The Roman and Byzantine Empires - STUDIO BASEL · 12 THE ROMAN AND BYZANTINE EMPIRES Santiago...
Transcript of The Roman and Byzantine Empires - STUDIO BASEL · 12 THE ROMAN AND BYZANTINE EMPIRES Santiago...
10 11THE ROMAN AND BYZANTINE EMPIRES Santiago Espitia Berndt
Carthague
Alexandria
Memphis
LATIN GREEK
LATIN GREEK
LATIN
Theben
Jerusalem
Gaza
Antioch
Ancyra
EphesusSmyrna
Pergamon
ByzantionBrundisiumRoma
Massillia
Augusta T.Castra Regina
Londinium
CordubaCarthago Nova
Terraco
Mediolanum
Ravenna
Ancona
Mediolanum
Tingis
Gades
Thessalonice
Athenes
DamascosBerytus 17 days
11 days
9 days 4 d
ays
20 days
East RomanEmpire
BurgundyKdm.
FranconianKdm.
OstrogothEmp.
532
persian-attack
awarian-attack
533
535
534
534
532
550
551
552
554
WestgothKdm.
VandalEmp.
BasquesSuebi
Alexandria
Antioch
ConstantinoplaRoma
Ravenna
Athenes
Damascos
Bosra
Gepids
Bulgarians
Huns
Alanians
Arabians
Berbers
Persians
Sassanid Emp.
Slavs
Baltic germans
Thuringians
Saxons
Danes
Bretons
Anglo-Saxons
Langorbards
hinterland of cities
landway
see- riverway
bigger than 100.000
caravanway
languageborder
bigger than 30.000
city
Roman Emp. 200 B.C.
acquisitions t.100 B.C.
acquisitions t. 14 A.D.
acquisitions t. 117 A.D.
temp. acquisitions
under Sassanid occupation
reconquest by Justinian 534
reconquest by Justinian 554
Roman Emp. after Justinian. 565
Persian Attack
Avarian Attack
patriarchy
Constantine‘s fort
East Roman Empire
Burgundy Kdm.
Franconian Kdm.
Ostrogoth Emp.
Vandal Emp.
Westgoth Emp.
other German groups
hinterland of cities
landway
see- riverway
bigger than 100.000
caravanway
languageborder
bigger than 30.000
city
Roman Emp. 200 B.C.
acquisitions t.100 B.C.
acquisitions t. 14 A.D.
acquisitions t. 117 A.D.
temp. acquisitions
under Sassanid occupation
reconquest by Justinian 534
reconquest by Justinian 554
Roman Emp. after Justinian. 565
Persian Attack
Avarian Attack
patriarchy
Constantine‘s fort
East Roman Empire
Burgundy Kdm.
Franconian Kdm.
Ostrogoth Emp.
Vandal Emp.
Westgoth Emp.
other German groups
hinterland of cities
landway
see- riverway
bigger than 100.000
caravanway
languageborder
bigger than 30.000
city
Roman Emp. 200 B.C.
acquisitions t.100 B.C.
acquisitions t. 14 A.D.
acquisitions t. 117 A.D.
temp. acquisitions
under Sassanid occupation
reconquest by Justinian 534
reconquest by Justinian 554
Roman Emp. after Justinian. 565
Persian Attack
Avarian Attack
patriarchy
Constantine‘s fort
East Roman Empire
Burgundy Kdm.
Franconian Kdm.
Ostrogoth Emp.
Vandal Emp.
Westgoth Emp.
other German groups
hinterland of cities
landway
see- riverway
bigger than 100.000
caravanway
languageborder
bigger than 30.000
city
Roman Emp. 200 B.C.
acquisitions t.100 B.C.
acquisitions t. 14 A.D.
acquisitions t. 117 A.D.
temp. acquisitions
under Sassanid occupation
reconquest by Justinian 534
reconquest by Justinian 554
Roman Emp. after Justinian. 565
Persian Attack
Avarian Attack
patriarchy
Constantine‘s fort
East Roman Empire
Burgundy Kdm.
Franconian Kdm.
Ostrogoth Emp.
Vandal Emp.
