The Byzantine Empire The Byzantine Empire Ch. 21 The Byzantine Empire.

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The Byzantine Empire The Byzantine Empire Ch. 21 Ch. 21

Transcript of The Byzantine Empire The Byzantine Empire Ch. 21 The Byzantine Empire.

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The Byzantine EmpireThe Byzantine EmpireCh. 21Ch. 21

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What are the advantages of building a major city here?

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I. ConstantinopleI. Constantinople• Constantine chose Byzantium as capital of Eastern Constantine chose Byzantium as capital of Eastern

Roman EmpireRoman Empire– Linked black and Mediterranean SeasLinked black and Mediterranean Seas– Defense Defense – Trade WealthTrade Wealth

• Named Constantinople after ConstantineNamed Constantinople after Constantine• City modeled after RomeCity modeled after Rome

– BathhousesBathhouses– Hippodrome for chariot racingHippodrome for chariot racing

• Different than RomeDifferent than Rome– RicherRicher– More urbanMore urban– Able to defend easierAble to defend easier– Christian cityChristian city

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Great BazaarGreat Bazaar

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Bosphorus Bridge connecting Bosphorus Bridge connecting IstanbulIstanbul

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View of the BosporusView of the Bosporus

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Ancient Byzantine WallAncient Byzantine Wall

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Hagia SophiaHagia Sophia

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Hagia SophiaHagia Sophia

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Hagia SophiaHagia Sophia

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Hagia Sophia- interiorHagia Sophia- interior

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Mosaic of Christ found in Hagia Mosaic of Christ found in Hagia SophiaSophia

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Byzantine clothingByzantine clothing

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Who is our greatest Who is our greatest PresidentPresident• George BushGeorge Bush

• George WashingtonGeorge Washington

• Bill ClintonBill Clinton Why????? Why?????

• Abe LincolnAbe Lincoln

• Franklin RooseveltFranklin Roosevelt

• Tom JeffersonTom Jefferson

• Others? Others?

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II. II. Justinian- Greatest Byzantine Justinian- Greatest Byzantine EmperorEmperor

• 527 becomes Emperor527 becomes Emperor– Regain Roman landsRegain Roman lands

•General Belisarius regains N. Africa General Belisarius regains N. Africa and Romeand Rome

•Uses Greek fire to defeat enemiesUses Greek fire to defeat enemies

•Head of church and stateHead of church and state

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– Justinian CodeJustinian Code

•Legal experts assembled to simplify Legal experts assembled to simplify Roman LawRoman Law

•400 years of Laws into 4 books400 years of Laws into 4 books

•Marriage, divorce, slavery, criminal Marriage, divorce, slavery, criminal justice, etc.justice, etc.

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Really silly Pennsylvania Really silly Pennsylvania Laws!Laws!

•Motorized vehicles are not to be sold on Sundays.Motorized vehicles are not to be sold on Sundays.

•It it illegal to sleep on top of a refrigerator outdoors.It it illegal to sleep on top of a refrigerator outdoors.

•You may not catch a fish with your hands.You may not catch a fish with your hands.

•Any motorist driving along a country road at night must stop every mile and send up a rocket Any motorist driving along a country road at night must stop every mile and send up a rocket signal, wait 10 minutes for the road to be cleared of livestock, and continue.signal, wait 10 minutes for the road to be cleared of livestock, and continue.

•You may not catch a fish by any body part except the mouth.You may not catch a fish by any body part except the mouth.

•A special cleaning ordinance bans housewives from hiding dirt and dust under a rug in a A special cleaning ordinance bans housewives from hiding dirt and dust under a rug in a dwelling.dwelling.

•Dynamite is not to be used to catch fish.Dynamite is not to be used to catch fish.

•You may not sing in the bathtub.You may not sing in the bathtub.

•Though you do not need a fishing license to fish on your own land, but a hunting license is Though you do not need a fishing license to fish on your own land, but a hunting license is required to hunt on your own land.required to hunt on your own land.

•Fireworks stores may not sell fireworks to Pennsylvania residents.Fireworks stores may not sell fireworks to Pennsylvania residents.

•A person is not eligible to become Governor if he/she has participated in a duel.A person is not eligible to become Governor if he/she has participated in a duel.

•Any motorist who sights a team of horses coming toward him must pull well off the road, cover Any motorist who sights a team of horses coming toward him must pull well off the road, cover his car with a blanket or canvas that blends with the countryside, and let the horses pass.his car with a blanket or canvas that blends with the countryside, and let the horses pass.

•Ministers are forbidden from performing marriages when either the bride or groom is drunk.Ministers are forbidden from performing marriages when either the bride or groom is drunk.

•No more than two packages of beer at a time may be purchased, unless you are buying from an No more than two packages of beer at a time may be purchased, unless you are buying from an official “beer distributor”.official “beer distributor”.

•It is contrary to Pennsylvania law to discharge a gun, cannon, revolver or other explosive It is contrary to Pennsylvania law to discharge a gun, cannon, revolver or other explosive weapon at a wedding.weapon at a wedding.

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Laws about Justinian Code American Laws

Women’s Rights All women can own property, make contracts and will, and bring a lawsuit.

All women can own property, make contracts and wills, bring a lawsuit. Women are

guaranteed the same right as men.

Robbery Robbery was not a crime. The victim could sue the robber for up to four

times the values of the stolen property.

Robbery is a crime and is punishable by a fine and/ or a prison sentence.

