The Renaissance
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Transcript of The Renaissance
The RenaissanceChapter 10
I. Introduction
Rinascimento- The Rebirth Spanned from the late 1300’s to late 1600’s
The Renaissance more or less began in Italy Spanned approximately between 1375-1527 Due to strategic placement on trade routes
The arts were funded by wealthy patrons De’ Medici Family
I. Introduction
The Renaissance was a revival of the arts, classical literature and a focus on the humanities. Humanities- study of the classics, language,
philosophy, law, visual arts and the performing arts
The Renaissance Man- well rounded and knowledgeable in humanities and science Leonardo Da Vinci was a prime example
II. The Arts
II. The Arts
Medieval art 1 dimensional Stiff, unrealistic Lack of depth Gold illumination (to
represent heaven) Predominantly religious
focus
The Crucifixion with Saints Clare and Francis of Assisi, ca. 1320
II. The Arts
Giotto (1266-1336) Father of Renaissance painting Worked on realism with depth
Chiaroscuro Light-dark Gave depth to painting Marriage at
Cana
II. The Arts
Donatello (1386-1466) first great master of Renaissance
sculpture David – first free standing nude since
antiquity First step in direction of Renaissance
imitation of Classical style
II. The Arts Leonardo da Vinci (1452 –1519)
Painter, Scientist/Engineer & inventor
Genius with a very short attention span
Had numerous inventions Weapons, vehicles, aircraft
Study anatomy and created detailed sketches
II. The Arts Michaelangelo Buonarroti (1475 –1564)
Sculptor and painter Designed the Pope’s bodyguard’s uniforms One of the most famous artist
II. The Arts
Raphael (1483 –1520) Painter and Architect
School of Athens
II. The Arts
Northern European Art Differing style than Italy
Colors and overall style Jan van Eyck (1395-1441) Albrecht Durer (1471-1528)
II. The Arts Jan van Eyck
Flemish painter Very detailed (single hair brushes)
II. The Arts
Albrecht Durer German Painter, printmaker, engraver and
mathematician
III. Political Change
Italy Declines (1497-1527) Italy consisted of independent city-states
Eventually gained territory Usually joined forces against invaders (Turks)
Divided Milan, Naples and Florence vs. Venice and Papal
States Peace with Treaty of Lodi but ended due to
Ludovico il Moro (Milan) Other states allied against Ludovico Ludovico asked for French help (Naples) France becomes threat Charles VIII marched through Italy- upset balance
III. Political Change
Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527) Political Theorist The Prince
Satirical? End justifies means Patriotism
III. Political Change
Monarchies Rise of merchant classes and wealthy cities/towns More united states rather than feudalism
Stability important to business Pushed nobility from traditional roles
Conflict between nobility and monarchs Nobles did not want to pay tax Tax on lower classes Gabelle- salt tax (France) Alcabala- 10% sales tax (Spain)
III. Political Change
France Charles VII (r.1422-1461)
Successfully utilized administrative servants Professional army (Joan of Arc) Expanded territory- 100 Years’ War on
Conquered Burgundy France became a major world power
Fell apart by the mid 1500’s
III. Political Change
Spain Very divided until the marriage of Isabella of
Castile (r. 1474-1516) and Ferdinand of Aragon (r. 1479-1516) Son Charles I united Spain Reconquista- taking back Spanish land from
Muslims and Jews- Exiled Spanish Inquisition (1480-1834)- hunted
heretics- slowed reformation in Spain Christopher Columbus- Brought a lot of wealth
to Spain- started colonialism
III. Political Change
England War of the Roses (1455-1485)
Between the Lancaster (Red) and the Yorks (White)
Over Succession of the throne Ended with Henry Tudor (Henry VII-Lancaster)
Used the courts to his advantage Used laws to take noble land and did not have to
request money from parliament
III. Political Changes
Holy Roman Empire Neither Holy nor Roman
Germanic Very divided into cities and territories Charles IV and territorial leaders agreed on the
Golden Bull 7 member electoral college to elect new
emperors Offered some stability but only limited unity
IV. Education/Reforms
Johannes Gutenburg Printing Press(1440) Used moveable type First work printed was Bible
Allowed people to read the Bible and discuss it rather than blindly follow the church Increase in the focus of literacy
Allowed knowledge to be more readily
IV. Education/Reforms
Desiderius Erasmus (1466-1536) Dutch Priest Supported himself through tutoring
Colloquies- Latin dialogues to teach Latin and ways to live well
Adages- Proverbs Where there is smoke, there is fire
Made use of printing press to spread his reforms Spoke out against Church’s vain ceremonies
and bullying
IV. Education/Reforms
Erasmus continued… Study of Classics and Bible
True forms Translated New Testament in Latin and had it
parallel to original Greek Used by Martin Luther to translate Bible into
German All of his works have been banned by the
Catholic Church
V. European Exploration Europeans saw the luxury goods of Asia as a
result of Crusades Lacked high valued goods to trade
Had to pay in gold
Colonialism Needed gold to pay for luxury goods Looked for ways to the Indies to cut out Muslim
middle- man and their Venetian trading partners
V. European Exploration
Exploration and Colonialism Needed gold for luxury goods
Had to go look for it Were afraid of Muslims who controlled trade
routes Looked for alternative routes to the Indies
Vasco Da Gama- 1st European to reach India by sea
Henry the Navigator- sponsored 1/3 of Portugal’s voyages
Columbus- “discovered” new world due to miscalculating the circumference of the world
V. European Exploration
Initial exploration dominated by Portuguese Mostly began with Prince Henry the Navigator
Captured Cueta- For wealth and for “religion” Progress in Africa continued and resulted in
Slave Trade African Tribes would sell captured members of
other tribes Da Gama found a path around Africa to India
(1499) Gave Portugal control of Oceanic trade with
India
V. European Exploration
Spain Was missing out on trade with India
Due to Portugal’s control of trade around Africa Columbus told Isabella and Ferdinand that he
could get to India by going West Maps of the World’s were very inaccurate Landed in the Caribbean rather than India Started Spanish domination of South and
Central Americas
V. European Exploration
Spain Continued Explorers and the Conquistadores virtually
wiped out most of the native people Started to exploit the land and surviving
people Haciendas- large Spanish farms Encomienda- grants to create plantations using
a specific number of slaves for labor (Natives) Later brought Africans
V. European Exploration
Impact on Europe Initially brought prosperity but…
Lots of projects and innovations Large shipments of goods and bullion resulted
in excessive inflation Wages remained the same Monopolies formed
VI. Conclusion
What were some of the far reaching problems that resulted from European exploration?
How did the Renaissance lead to Europe regaining its power and prosperity?