The Six Simple Machines - WordPress.com · 5/8/2013 · The Six Simple Machines Lever Pulley Wheel...
Transcript of The Six Simple Machines - WordPress.com · 5/8/2013 · The Six Simple Machines Lever Pulley Wheel...
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The Six Simple Machines
Lever
Pulley Wheel and Axle
WedgeScrewInclined Plane
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Inclined Plane An inclined plane is
a flat surface that is higher on one end
Inclined planes make the work of moving things easier
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Inclined Plane The Egyptians used inclined planes to build the
pyramids. One method was to build a very long inclined plane
that rose upward to the top of the pyramid very gently.
The blocks of stone were placed on large logs (another type of simple machine - the wheel and axle) and pushed slowly up the long inclined plane to the top of the pyramid.
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Inclined Plane -Mechanical Advantage
The mechanical advantage of an inclined plane is equal to the length of the slope divided by the height of the inclined plane.
While the inclined plane produces a mechanical advantage, it does so by increasing the distance through which the force must move.
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Screw
The mechanical advantage of a screw can be very high because of the huge length of the corresponding inclined plane.
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Archimedes' Screw
This machine was first designed by Archimedes in the 3rd century BC. It's used as a water pump.
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Wedges Two inclined
planes joined back to back.
Wedges are used to split things.
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Wedge – Mechanical Advantage The mechanical advantage of a wedge can be found
by dividing the length of either slope (S) by the thickness (T) of the big end.
S
As an example, let's assume that the length of the slope is 10 milimeters and the thickness is 4 milimeters. The mechanical advantage is then equal to 10/4 or 2.5.
As with the inclined plane, the mechanical advantage gained by using a wedge requires a corresponding increase in distance.
T
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Fulcrum is between the effort (E) and the load (R)Effort moves further than Resistance. The mechanical advantage of a lever is the ratio of the length EF to the length RF.
First Class Lever
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First Class Lever.
Common examples of first-class
levers include crowbars, scissors,
pliers, tin snips and seesaws
.
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Load (R) is between the fulcrum (F) and the effort (E) Effort moves further than Resistance. The mechanical advantage of a lever is the ratio of the distance EF to the distance FR.
Second Class Lever
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Second Class LeverExamples of
second-class levers include nut crackers, wheel barrows, doors, and bottle openers.
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The effort E is between fulcrum and the load.This lever does not multiply the force.
Third Class Lever
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Third Class LeverExamples of
third-class levers include tweezers, arm hammers, and shovels.
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Pulleys Pulley are wheels
and axles with a groove around the outside
A pulley needs a rope, chain or belt around the groove to make it do work
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Diagrams of Pulleys
Fixed pulley: A fixed pulley changes the direction of a force; however, it does not create a mechanical advantage.
Movable Pulley: The mechanical advantage of a moveable pulley is equal to the number of ropes that support the moveable pulley.
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COMBINED PULLEY The effort needed to
lift the load is less than half the weight of the load.
The main disadvantage is it travels a very short distance.
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WHEEL AND AXEL The axle is stuck
rigidly to a large wheel. Fan blades are attached to the wheel. When the axel turns, the fan blades spin.
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GEARS-Wheel and Axel Each gear in a
series reverses the direction of rotation of the previous gear. The smaller gear will always turn faster than the larger gear.
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Questions What did the egyptians use the inclined plane
for? What is Archimedes' screw used for? What are wedges used for? Put an example of a first class lever. Put an example of a second class lever. Put an example of a third class lever. Which type of pulley has more mechanical
advantage: the simple fixed pulley or the combined pulley?
Write down an example of machine that include wheels and axels.