The Romantic AgeThe Romantic Age

The Romantic HeroThe Romantic Hero

People who embodied Romantic People who embodied Romantic qualities:qualities:

1.1. Free-spiritedFree-spirited

2.2. Unconventional behaviorUnconventional behavior

3.3. OriginalOriginal

Napoleon, Beethoven, Chopin, Keats, Napoleon, Beethoven, Chopin, Keats, Lord Byron, Frederick Douglass, etc.Lord Byron, Frederick Douglass, etc.

Values of RomanticismValues of Romanticism

Belief in the natural goodness of man Belief in the natural goodness of man (Rousseau)(Rousseau)

Glorification of the self Glorification of the self

Love of nature, the exotic, history in a Love of nature, the exotic, history in a nostalgic waynostalgic way

Originality Originality

Rejection of Enlightenment idealsRejection of Enlightenment ideals

Interest in folk tradition, nationalismInterest in folk tradition, nationalism

The Napoleonic EraThe Napoleonic Era

1799 – disillusioned citizens1799 – disillusioned citizens

New hero: Napoleon BonaparteNew hero: Napoleon Bonaparte

Dreams of imperial gloryDreams of imperial glory

Crowned himself emperor in 1804Crowned himself emperor in 1804

Campaign to conquer EuropeCampaign to conquer Europe

Defeated in 1814 at WaterlooDefeated in 1814 at Waterloo

Imprisoned for the rest of his life at St. Imprisoned for the rest of his life at St. HelenaHelena

Napoleon and the ArtsNapoleon and the ArtsImitated Roman emperors – made Paris imperial Imitated Roman emperors – made Paris imperial capital like Romecapital like RomePower advertised by arts and buildingsPower advertised by arts and buildingsLouvre – a museum for pieces stolen from Louvre – a museum for pieces stolen from conquered countriesconquered countriesTriumphal arches and columnsTriumphal arches and columnsLa Madeleine – made in the style of a Greek La Madeleine – made in the style of a Greek templetempleJacques-Louis David was “Painter to the Jacques-Louis David was “Painter to the Empire”Empire”Coronation scene and equestrian paintingCoronation scene and equestrian painting

BeethovenBeethovenSuffering romantic geniusSuffering romantic geniusDeafness at 25Deafness at 25Pianist in Vienna, able to sell his compositionsPianist in Vienna, able to sell his compositionsAdded piccolo and trombone to the symphonic Added piccolo and trombone to the symphonic orchestraorchestraSymphony Number 5 in C MinorSymphony Number 5 in C MinorConfrontation with fate: “fate knocking at the Confrontation with fate: “fate knocking at the door”door”Motif – a term for short musical ideaMotif – a term for short musical ideaSymphony No. 3, Symphony No. 3, Eroica, Eroica, was the bridge between was the bridge between Classical style and Romantic styleClassical style and Romantic style

Musical VirtuososMusical Virtuosos

Paganini – the violinPaganini – the violin

Chopin – the pianoChopin – the piano

Schumann -- songs and symphoniesSchumann -- songs and symphonies

Clara Schumann – lieder (songs)Clara Schumann – lieder (songs)

Brahms – symphoniesBrahms – symphonies

Goethe and FaustGoethe and Faust

FaustFaust – a romantic masterpiece drama in – a romantic masterpiece drama in two partstwo parts

Delacroix illustrated a French translationDelacroix illustrated a French translation

Schubert composed songs Schubert composed songs

Gounod – the opera Gounod – the opera Faust – Faust – the ambition the ambition to burst all human constraint and indulge to burst all human constraint and indulge unquenched desire for experienceunquenched desire for experience

Delacroix and the Byronic HeroDelacroix and the Byronic Hero

French more attracted to sensuality of French more attracted to sensuality of Lord Byron – Lord Byron – Don Juan, Don Juan, life of sexual life of sexual freedom, political idealism and exotic freedom, political idealism and exotic travel.travel.Intellectual and moral freedomIntellectual and moral freedomEugEugèène Delacroix rebelled against the ne Delacroix rebelled against the academyacademyColor, drama, and exotic themesColor, drama, and exotic themes

Liberty Leading the PeopleLiberty Leading the People

Fig. 17.5Fig. 17.5

Revolution of 1830 overthrew the Revolution of 1830 overthrew the Bourbon king Bourbon king

Unity of the classesUnity of the classes

““Liberty” is idealizedLiberty” is idealized

Romantic Social Protest: Romantic Social Protest: William BlakeWilliam Blake

Sympathetic observer of those enslaved Sympathetic observer of those enslaved by the industrial cityby the industrial city

Condemned the ills of urban existenceCondemned the ills of urban existence

Romantic FeminismRomantic Feminism

Mary Wollstonecraft – Mary Wollstonecraft – A Vindication of the A Vindication of the Rights of Women, Rights of Women, compared women to compared women to soldierssoldiersRevolutions did not liberate womenRevolutions did not liberate womenNapoleon’s legal code denied women the Napoleon’s legal code denied women the right to hold property right to hold property Western nations did not allow women to Western nations did not allow women to votevote

Goya and SpainGoya and Spain

Goya’s paintings depicted the senseless Goya’s paintings depicted the senseless brutality of war: brutality of war: Great Courage! Against Great Courage! Against Corpses!Corpses! (fig. 17.3) (fig. 17.3)

Executions of the Third of May, 1808 Executions of the Third of May, 1808 (fig. (fig. 17.2)17.2)

Christ-like martyr in whiteChrist-like martyr in white

Lamp = enlightenment (irony)Lamp = enlightenment (irony)

The Romantics and NatureThe Romantics and Nature

Romantic landscapesRomantic landscapes

Constable: Constable: The Haywain The Haywain (fig. 17.8),(fig. 17.8), rustic rustic landscapeslandscapes

Turner: Turner: The Slave Ship (fig. 17.9), The Slave Ship (fig. 17.9), colors colors of sea and sky of sea and sky

Thomas Moran: Thomas Moran: Grand Canyon of the Grand Canyon of the YellowstoneYellowstone (fig. 17.11), the drama of (fig. 17.11), the drama of naturenature

Romantic ExoticismRomantic Exoticism

Middle classes become strongMiddle classes become strongDrawn to exotic and grotesqueDrawn to exotic and grotesqueColonies overseas in Africa and AsiaColonies overseas in Africa and AsiaFascination with Arabic customs and Fascination with Arabic customs and dressdressIngres – a disciple of David: Ingres – a disciple of David: La Grande La Grande OdalisqueOdalisque (fig. 17.6) (fig. 17.6), , classical figuresclassical figures

Berlioz’s Berlioz’s Symphonie Symphonie FantastiqueFantastique

Innovated with program music Innovated with program music (composition that tells a story or describes (composition that tells a story or describes a place)a place)Story of Irish actress who rejected himStory of Irish actress who rejected himBy the fifth movement, the musician is By the fifth movement, the musician is dead and his beloved joins the celebration dead and his beloved joins the celebration in a witches’ dancein a witches’ danceThe macabreThe macabre

The Romantic NovelThe Romantic Novel

Fascination with evil and the demonic – Fascination with evil and the demonic – the “Gothic” novelthe “Gothic” novel

Edgar Allan PoeEdgar Allan Poe

Charlotte and Emily BrontCharlotte and Emily Brontëë

Mary Shelley’s Mary Shelley’s FrankensteinFrankenstein

Hero who suffers a conflict between his Hero who suffers a conflict between his God-like ambitions and moral blindnessGod-like ambitions and moral blindness