Westgoth Emp.
other German groups
Roma conquers southern Italy (Greek colonies)Roma and Carthage fight the first Punic war
Gauls invade Romeinvading Gauls are defeated
Hannibal invades Italy and the Gauls of n.Italy ally with him
Rome defeats the Macedonian King Philip VCelts of Spain are Subjugated
Roma conquers Greece after the battle of CorithCartague is destroyed
slave revolt in Socilybegining of mediterranean expansion
social wars in ItalySpartacus leads the revolt of the gladiators
Roman general Pompey annexed the western part of Syria Damascus incorporated into league of Decapolis
Berytus conquered by Agrippa Pompeus captures Jerusalem and anexes Palestine
first war against Persia
Caesar becomes dictator of RomeCaesar invades Egipt and proclaims Cleopatra queen
Rome tries to invade PersiaCleopatra commits suicide and Egipt is anexed to Rome
Augustus the first EmperorRoma and Persia fixes the boundary along Euphrates
Augustus expands borders to region of DanubeJesus is born
Roma has 1 Million People
Augustus expands in the Balkansfive million people live in the whole empire
Jesus CrucifiedCaligula transferred Damascus to Nabataean control
Claudius invades Britain
Romans conquer Armeniafirst Christian persucution
Tito destroys JerusalemJews spread to the whole empire
Trajan anexes Dacia Nabataea Damascus returned to Roma
Trajan conquers Mesopotamia
jewish revolt against Rome
plaguefirst Atack to Rome by the Barbarians
second Attack against Rome by the BarbariansCaracalla grants citizenship on all free people of the Empire
Severus murders King Abgar IX of Edesa
Decius order the first empire-wide persecution of ChristiansSassanids defeat Romans and conquer Dura Europorus
in Mesopotamia
Romans destroy the city of Palmyra
REPUBLIC
OF
ROME
EMPIRE
Augustus
Tiberius Caligula Claudius
Nero
Galba Otho / Vitellius / Vespasian Titus Domitian Nerva Trajan
Hadrian Antoninus Pius
Marcus Aurelius
Commodus Pertinax / Didius Julian Septimius Severus
Caracalla
Macrinus Elagabalus Alexander Severus
Maximin Gordian I / II / Pupienus Balbinus / Gordian III Philipp “Arabs” Decius
Hostilian / Gallus Aemilian / Valerian
Gallienus Claudius II Quintillus / Aurelian
Tacitus Florian / Probus
275264
225222218
196175
149146138
90736564
6353
49473630272013
6143337
43
5864
79
106107115
132
164167
212214
225
256259
273
27
333741
54
686979819698
117132
161
180192193
211
217218222
235238
244249
251253
259268270
275276
250
200
150
100
50
BC
0
AD
50
100
150
200
250
The Roman government wanted Roman culture to flourish in the farthest reaches of the empire, which at the time included east-ern Palestine. So they encour-aged the growth of ten cities, allowing them some political autonomy within the protective sphere of Rome. Each city func-tioned as a polis or city-state, with jurisdiction over an area of the surrounding countryside. Each city also minted its own coins.
Damascus became a metropolis by the beginning of the second century and in 222 it was up-graded to a colonia by the Em-peror Septimius Severus. Dur-ing the Pax Romana, Damascus and the Roman province of Syria in general began to pros-per. Damascus's importance as a caravan city was evident with the trade routes from southern Arabia, Palmyra, Petra, and the silk routes from China all con-verging on it.
