called "money," in theform of karbovantsi to pay workers and credits to enter-prises to buy from each other. There is no escaping thefact that the excessive issue of credit and money is theprincipal disease that has contributed to inflation andthereby to devaluation of the karbovanets.But why did the " temperature" increase 30 t imes(from 1,000 to 30,000) if inflation increased "only" 20times (2,000 percent inflation)? B ecause when inflationbecomes so high, all confidence in the economy is lost,and everyone including the factory-worker, die kioskoperator, the racketeer who "guards" kiosks, the newcommercial capitalists attempts to run away from thedevaluating currency into things that store w ealth safely.Goods are one possibility, so increased demand for thesedrives prices higher in a vicious circle. But as hyperinflation experiences in Bolivia, israel, Brazil, etc. alsoshow, the safest store of economic wealth is: dollars.Therefore, demand for dollars rises even faster thaninflation and the temperature or exchange rate reachesunimaginable, crisis, levels.

Lowering the economy's temperature:a gift for the new yearOur previous article described the movement of theexchange rate (kbv7Sl) as the "temperature'vof an economy. it concluded by noting that growing inflation

results in a lack of confidence, and as a consequence aflight from karbovantsi into dollars, which causes theexchange rate temperature to ris e to unreal, crisis levels.There is, however, a paradox here, as one can speak of arate that is at the same time "realistic but unreal."An exchange rate of 30,000 kbv7Sl is very real in thesense that demand and supply for dollars are what theyare, and no artificial administrative measure of government can much affect this, anymore than can a doctorlower a patient's 40 degree temperature by saying it isunrealistic and declaring it must fall to a more reason-able 38 degree, it is on the other hand correct to saysuch a rate is unreal and unreflective of the real state ofthe economy.At 30,000 kbWSl, average wages in Ukraine for most

people can buy only S10 to S20 in hard currency, anamount unimaginable for physical survival anywhere inthe world. While people's consumption standards haveno doubt fallen over the past two years, they are stillconsuming enough basic goods to survive, indeed, if thegoods people consumed were to be evaluated in dollarprices of w orld markets, the value of their consumptionwould be closer to Si00 to 200 per month, not S10 toS20. An exchange rate of about 3,000 kbv7Sl would perhaps more realistically reflect the purchasing power ofindividuals in the economy. The question is how to getto the position of stability where the market exchangerate reflects the more reasonable underlying purchasingpower exchange rate.There is in this paradox of a "realistic but unreal"exchange rate a potential New Y ear's gift for Ukrainians,if the right economic policy measures are taken. As stated already, administrative "forcing" of the exchange ratewill not change the underlying econom ic forces of people's demand for dollars, which reflects their lack ofconfidence. This lack of confidence comes primarilyand in the imm ediate sense from hyperinflation and people's expectations that it will continue.This vicious circle must b e reversed and transformedinto a virtuous circle. A sharp restriction of the cheapand large bank credits to various producers in the economy as w ell to government, by reducing the supply of themonetary m ass, will quickly reduce the inflation spiral.The sooner this happens, and the more forcefully it happens, the sooner will people's expectations of inflationchange, and conf idence begin to be res tored . Withrestored confidence, the urge to run to dollars will bereduced, and the exchange rate temperature can fall, orat least, as happened in the Baltic states and Poland, riseless quickly than inflation and wages. This, of course,means that wages calculated in dollars will begin to rise.The experience of Poland and the Baltics shows thatan effective inflation-stabilization policy of this kindmeans dollar-calculated wages increase four or fivetimes within one year. Thus, in Poland, early 1990 average wages were about S207month by early 1991 theywere over S80, and are now well over S100. in theBaltics, stabilization in 1993 gave similar results, withEstonia's average wages rising from about S15 to aboutS70 by the end of the year.Even in Russia, some of this same effect is visible inthe second half of 1993. Although inflation of about 20-25 percent per month was not very much reduced sincecredit emissions continued, these emissions did notgrow more as they d id in Ukraine hence theexpected hyperinflation did not occur. T his was enoughof a surprise to Russian people to make them believethings would not get worse, and therefore the urge tobuy dol lars was calmed down. Consequently, theexchange rate of rubles moved up very little, stayingaround 1,000-1,200, while inflation of 15-25 percent permonth raised wages to an average of about 80,000rubles by year's end. in dollar terms wages thereforerose from about S20 to S25 in January 1992 to aboutS70 to S80 by December 1993.is it possible a similar policy of stabilization of credits in Ukraine could achieve a similar reduction in inflation? This would be a nice New Yea r's gift for a courageous Ukrainian government to give its people in 1994.

