Non Homologous End Joining. Homologous Recombination Non Homologous End Joining.
THE SIX KINGDOMS OF LIFE I. How are evolutionary relationships determined? – Structural...
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Transcript of THE SIX KINGDOMS OF LIFE I. How are evolutionary relationships determined? – Structural...
THE SIX KINGDOMS OF LIFE
• I. How are evolutionary relationships determined?– Structural similarities• Homologous structures?
– Breeding behavior– Geographical distribution– Chromosome comparisons– Biochemistry• DNA sequences, proteins
II. Phylogenetic Classification
• Phylogeny:– The evolutionary history of a species
• Cladistics:– Biological classification system based on
phylogeny
• Cladogram:– A model of the phylogeny of a species– Similar to a pedigree
II. Phylogenetic Classification
• Fanlike Model:– Unlike a cladogram, fanlike model communicates
the time organisms became extinct or the relateive number of species in a group
– Also incorporates fossil information and information gained from anatomical, embryological, genetic, and cladistic studies
• Page 454-455 in textbook
III. THE SIX KINGDOMS OF ORGANISMS
• A. Prokaryotes• Unicellular• Lack nucleus and membrane-bound organelles• Heterotrophs• Autotrophs– Chemosynthetic– Photosynthetic
• Archaebacteria, Eubacteria
III. THE SIX KINGDOMS OF ORGANISMS
• A. Prokaryotes• 1. Archaebacteria– Have different ribosomal DNA compared to other
prokaryotes– Live in extreme, harsh environments
• 2. Eubacteria– Include most bacterias and cyanobacteria
(photosynthetic)
III. THE SIX KINGDOMS OF ORGANISMS
• B. Protists• protist: eukaryote that lacks complex organ
systems and lives in moist environments• Unicellular & multicellular• Animal-like heterotrophs• Plant-like autotrophs• Fungus-like heterotrophs
III. THE SIX KINGDOMS OF ORGANISMS
• C. Fungi: Earth’s Decomposers• Fungus: unicellular/multicellular eukaryote
that absorbs nutrients from organic material in environment (dead/decaying material)
III. THE SIX KINGDOMS OF ORGANISMS
• D. Plants: Multicellular Oxygen Producers• Multicellular• Photosynthetic• Eukaryotic• Contain chloroplasts and cell walls composed
of cellulose• 250,000 known species including mosses,
ferns, and evergreens
III. THE SIX KINGDOMS OF ORGANISMS
• E. Animals: Multicellular Consumers• Multicellular• Heterotrophs• No cell walls• Cells tissues organs organ systems• Have organ systems such as:– Nervous, circulatory, and muscular systems