EXPANSION
CRISIS
ByzANTIuM AND THE “RESTORATION OF THE EMPIRE”
The Roman and Byzantine EmpiresFrom The Republic till Trajan
DRAFT© ETH Studio Basel
12 13THE ROMAN AND BYZANTINE EMPIRES Santiago Espitia Berndt
empire divides into east and westpopulation of the Empire is around 60 million people15 million Christians
Constantine recognizes the Christian ChurchConstantine founds Constantinoplecapital ist moved to Constantinople
Visigoths defeat the Roman Army at Hadrianopolis
Empire is divided. Milan / Constantinople are capitalscapital ist moved to Ravenna Wdecline of Rome´s population to 100.000 W
Barbarians invades France form the north W
city Wall of Constantinople is being built EConstantinople has a million people Ewar against Sassanid Empire E
bataillon is defeated by Huns in Naissus E
Huns invades Italy WVandals sack Roma W
decline from West Roman Empire W
Ostrogoths led by Theodoric conquer Italy
anti-Jewish policies Antioch in Syria is destroyed by an earthquake Justinian decides to reconquer Italy Justinian shuts down the Academia of PlatoJustinian’s code of law “Corpus Juri Civilis” is published Belisarius destroys the Arian kingdom of the Vandals reconquers southern Spain and northern AfricaOstrogoths surrenderJustinian builds the church of Hagia Sophia Belisarius takes Ravenna from Ostrogothic plague decimates the Empire
city of Rome is reconqueredearthquake destroys Berytus end of Ostrogothic resistance in Italy
Alboin’s Lombards invade northern Italy
Sassanids capture JerusalemPersians capture EgyptVisigoths reconquer Spain from Roman empireSassanids besiege ConstantinopleRomans retake Syria from the SassanidsArabs capture Syria and Palestine
CarusNumerian/ Carinus
DiocletianMaximian
Constantius I / Galerius Severus / Maximian / Maxentius
Maximinus Daia Licinius / Constantine I /
Constantine II
Constantius II / Constans
JulianJovian
Valentinian I W . E Valens Gratian W / Valentinian II W
Theodosius WMaximus E Eugenius E
Arcadius E . W Honorius
Theodosius II E
Constantius III Johannes
Valentinian III W
Marcian E
Petronius W / Avitus W Majorian W . Leo I E
Severus WAnthemius W
Olybrius WGlycerius / Julius Nepos W
zeno ERomulus A. W . Basiliscus E
Anastasius I E
Justin I E
Justinian
Justin I
Tiberius IIMaurice
Phocas IHeraclius I
Constantine III / Heracleon/ Constans II
286
313324330
378
395
402
406
413
421
441
452455
476
493
525526527529533534535536537540542
551
552
568
614619621626628636
282283284285
305306308
311
337
361363364375
379383392395
408
421423425
450
455457461467472473474475
491
518
527
565
578582
602610
641
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
The region of Syria remained one of the most important prov-inces of the Byzantine Empire, although in the 6th century it was plagued by Sassanid Per-sian incursions during the Ro-man-Persian Wars. It was occu-pied by the Sassanids between 609 and 628, when recovered by the emperor Heraclius.
Diocletian created a new administrative system.After the abdication of Diocletian and Maximian, however, the tetrachy collapsed, and Constantine I replaced it with the dynastic principle of hereditary succession.
TETRARCHy
DIVISION
SHRINKING BORDERS
RESTORATIONJustinians reign is marked by the ambitious but ultimately failed renovatio imperii. This ambition was expressed in the partial recovery of the territories of the Western Roman Empire, including the city of Rome itself. A still more resonant aspect of his legacy was the uniform rewriting of Roman law, the Corpus Juris Civilis. His reign also marked a blossoming of Byzantine culture.
Theodosius' death brought the Empire into the less skilled hands of his sons Honorius and Arcadius. Their personal hostil-ity was resolved by a decision to divide the Empire irrevocably into two parts. Arcadius became Emperor of the Eastern Empire, which soon became known as the Byzantine Empire. Honorius assumed the throne of the new Western Empire--just 81 years before its demise at the hands of Odoacer.
10 Km 50 Km
borders 1st. century
borders after Trajan
main street-way
main city
member of Decapolis league
middle East 1st. & 2nd. Century
city
town
Syria
Arabia
Judaea
Canatha
Caesarea Philipi
Dion
Bethsaida
Ptolemais
Raphana
Gadara
Sepphoris
Tiberia
Caesarea
Sychar
Shechem
Ephraim
Jericho
Qumaran
Machaerus
Lydda
Joppa
EmmausJerusalem
Beersheba
Bethlehem
Jamnia
Gaza
Masaba
Pella
BethabaraScythopolis
Gerasa
Damascus
Bosra
Tyre
Berytus
Capernum
Hyppos
Nazareth
Balbek
PHOENICIA
GAULANITIS
SYRIA
ARABIA
JUDAEA
DECAPOLIS
PEREA
JUDEA
SUMARIA
NABATEA
IDUMEA
PHILISTIA
Jabbok
Philadelphia
DeadSea
Galileesea
1 Km 5Km
1.5 Km
Constantinople
Wal
l of C
onst
antin
e
Marmarm
eer
Bosporus
Wal
l of
Theo
dosi
us II
Roma
Antioch
Tiber
The Roman and Byzantine Empiresfrom constantine to the end of the Empire
DRAFT© ETH Studio Basel