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6/24

6 TH E UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 20,1994 No. 8On the eve of the Holy SynodTowards our Patriarchate LETTER TO THE ED1TOR

b y B i shop B a s i l L os t e nSpecial to The Ukrainia n Weeklyin a few da ys, God wil l ing , 1 sha l l goto Lviv for the next sess ion of the Holy

Synod of our Ukra inian Cathol ic Church.Many of our clergy and faithful are keenly inte res ted, as they should be , in thep r og r e s s t ow a r d a c h i e v ing t he g oa l o ffour centur ies : the fu l l e s tabl ishment andrecogni t ion of the Pa tr ia rcha te .This is a mat te r of grea t concern to a l lt he h i e r a r c h s o f t he S y nod , so 1 ha v eb e e n c onsu l t i ng w i th c l e r g y a nd l a i t y ,a nd w i th e x p e r t s i n t he v a r iou s f i e l d sinvolved, and col lec t ing my thoughts fort h i s f o r t h c o m i n g m e e t i n g , i t s e e m sappropr ia te tha t 1 should offe r my ideasto a l l those in te res ted, s ince this concernsa l l of us . in wr i t ing this present a r t ic le , h a v e o n l y o n e r e s e r v a t i o n : 1 a m d i s cussing issues and events , not persona l it i e s . So 1 sha l l refra in f rom com men t on

par t icula r indiv idua ls .Th e " t e r r i t o r y " p r o b l e m

E v e r s i n c e t h e U k r a i n i a n C a t h o l i cE p i sc op a l C onfe r e nc e u nde r t he l e a de r -s h i p o f M e t r o p o l i t a n C o n s t a n t i n eBohachevsky of Phi lade lphia f i r s t ra isedthe q u e s t i on o f a U k r a in i a n P a t r i a r c ha t e ,in the 1950s, 1 the same objec t ion a rose :t he C a tho l i c C hu r c h a nd t he O r thodoxC h u r c h e q u a l l y i n s i s t e d t h a t aP a t r i a r c ha t e c a nno t b e c r e a t e d ou t s idei t s ow n t e r r i t o r y . Th i s " t e r r i t o r y " ne e dnot necessar i ly be an independent country , 2 nor must the Pa tr ia rcha te re la te toon l y one sp e c i f i c e thn ic g r ou p , 3 but i tm u s t b e b a se d i n a de f ine d g e og r a p h icloca t ion where i t c an exerc ise jur isdict ion.Pope Joh n Paul 11 has been wil l ing todo a grea t dea l for our Church, and toseek the most favorable appl ica t ions ofcanonica l pr inc iples . But the Roman pont i ff i s t h e g u a r d i a n o f t h e C h u r c h ' sauthent ic t radi t ion, and in th is mat te r HisHol iness fe l t bound by the c lea r s ta tements of the Ecumenica l Counc i l s of thef i r s t mil lennium, which is the normativeper iod for re la t ions be tween the Easte rnC hu r c he s a nd R om e .

This constant re fusa l provoked a ce rt a in c y n ic i sm . A f t e r a l l , t h e U k r a in i a nC a tho l i c s w e r e ha r d l y t o b l a m e fo r t hepersecut ion of our Church by the Sovie tgovernment , so why should tha t becomethe oc c a s ion t o de ny u s som e th ing t ha tour major a rchbishop, our Synod, and somany of our clergy and faithful believedwas necessary? With the v ir tue of hind-sight, we need only say that we are confident tha t everyone involved, on a l l s idesof the quest ion, was t ry ing to do the bestfor the Church in a difficult and complexsi tua t ion. We have n o br ie f to judge ; wepray for everyone and we invi te everyo n e ' s mutua l forgiveness .C y n i c i s m w a s u n w a r r a n t e d , i n ane a r l y l e t t e r t o P a t r i a r c h J o sy f S l i p y j , 4P o p e J o h n P a u l 11 w r o t e t h a t t h eachievement of f reedom for the Churchin U k r a ine w ou l d b e t he e s se n t i a l f i r s ts tep toward our fu l l pa tr ia rcha l system.T h e f o r m e r c a r d i n a l - a r c h b i s h o p o fKr a k ow , ne w l y e l e c t e d p op e o f R om e ,k n e w t h e s i t u a t i o n i n U k r a i n e c l o s e l yf r o m p e r s o n a l c o n t a c t s . H i s H o l i n e s sk n e w t h a t t h e p e r s e c u t e d C h u r c h w a snot an i l lus ion; i t was qui te rea l and inu r g e n t ne e d o f he l p . H i s H o l ine s s a l sok ne w tha t onc e t he C hu r c h w a s r e s to r e di n U k r a i n e , t h e m o v e m e n t t o w a r d o u rP a t r i a r c h a t e w o u l d b e c o m e m u c h

