The Skeleton

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Human Anatomy & PhysiologySEVENTH EDITION

Elaine N. MariebKatja Hoehn

PowerPoint® Lecture Slides prepared by Vince Austin, Bluegrass Technical and Community College

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7The Skeleton

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Cervical Vertebrae ____________

vertebrae

(C1-C7) are the smallest, lightest vertebrae


Cervical Vertebrae: The Atlas (C1)

Figure 7.16a, b


Cervical Vertebrae: The Atlas (C2)

Figure 7.17a


Regional Characteristics of Vertebrae

Table 7.2.2


Thoracic Vertebrae There are twelve vertebrae (T1-T12) all of which articulate

with ribs


Lumbar Vertebrae The five lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5) are located in the

small of the back enhanced weight-bearing function


Lumbar Vertebrae

Figure 7.17c


Sacrum Sacrum

___________________________ vertebrae:

(S1-S5), which shape the posterior wall of the pelvis

articulates with L5 superiorly, and with the hip bones


Coccyx Coccyx

(Tailbone) 4 (occasionally

3 - 5) fused vertebrae that articulate superiorly with the sacrum


Bony Thorax (Thoracic Cage)

thoracic vertebrae –_____________

Ribs- ________

Sternum and costal cartilages- _____________


Bony Thorax (Thoracic Cage) Functions:

Forms a _____________________________ around the heart, lungs, and great blood vessels

Supports the shoulder girdles and upper limbs

Provides __________________________ for many neck, back, chest, and shoulder muscles

Uses _________________________ muscles to lift and depress the thorax during _____________________________________


Bony Thorax (Thoracic Cage)

Figure 7.19b


Sternum (Breastbone) A dagger-shaped, flat bone that lies in the

________________________ midline of the ________________________.


Ribs ____________________ pairs of ribs All ribs attach _________________________ to

the thoracic vertebrae Superior 7 pair (“true ribs”) attach directly to the

_______________________ via costal cartilages Ribs 8-10 (“false ribs”) attach indirectly to the

sternum via ______________________________ Ribs 11-12 (“floating ribs”) have _____________

________________________________________


Thoracic Cage


Appendicular Skeleton Limbs and their girdles: Pectoral girdles attach the

____________________ to the body trunk Pelvic girdle secures the

__________________________________


Pectoral Girdles (Shoulder Girdles) ______________________ (“collar bone”) and ______________________ (“shoulder blade”) attach the upper limbs to the

___________________________ skeleton in a manner that allows for maximum movement

provide ______________________________ points for muscles that move the upper limbs


Pectoral Girdles (Shoulder Girdles)

Figure 7.22a


Clavicles (Collarbones) Slender, doubly curved long bones lying across the

_______________________________________ The ____________________________ (lateral)

end articulates with the scapula, and the ________________________________ (medial) end articulates with the sternum

Provide attachment points for numerous muscles, and act as braces to hold the scapulae and arms out laterally away from the body


Clavicles (Collarbones)

Figure 7.22b, c


Scapulae (Shoulder Blades) Triangular, flat bones lying on the dorsal surface of

the rib cage, between the second and seventh ribs


Scapulae (lateral view)

Figure 7.22f

The Skeleton

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