Innovations of the Industrial Innovations of the Industrial RevolutionRevolution

Preview: –What was life like in England What was life like in England

before the Industrial Revolution?before the Industrial Revolution?–What was the Agricultural What was the Agricultural

Revolution? How did it impact Revolution? How did it impact the Industrial Revolution? the Industrial Revolution?

–What was the first industry to What was the first industry to begin to industrialize?begin to industrialize?

Factory Work

Steam Engine: New Energy

Steam Power

Steam Engine: New EnergyNeed for Energy:Need for Energy: Early factories relied on horses,

water; Needed more powerEffects of Steam Engine:Effects of Steam Engine: Steam engine invented by James

Watt; made production faster and more efficient

Improved mining which was used to fuel other industries

Iron and Coal: Energy for the

Industrial Revolution

Iron and Coal: Energy for the Industrial Revolution

The Need for Iron and Coal:The Need for Iron and Coal: Farm tools, factory machines,

railways, powers steam engines, used to smelt iron—makes pure

Effect:Effect: Britain produced more iron than

all of other countries of world combinedcombined

Transportation

TransportationThe Need for Better Transportation:The Need for Better Transportation: Pre-Industrial transportation relied on

horses, mules, dirt roads Factory owners want to move goods

quickly & cheaply to increased profitsInnovations:Innovations: Stone, asphalt roads Canals—man-made rivers Railroad—first built in 1829

TransportationEffects of Railroads:Effects of Railroads: Expanded rapidly throughout Britain Cheaper transportation increased

production & profits in factories RR increased other industries: coal,

steam engines, iron, steel

Two New Inventions

Two New Inventions “Concepts”SteelSteel – Henry Bessemer developed

steel by adding carbon to hot iron – much stronger & lighter than iron

Interchangeable Interchangeable Parts –Parts – Henry Ford developed identical parts to his automobiles that could be easily built on assembly line & easily replaced

Why did Britain lead the

Industrial Revolution?

Why did Britain lead the Industrial Revolution?

Factors of ProductionFactors of ProductionBritain had all of the FACTORS

OF PRODUCTION necessary for an Industrial Revolution: land, labor and capital (wealth).

Abundant Natural Resources

Industrialized countries needed 3 important natural resources:

• Water-power

• Coal

• Iron Ore

Natural Resources

Water power and coal for the new machines

Iron ore to construct machines, tools and building

Rivers for transportation Harbors for trade

Favorable Geography

Britain is an island nation.

She had many fine harbors and 6,000 merchant ships.

These ships sailed to every part of the globe.

Overseas trade gave Britain access to raw materials and markets.

Favorable Climate For New Ideas

The British were interested in science and technology.

They founded the Royal Society – world famous “club” for exchanging ideas and inventions.

The wealthy British invested in new inventions.

Effective Banking System

•Great Britain had the most highly developed banking system in Europe.

•Encouraged bank loans to invest in new machinery

•Loaning money at a reasonable interest rate encouraged people to invest in new inventions.

•Growing overseas trade

Politically Stable

The British lived in a century of peace. No wars occurred ON British soil in the 1700’s.

Freedom from the expense of war allowed them to concentrate their money on new technology.

Their government favored economic growth.

It passed laws supporting and encouraging new investments.

Colonial Empire:Colonial Empire: Colonies supplied raw materials for

manufactured goods Colonies provided markets for finished

goods to be sold

Advantages of Industrializing First:Advantages of Industrializing First: No other countries were competing for

manufactured goods Had a monopoly on new technology

Huge profits!!

Inventions Revolutionized the Textile Industry

Britain became a world leader in raising sheep

Wool became a major trading product

Cotton becomes popular for lighter weight clothing

Children Coal Miners