s t r ong e r . Thu s t he g u ida nc e w h ic h J ohnPaul 11 gave C ardina l S l ipyj w as exce ll e n t , a n d t h e p a s t o r a l c a r e w h i c h t h eholy fa ther gave us in the c ruc ia l yearsw h i c h s a w t h e l e g a l i z a t i o n o f o u rC hu r c h w a s de c i s iv e .

N ow , t he " t e r r i t o r y " im p e d im e n t i s amat te r of the past . The Church in Ukra ineis no longer in the ca tacombs. Pa tr ia rchJosyf s mor ta l remains a re in te r red in thec rypt of S t . George 's Ca thedra l ; Cardina lM y r os l a v iv a n L u b a c h iv sk y i s i n r e s idence direc t ly ac ross f rom the ca thedra l ;thousands of par ishes a re se rv ing mil l ionsof faithful. Nobody will again tell us thatthere is some " te r r i tor ia l " impediment toour Pa tr ia rcha te .S t i l l , tha t does not answer the quest ionof prec ise ly what the pa tr ia rcha l te r r i toryshou l d b e . The r e a r e som e w ho w i sh i tc o n f i n e d t o U k r a i n e . O t h e r s w o u l dinc lude a t l eas t the Peremyshl diocese in

P o l a nd ; 5 o the r s w ou l d i nc l u de B e l a r u s ' ,or even Russia 6 and S iber ia . Less p leasa n t l y , a f e w o the r s ha v e su g g e s t e d t ha tour pa tr ia rcha l te r r i tory should be l imitedt o E a s t e r n G a l i c i a . T h e H o l y S e e h a sasked our Synod to s tudy this mat te r ca re -fully and report back with a concrete prop osa l f o r t he g e og r a p h ic de s ig na t i on o fou r p a t r i a r c ha l t e r r i t o r y , b a se d on h i sto r ic , canonica l and pastora l considerat ions .N a t i o n a l i n d e p e n d e n c e

A s 1 s a id a b ov e , a P a t r i a r c ha t e doe sno t a b so l u t e l y r e q u i r e a de f in i t e i nde p e n d e n t s t a t e . B u t a m o n g U k r a i n i a n s ,the two goa ls were s t rongly l inked; overt h e p a s t f e w d e c a d e s , m a n y p e o p l es o u g h t t o a d v a n c e e v e n t u a l U k r a i n i a nc i v il i n d e p e n d e n c e b y p r o m o t i n g t h eide a o f a P a t r i a r c ha t e . E v e n t s ov e r tookus ; U k r a in i a n i nde p e nde nc e c a m e soone r t ha n m os t o f u s e x p e c t e d . A nd a l lp a t r i o t i c U k r a in i a ns m u s t now b e p r e pared to l end every e ffor t to suppor t ands u s t a i n t h e i n d e p e n d e n t , s o v e r e i g nU k r a ine fo r w h ic h w e ha v e w or k e d sol ong .

This has removed some of the pressureo n t h e P a t r i a r c h a l m o v e m e n t ; t h o s ewhose chie f in te res t i s in secula r pol i t ic sare now able to work directly in the politica l sphere . And our e ffor ts toward theP a t r i a r c ha t e a r e f r e e t o p r oc e e d i n t heecc les ias t ica l pa th .( C o n t i n u e d o n p a g e 20 )

Bishop Basil, eparch of Stamford,Conn ., wrote this article on February 9,prior to leaving for Lviv for the HolySynod of the Ukrainian Catholic Church.

