The Rise of the Industrial Revolution Preview:
-
Upload
kasimir-buckley -
Category
Documents
-
view
17 -
download
0
description
Transcript of The Rise of the Industrial Revolution Preview:
The Rise of the Industrial The Rise of the Industrial RevolutionRevolution
Preview: –Identify the top 3 inventions op 3 inventions
of all time that have affected of all time that have affected your life (Explain why for your life (Explain why for each)each)
Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution—a time of great economic, technological, and social changes that began in England between 1780 & 1840 and eventually spread throughout Europe and the USA. During this time, power-driven machinery in factories replaced work done in homes
Video #1 Introduction to the Video #1 Introduction to the Industrial Revolution (1.00)Industrial Revolution (1.00)
The Rise of the The Rise of the Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution
Pre-Industrial Society
Video #2 Life Before the Video #2 Life Before the Industrial Revolution (1.37)Industrial Revolution (1.37)
Farming in the Middle Ages During the Middle Ages, most of
Europe was organized into farming villages on feudal manors
The manor produced all the food necessary to feed the feudal population (subsistence farming)
1 of 3 manor fields was left fallow (empty) so the field could regain its fertility after being harvested
Animals grazed in these pastures
The The Three Three Field Field
SystemSystem
Farming in the Middle Ages Disadvantages:
–Farmers did not use all their available land at all times (the three-field system was inefficient)
–Farmers did not experiment with new farming methods
Farming in the Middle Ages An Agricultural Revolution began
in England & spread throughout Europe because: –The population of England was
increasing & more food was needed to feed the people
–Napoleon’s Continental System cut off food imports from Europe into England, so England had to produce more food for itself
The Agricultural Revolution
The Agricultural Revolution Enclosure Movement:
–Farmers were losing large amounts of crops after animals trampled them; So wealthy landlords fenced in common pastures & experimented with new farming technology
–Villages lost common lands & peasants became poorer; But, more food was produced
The Agricultural Revolution Having one field fallow, farmers were
not using all available land; BUT planting crops in all fields took nutrients out of the soil
Crop Rotation (“Scientific Farming”)Crop Rotation (“Scientific Farming”)—Every season, farmers used all fields but changed what crops are in what fields (Fields depleted of nutrients by 1 crop are replenished by a different crop); More crops produced
The Agricultural Revolution Other Discoveries & Innovations :
–Jethro Tull invented the seed drill; made planting seeds more efficient
–Use of new crops (American corn & potatoes grew well in Europe)
Results of Agricultural Revolution:–More food was available & the
population increased (death rate declined as fewer people starved)
#1
Cottage Industry and Capitalism
Cottage Industry and Capitalism Capitalism is an economic system
based on private ownership of businesses, free competition, & maximizing profits
The cottage industry is an example of early form of capitalism
#3 Textile Industry Video (1.37)
Cottage Industry and Capitalism What is the Cottage Industry?
–Merchants buy materials (wool, cotton) & take to cottages to be spun
–Take new yarn from spinners to weavers (make cloth), then to dyers to color the cloth, then to sewers to make finished product (shirt, pants)
–Then, they sell the product for more than material & labor costs = profits
Cottage Industry and Capitalism Effects of the Cottage Industry:
–Big profits for new class of merchants (ProfitsProfits + New Investment = Bigger ProfitBigger Profit)
–New source of income for peasants in addition to farming
The Textile Industry and
Factory System
Textile Industry and Factory System The 1st Industry was in Textiles:
–Cottage industry couldn’t keep up with demand for textiles (clothes)
–New machines were invented to improve spinning & weaving
–Cotton Gin separated seeds from cotton; made cotton profitable; increased need for slave labor
#4 Revolution in Textile Industry (1.59)#6 Cotton Gin (1.29)
1721 - Tull - seed drill
1733 -Kay - flying shuttle
1764 -Hargreaves - spinning jenny
1769 -Arkwright -water frame
1769 - Watt - steam engine
1779 - Crompton - spinning mule
1785 - Cartwright - power loom
1793 - Whitney - cotton gin
1804 - Trevithick - steam locomotive
John Kay’s Flying Shuttle
• The Flying Shuttle was invented in 1733
• The Flying Shuttle was a piece of wood that held yarn
• The shuttle was woven in and out of the yarn tied to the
loom
• It allowed the weaver to work twice as fast
Spinning Wheel
Spinning Jenny
James Hargreaves’ Spinning Jenny
• The Spinning Jenny was invented in 1764.
• It was a faster spinning wheel.
• This machine could spin 80 threads at a time.
• Humans could spin only 1 thread at a time.
• This machine was hand operated.
Richard Arkwright’s Water Frame
• Richard Arkwright invented the water frame in 1769.
• This invention used water power from a fast flowing
stream to drive the spinning wheels.
Spinning Mule
Samuel Crompton’s Spinning Mule
• The Spinning Mule was invented in 1779.
• This machine combined the Spinning Jenny and the
water frame.
• This machine was used to make stronger, finer thread.
Power Loom
Edmund Cartwright’s Power Loom
• The Power Loom was invented in 1785.
• This new loom made weaving much faster.
• It ran on waterpower.
• In 1813, 2000 looms were in use in English factories.
• By 1833, 100,000 looms were in use in England.
Cotton Gin
Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin
• The Cotton Gin was invented in 1793.
• This machine removed seeds from cotton.
• Prior to this invention, seeds had to be removed by hand.
• Removing the seeds by hand took a lot of time.
• The Cotton Gin allowed for the cleaning of 10 times more cotton per day.
Textile Industry and Factory System Rise of the Factory:
–New machines were put in factories (too big for homes) & relied on water power so factories located near water sources
Effects of Factories in Britain:–Mass-produced textiles were much
cheaper than hand-made products–Villagers lost part of income & were
forced to find jobs in urban factories
Land-Use MapActivity