Failure to pay debts People owed something had to the person owing them to gain debt back.

People owed something had to the person owing them to gain debt back.

Murder Murder was punished by banishment Murder is punished by a prison sentence or death.

Inheritance Women could not inherit property from their husbands unless it was

provided in a will. Children received equal amounts of the father’s estate.

Standard law allows wives and children to divide an estate. Other directions can be

provided for in a will.

1.) How are the rights of women similar under the Justinian Code and current American law?2.) What is the difference in the treatment of robbery between the two law systems?3.) Under which law system could women benefit most from an inheritance? Why?4.) Which current law has basically unchanged when compared to the Justinian Code?5.) Which legal system is “softer” on murderers?6.) Why was the Justinian Code “new” and somewhat “radical” for the time it wasintroduce in 533 A.D.?

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– Public Works ProgramsPublic Works Programs

•Enlarges his palaceEnlarges his palace

•Builds baths, aqueducts, hospitals, Builds baths, aqueducts, hospitals, schools, etc.schools, etc.

•Refortifies ConstantinopleRefortifies Constantinople

•Rebuilds Hagia SophiaRebuilds Hagia Sophia

•Builds HippodromeBuilds Hippodrome– Chariot racesChariot races– 60,000 people60,000 people

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• Marriage to TheodoraMarriage to Theodora– She was poorShe was poor– Fell in loveFell in love– Abolished law prohibiting them from Abolished law prohibiting them from

marryingmarrying– Behind every good man is a ????Behind every good man is a ????

•Rights for womenRights for women

•Nika RevolutionNika Revolution

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Justinian CodeJustinian Code

IX. The Power of Parents.Our children, begotten in lawful marriage, are in our power. 1. Marriage, or matrimony, is a binding together of a man

and woman to live in an indivisible union. 2. The power which we have over our children is peculiar to the citizens of Rome; for no other people have a power over

their children, such as we have over ours. 3. The child born to you and your wife is in your power. And

so is the child born to your son of his wife, that is, your grandson or granddaughter; so are your great-

grandchildren, and all your other descendants. But a child born of your daughter is not in your power, but in the

power of its own father.

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Justinian CodeJustinian Code

Book I, Of Persons VIII. Slaves 1. Slaves are in the power of masters, a power derived from the law of nations: for among all nations it may be remarked that masters have the power of life and death over their slaves, and that everything acquired by the slave is acquired for the master. Book II, Of Things I. Division of Things 28. If the wheat of Titius is mixed with yours, when this takes place by mutual consent, the mixed heap belongs to you in common because each body, that is, each grain, which before was the property of one or other of you, has by your mutual consent been made your common property; but, if the intermixture were accidental, or made by Titius without your consent, the mixed wheat does not then belong to you both in common; because the grains still remain distinct, and retain their proper substance. ...if either of you keep the whole quantity of mixed wheat, the other has a real actio [claim or suit] for the amount of wheat belonging to him, but it is in the province of the judge to estimate the quality of the wheat belonging to each.  

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III. The ChurchIII. The Church

• Byzantine Empire was a Christian EmpireByzantine Empire was a Christian Empire– Emperor was chosen by GodEmperor was chosen by God– Monasteries played important rolesMonasteries played important roles

• Ran schoolsRan schools• Cared for poorCared for poor• Artists and writersArtists and writers

• Conflict breaks outConflict breaks out– West spoke Latin, East spoke GreekWest spoke Latin, East spoke Greek– Should icons be used in worship service?Should icons be used in worship service?– Who was the head of the church?Who was the head of the church?Roman Catholicism and Eastern OrthodoxRoman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodox

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Don’t need to copy- The Great Schism of Don’t need to copy- The Great Schism of 10541054– Eastern Greek Orthodox Eastern Greek Orthodox

ChurchChurch

• Based in ConstantinopleBased in Constantinople

• Official language – Official language – GreekGreek

• Church led by a Church led by a Patriarch referred to as Patriarch referred to as a Bishopa Bishop

• Bishops couldn’t marry.Bishops couldn’t marry.

• Priests could marry.Priests could marry.

• Scriptures were the Scriptures were the final authority on all final authority on all matters.matters.

• Emperor or political Emperor or political ruler was above the ruler was above the Bishop.Bishop.

• Rejected the use of Rejected the use of icons.icons.

– Roman Catholic Roman Catholic ChurchChurch• Based in RomeBased in Rome

• Official language – Official language – LatinLatin

• Church led by a Pope Church led by a Pope referred to as Father.referred to as Father.

• Church leaders could Church leaders could not marry.not marry.

• Only Pope and Bishops Only Pope and Bishops could interpret the could interpret the scriptures.scriptures.

• The Pope was the The Pope was the Supreme head of Supreme head of Church - above any Church - above any political ruler.political ruler.

• Religious icons Religious icons accepted.accepted. 28

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Which church is which?Which church is which?

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Orthodox Church and Orthodox Church and OfficialsOfficials

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IV. Decline of the EmpireIV. Decline of the Empire• ReasonsReasons

– Christians and Muslims go to War Christians and Muslims go to War Crusades Crusades

– Muslims capture Constantinople in 1453 Muslims capture Constantinople in 1453 with the use of gunpowderwith the use of gunpowder

• ContributionsContributions– Preserve Greek and Roman culturePreserve Greek and Roman culture– Emphasized educationEmphasized education– Spread ideasSpread ideas