1 Often we forget that our bishops didraise the matter then. So did our representatives in the Preparatory Commissions for theSecond vatican Council; it was at their insistence that the possibil ity appeared in theschema or draft, w hich eventually became theDecree on the Eastern Catholic Churches.2 The Patriarchate of Antioch has no special connection with any particular independent state.3 The Patriarchate of Alexandria servesGreeks, Arabs, Copts, Kenyans, Ugandans,Ethiopians, and so forth, its "territory" is theAfrican continent.4 His tory wil l not deny Josyf theConfessor the patriarchal title, though HisBeatitude did not l ive to see the completeaccomplishment of the Patriarchate.5 Ac tua l ly we should have an ent i reMetropolitanate in Poland; there are certainlyenough faithful and parishes to warrant thisadvance.6 S ince the Holy See recognizes theMoscow Patriarchate as a sister Church, thiswould create some problems. But withoutquestion we have the right and obligation toprovide full pastoral care and service forU k r a in i a n C a tho l i c s i n R u ss i a ( e v e n a sMoscow has the same r ight for RussianOrthodox in Ukraine or in Rome, for thatmatter) . The only question is to determineappropriate structures and modes to do this.

Kudos for coveringToronto EparchyDear Edi tor :

You should be congra tula ted on yourfrank and detailed coverage of the conflictw i th in t he To r o n to U k r a in i a n C a tho l i cE p a r c hy - a t op ic l a r g e l y r e g a r de d a staboo and only t imidly a l luded to by thel oc a l U k r a in i a n p r e s s , e v e n t hou g h th i sdeplorable controversy has seriously splitthe community and has now been exacerbated by the l ibel suit filed by a group ofp r i e s t s a g a in s t B i shop R om a n Da ny l a k(The Ukra inian W eekly , January 30) .However , you a re incor rec t in sayingtha t t he v a t i c a n ha s r e m a ine d s i l e n t i nthis d ispute : indeed, in his l e t te r of June2 8 , 1 9 9 3 , a d d r e s s e d t o B i s h o p i s i d o r eBorecky, Cardinal Achille Silvestrini, pref e c t o f t h e S a c r e d C o n g r e g a t i o n f o rE a s t e r n C hu r c he s , ha s e x p r e s s l y s t a t e dt h a t t h e a p o s t o l i c a d m i n i s t r a t o r ( i . e . ,Bishop Danylak) was invested with a l l ther ights and dut ies of an eparchia l b ishop,both in sp ir i tua l and in tempora l mat te r s ,and tha t Bishop Borecky re ta ined only theprerogatives of a l iturgical character.T h i s c l a r i f i c a t i o n w a s r e p e a t e d i nCardina l S i lvestr in i ' s l e t te r of the samedate addressed to Bishop Danylak , whicha l so conta ined a s ta tement to the e ffec ttha t Bishop Borecky d id not ha ve jur isdict ion over the Eparchy of Toronto and tha ta ny de c i s ion o r m e a su r e t a k e n b y h imei ther " in sp ir i tua l ibus" or " in tempora li b u s " was void of any juridical effect.

B o h d a n B u d u r o w y c zTor on to

Space programnot all RussianDear Edi tor :

President Bi l l Cl inton in his S ta te oft h e U n i o n a d d r e s s d e s c r i b e d a nA m e r i c a n -R u ss i a n p r og r a m in sp a c e a sone o f t he m a j o r d ip l om a t i c a c h i e v e ments of his adminis t ra t ion. The cente r -p iece of th is wel l -adver t ised coopera t iveac t ion focuses on the design, fabr ica t ionand deployment of a space s ta t ion as aj o i n t e f f o r t b e t w e e n N A S A a n d i t sRussian co unte rpar t . Th is jo int e ffor t i sexpec ted to rea l ize technica l , economicand pol i t ica l benef i ts for both countr ies .

The news media is te l l ing the publ ictha t by employing U.S . and Russian sc ient is ts , technica l benef i ts would be rea lized in making use of "Russian" l iquidp r o p e l l a n t m o t o r s i n A m e r i c a n - b u i l trocke ts . Economic benef i ts would resul ti n u t i l i z i n g l a u n c h i n g f a c i l i t i e s i nKazakhstan, as wel l as "Russian" technic a l a n d o p e r a t i o n a l p e r s o n n e l , t h u sr e du c ing s ig n i f i c a n t l y t he c os t o f t hespace s ta t ion program. The pol i t ica l benefi ts for both countr ies wil l a r ise f romp e r s o n a l c o n t a c t s o f A m e r i c a n a n dRussian sc ient is ts in the post-Cold Ware r a . S u c h a c o o p e r a t i v e e f f o r t w o u l dh o p e f u l l y r e d u c e t h e p r o l i f e r a t i o n o frocke t weaponry , which has been a s ta ted goa l of U . S . fore ign pol icy .

