Byzantine & Muslim empires
description
Transcript of Byzantine & Muslim empires
![Page 1: Byzantine & Muslim empires](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56816358550346895dd40e7f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
BYZANTINE & MUSLIM EMPIRESChapter 10
![Page 2: Byzantine & Muslim empires](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56816358550346895dd40e7f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Byzantine Empire OBJECTIVES: Discover how Constantinople became so
powerful Discover the achievements of the age of
Justinian
![Page 3: Byzantine & Muslim empires](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56816358550346895dd40e7f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Byzantine Empire (Constantine) Greek Fire Why Constantinople was located where it
was (trade center) Constantine's capital Good Emperors account for some of the
success Medieval times (period of time following
the fall of the western half of the Roman empire, 476 A.D. to about 1500 A.D.)
![Page 4: Byzantine & Muslim empires](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56816358550346895dd40e7f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Age of Justinian As Rome fell, Constantinople got
stronger In a line of many great rulers, Justinian
was one of the greatest Born poor, it gave him the ability to
listen to all people Justinian’s code
![Page 5: Byzantine & Muslim empires](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56816358550346895dd40e7f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Byzantine Culture Kept copies of all ancient Greek and
Roman works, mixed with Christian ideas it made Constantinople a very knowledge rich area
When the empire declined the documents were taken to Italy and helped start the renaissance
![Page 6: Byzantine & Muslim empires](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56816358550346895dd40e7f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The later Years of the Empire The Great Schism (split) Second Golden age The fall (Attacks from the North
“Russians” the West “Christian Crusaders” and the East “Turks and Muslims”)
Constantinople fell and became the capital of the Ottoman Empire
![Page 7: Byzantine & Muslim empires](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56816358550346895dd40e7f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Check For Understanding Pg 289 1 A/B 2 A/B 3 A/B
![Page 8: Byzantine & Muslim empires](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56816358550346895dd40e7f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Start of Islam The Prophet Muhammad Messenger to the people Started in the Arabian Peninsula Taught to worship 1 God (Poly or Mono?) After Muhammad’s death the religion
spread
![Page 9: Byzantine & Muslim empires](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56816358550346895dd40e7f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Arabian Peninsula Life Support Bedouins (nomadic desert people) Became guides for Caravans
![Page 10: Byzantine & Muslim empires](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56816358550346895dd40e7f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
MECCA Was an important trading post turned
city People travelled from the Mecca to other
places
![Page 11: Byzantine & Muslim empires](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56816358550346895dd40e7f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Muhammad Travelling Merchant trader Went to the mountains to pray alone At age 40 God spoke to him through an
angel Followers of Muhammad became known
as Muslims Muslims religion or a person who
“submits” became known as Islam People go to the Mecca to pray to Kaaba
![Page 12: Byzantine & Muslim empires](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56816358550346895dd40e7f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Hijra Hijra mean “the migration” The city of Yathrib changed to Medina
“city of the prophet” Became year 1 on the Muslin calendar
![Page 13: Byzantine & Muslim empires](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56816358550346895dd40e7f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Muslim Beliefs Muezzin (myoo ez in) Pray 5 times a day to Allah Mosque There is only one God They kneel and face toward the Mecca
![Page 14: Byzantine & Muslim empires](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56816358550346895dd40e7f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The 5 Pillars of Islam
![Page 15: Byzantine & Muslim empires](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56816358550346895dd40e7f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The Quran Islamic Bible Lists Muhammad’s conversations with
God Includes stories, promises, warnings, and
instructions The respect Jews and Christians as
“people of the book”
![Page 16: Byzantine & Muslim empires](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56816358550346895dd40e7f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Role of Women Before Islam Quran Taught:
Women are spiritually equal Women could own or inherit property Women could be educated Women would not be forced to marry Women could divorce
![Page 17: Byzantine & Muslim empires](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56816358550346895dd40e7f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Muslim Split The Muslim leader Uthman was
assassinated and a debate over who would lead ensued
2 new groups Shiites- felt the new leader should be a
direct descendent of Muhammad Sunnis- any truly religious man who
followed Muhammad could be the leader (85% of Muslims are Sunnis)
![Page 18: Byzantine & Muslim empires](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56816358550346895dd40e7f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Check For Understanding 1. A/B 2. A/B/C
![Page 19: Byzantine & Muslim empires](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56816358550346895dd40e7f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Muslim Civilization Within 150 years of Muhammad's death, his new
religion had spread many miles all directions How? Arabic traders Arab armies (failed at attacking Constantinople)
but converted most of the Mediterranean sea coast to Islam.
Their advancement stopped when they reached France and were stopped by the European armies.
![Page 20: Byzantine & Muslim empires](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56816358550346895dd40e7f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Reasons for Success Lack of a powerful empire to stop them Arab peoples began to work together Allowed people to have what ever beliefs
they wanted (though there were rules)
![Page 21: Byzantine & Muslim empires](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56816358550346895dd40e7f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The Golden Age From 800 to 1000 there were great
advances in mathematics, science, architecture, and lasting literature.
Why so much success? Muslim Caliphs- Muslim rulers during this
time period (successors to Muhammad) Muslim Empire capital was Baghdad, easily
accessible by all sorts of routes. This led to a booming trading atmosphere
with a multitude of products
![Page 22: Byzantine & Muslim empires](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56816358550346895dd40e7f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
The Golden Age Al Khwarizmi- wrote a book on
arithmetic, and also helped invent algebra
Sufis – Muslims who thought they could draw closer to God through fasting, prayer, and the simple life
![Page 23: Byzantine & Muslim empires](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56816358550346895dd40e7f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Ottoman Empire 1200’s, the last Caliph was killed by the
Mongols(Central Asian People) Mongols conquered the Middle East and
also moved into the Byzantine and took over as well
Sultan (ruler of Ottoman Empire) Southern Europe, The Middle East, North
Africa were all controlled by the Sultan Rose to power using Religious and
Cultural tolerance
![Page 24: Byzantine & Muslim empires](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062222/56816358550346895dd40e7f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Re-Read Chapter 10!!!!