The Spread of Islam and the Creation of Muslim States

Key Vocabulary for Ch. 15-3Use the words and definitions below to complete a

Frayer Model for each vocabulary term

Caliph – successor to Muhammad as both political and religious ruler of the MuslimsSultan – Muslim political rulerSunni – Muslims who believe that the caliph should be chosen by wise leaders of the Muslim communityShia – Muslims who believe the caliph should be a descendent of Muhammad

The Umayyad Caliphate

•Killed Ali to gain control of Muslim Caliphate•Controlled largest amount of land•Moved capital to Damascus

The Abbasid Caliphate

•Overthrew the Umayyad Family•Moved capital to Baghdad•Lost Land – Spain & eventually Egypt•Islamic Golden Age under Abbasid Rule

The Ottoman Empire

•First non-Arab Muslim State•Ruled by Ottoman Turks•Controlled SE Europe, N. Africa & Arabia•Elite fighting force called the janissaries –Professional soldiers

The Safavid Empire

•Located in modern-day Iran•Practiced Shia Islam•Rivals of the Ottomans•Center of Islamic culture

The Delhi Sultanate

•Located in northern India•Ruled by Turks•Many Indians converted to Islam because it promoted a society without classes

The Mughal Empire

•Mongols defeated the Turks in India and took control•Founded by Babur•Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal•Sikhism (religion) and Urdu (language) are developed