H ow e v e r , w he n P r e s ide n t C l in ton a ndthe p r e s s r e f e r t o t he " R u ss i a n" sp a c ep r og r a m a nd " R u ss i a n" r oc k e t s , su c h references a re not ent i re ly accura te , i t wasthe Sovie t e ffor t tha t produced the spaceprogram, encompassing most ly three former republ ic s of the USSR, the RussianF e d e r a t i o n , U k r a i n e a n d K a z a k h s t a n .Afte r the dissolu t ion of the Sovie t Union,the asse ts of the space-re la ted industrybecame separa ted among the three independent countr ies : Russia , where most of

the space research, design and engineering is ca r r ied out ; Ukra ine , where mosto f t he r oc k e t -m a nu fa c tu r ing c a p a b i l i t yr e s i d e s ; a n d K a z a k h s t a n , w h e r e t h espace-launching fac i l i t ie s a re loca ted.Consequent ly , wi thout the coopera t ion

of these three republ ic s there cannot be a" R u ss i a n" sp a c e p r og r a m . B o th U k r a ineand Kazakhstan would need to be inc luded in the proposed space e ffor t . Ukra ineshould reasonably expect to be paid for itsmanufac tured rocke ts , and Kazakhstan forthe use of its launching facil ities.Today, pol i t ica l , economic and technic a l r e l a t i ons b e tw e e n t he U n i t e d S t a t e sand Russia a re charac te r ized by a superficial cordiality. Such a superficial relat ionship over lays a gul f of rea l soc ie ta la n d c u l t u r a l d i f f e r e n c e s t h a t le a d t oi n s t a n c e s o f d a n g e r o u s m i s r e a d i n g o fi s s u e s a n d n e g o t i a t i o n s . U n i t e d S t a t e spol icy s t i l l has a Moscow-centr ic orb i t ,i g n o r i n g t h e f a ct t h a t U k r a i n e w o u l dne e d t o b e i nc l u de d i f a ny c oop e r a t iv espace program is to succeed.

Natal ia B. L y sy jC a nog a P a r k , Calif.

Re: Seagram'splan for UkraineDe a r E d i to r :

i t i s wel l -known tha t a lcohol is widespread in our fa ther land, be ing a se r iousenemy of the Ukra inian people .M a r t a K o l o m a y e t s i n h e r a r t i c l e(January 30) informs us about the invas ion o f U k r a ine b y m or e a l c oho l f r oma b r oa d . U k r a ine i s b e c om ing a " p a r t o fS e a g r a m ' s g l o b a l s t r a t e g y . " S e a g r a mintroduces a lcohol ic "produc ts . . . expens iv e b u t w or th e v e r y p e nny . " i s v odk awor th more than the prec ious hea l th tha ti t i s able to d estroy?

The luxur ious Seagram's s tore , loadedwith a lcohol bot t l es , i s in the c i ty cente ro f t he U k r a in i a n c a p i t a l . N e x t doo r i sl o c a t e d t h e " a l m o s t a l w a y s e m p t y -she lved Produckty food s tore" with "customers who have been wai t ing the ir turnfo r hou r s . " W ou l d i t no t b e b e t t e r a ndmore humanita r ian for the Bronfmans tof i l l t hose e m p ty she l v e s w i th food fo rhungry people ins tead of offe r ing themminia ture bot t l es of a lcohol de l icac ies .i t i s deserving of punishment to employas promoters of vodka "younger people ,straight out of school," who should be protected from contact with alcohol.A nd now w e ha v e t o r e sp ond t o t heq u e s t i o n f r o m M r . K i s h : " W h o k n o w sm or e a b ou t v odk a t ha n U k r a in i a ns? " i fw e ha v e no c om p e t i t i on i n t h i s r e g a r dsha l l we be proud or ashamed of i t? Arethe Ukra inian people rea l ly champions ind r ink ing ?

N . A . H r u s z k e w y c z , M . D .Cleve land

Sevastopil votewas unanimousDear Edi tor :

F o r t he s a k e o f h i s t o r i c a l a c c u r a c y ,please a l low me one s l ight cor rec t ion toT a r a s K u z i o ' s i n t e r e s t i n g a r t i c l e o nU k r a i n e ' s s e c u r i t y c o n c e r n s a f t e r t h eD e c e m b e r p a r l i a m e n t a r y e l e c t i o n s i nRussia. The July 9, 1993, vote in the form e r R u s s i a n P a r l i a m e n t r e g a r d i n g t h esta tus of Sevastopi l was unanimous, wi thone deputy absta ining not vot ing aga inst .

R o m a n S o l c h a n y kM u nic h


7/24

N o . 8 TH E UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 20,1994 7T H E U K R A IN IA N N A T IO N A L ASSOCIATION'S F I R S T CENTURY

T H E U K R A I N I A N W E E K L Y

'With a vision for the future'One hundred years ago , 10 brothe rhoo ds, having assets total l ing S220 and atotal membership of 439, resolved to form the Ukrainian National Associat ion(then known as the Ruskyi Narodnyi Soyuz). They acted on the suggest ion of ahistoric edi torial that appeared in Svoboda on November 1, 1893: "Ukrainiansscattered across this land need a national organization, namely such a brotherhood,such a nat ional union that would embrace each and every Ukrainian no matterwhere he lives. . ..in unity there is strength, and it is not easily defea ted... ."On February 22 , 1894 , the word becam e deed . The Ruthen ian N at ionalAssocia t i on was es t ab l i shed , " i t has come to be ," p roc la imed Svoboda . Thenewspaper edi torial ized: "Dear brothers , now that a great number of us havegotten together and founded the associat ion, let us al l join i t . . . . You, who hadbeen given up for lost by your brothers in Ukraine, let the world know that youare al ive, and that here, in America, the l i fe of the Ukrainian community isthrobbing with vigor and act ivi ty. . . .The Ukrainian National Associat ion hasbeen founded, and the Ukrainian people in America have risen from the dead. . ."And so i t was, the Ukrainian community in North America grew and prospered, as did the Ukrainian National Associat ion. Today, at 100 years of age, i t

has assets of S72.5 mil l ion and a membership of 64,000. i t has grown far, farbeyond what i t was at the t ime of i ts founding. But one thing has remained constant: i ts devotion to i ts founding principles . Througho ut i ts his tory, the UNAhas always extended a helping hand to i ts members, the Ukrainian community inthe United States and Canada, Ukrainians wherever they have set t led, and toUkraine.The UNA has supported countless community causes, from the erect ion of amonument t o Taras Shevchenko in Wash ing ton and the crea t i on of the WorldCongress of Free Ukrainians to the establ ishment of Ukrainian studies chairsand the Ukrainian Research inst i tute at Harvard Universi ty, i t has publishednumerous books , f rom Mykhai lo Hrushevsky 's "His tory of Ukra ine" t o Rober tConques t ' s "The Harves t o f Sorrow." i t was a major donor t o the work of the

U.S. Commission on the Ukraine Famine as well as to the Harvard Project onthe Mil lennium of Christ iani ty in Ukraine.No t to be forgotten are the UN A's i l lustrious endeavors in the field of publishing (two newspapers , Svoboda and The Ukrainian Weekly, as well as theveselka chi ldren 's magazine), i ts scholarships for col lege students in the U.S.and Canada, i ts roles as patron of the arts and promoter of sports , i ts care forthe elderly, and i ts assis tance to needy vict ims of natural and man-made disasters, be they in the U.S. , Ukraine, or any part of the Ukrainian diaspora.With the declarat ion of Ukraine's independence, the UNA focused on helpingthe people of that formerly Soviet-dominated land, it created a Fund for the Rebirthof Ukraine that has supported many a project, from textbooks for the children ofUkraine to handbooks for businesspersons, and it has initiated its own educationalprojects, the Teaching English in Ukraine Program and the Summer institute forteachers of the English language, i t also funds the Kyyiv Press Bureau that isstaffed, on a rotating basis, by editorial staffers of The Ukrainian Weekly thefirst full-time Kyyiv-based press bureau to serve a Western news outlet.in short , the UNA has always been there for al l Ukrainians. Wil l i t continue tobe there in the next 100 years? Will the Ukrainian National Asso ciat ion 's secondcentury be as illustrious as its first? The future depends upon both the new generat ions of Ukrainians who have grown up in North America and the new wave ofimmigrants recently arrived on these shores from Ukraine. Will they see thevalue of the Ukrainian National Associat ion, become i ts members and take uponthemselves the organ izat ion 's leadership? That , dear readers , only t ime wil l tel l.However, we can state with al l certainty that the UNA, as i t marks the centennial

The Ukrainian Weekly 1994-08

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Transcript of The Ukrainian Weekly 1994-08