The Renaissanc

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What do you know about the

Renaissance?

• The Renaissance was an important time period!!

-100 0 100 200–Middle Ages: 4th – 14th century– Renaissance : 15th – 16th century

• The Renaissance stretched from 1350 CE to 1600 CE– CE – Common Era.– BCE – Before Common Era• Era – a historical time period

1st Century (CE)

1 - 100 101 - 200

2ndCentury (CE)1st Century (BCE)

1 - 100

4th Century: Western & Eastern Empire

Middle Ages• Between the fall of the Roman

empire in the 4th century, to the beginning of the Renaissance in the 14th century, Europe was in the middle ages.

During this time, empires in northern Africa and Asia were flourishing,

The Silk Road• Starting in 300 BCE, when the Roman Empire

extended into the middle east, people in the west welcomed exotic goods from as far away as China and Japan– Silk, Glassware, Paper, Pepper, Cinnamon

• With the large number of people moving, goods weren’t the only thing that was moving along the silk road.– Ideas and Knowledge of religion, science and math,

technology, philosophy, and music– Disease like the Black Death started in Asia, and made its

way to Europe killing millions

Modern Day Silk Road Map

Silk Road Map

Think about it:• What are some products that are

from places other than Europe:THEN NOW

• Silk• Glassware•Paper• Pepper• Cinnamon

Role of the Islamic Civilization• In the Beginning of the 7th century, the Islamic

faith spread quickly• By 750 CE, it spread from Spain to Indonesia• The center of the Islamic empire was in the

crossroads of the silk road

• The Muslim middle men were everywhere on the route, and made the Muslim Empire very wealthy

• More importantly, it became a center of learning during the middle ages.

• Islamic scientists and scholars collected mathematical and astrological documents in libraries. They then studied and improved on them.– Astrolabe (Navigate by the stars)– Ibn Sina (980 – 1037), studied diseases and

the human body. He wrote medical texts that were used for hundreds of years

Q 1-2 pg 24

Refer to the map on pgs. 16-17

In your notebook answer the following:• How difficult was it to move goods from China

to Italy in the Middle Ages? Compare the transportation in the Middle Ages to today.

• How would the geographic location of the Islamic Empire made it a centre for leaning & discovery

• HW: What other inventions/discoveries can be attributed to the Islamic Empire in the Middle Ages?

Middle Ages: Religion• God was the centre of human existence• During the middle ages, a majority of

Europeans shared a religious worldview put in place by the Roman Catholic Church– The poor accepted they would suffer

and live short lives, but be rewarded in heaven

– The rich would donate money and land to the church, to be rewarded in heaven

• The Catholic Church was the institution that would educate, and employ– Roman Catholic Church had a large

amount of influence on art and architecture

– Almost every European thinker & artist worked for the Church = most the artwork has a strong religious connotation

• Roman Catholic Church also had a large amount of influence with Kings and their kingdoms (Often power struggles)

• No one questioned the importance of religion – No one disagreed with the Church's

ideas about the world (EVER!!)

• The head of the Church (POPE) was a very powerful man as the head of the church & ruler of the wealthy papal state (ROME)

The Crusades• Judaism, Christianity and Islam all grew

out of the same religious history, so they all thought they had a claim to the ‘Holy Land’ (Israel)

WHY?• To Christians, it was the place where Jesus was

crucified and ascended to heaven • To Muslims, it was the place where

Muhammad ascended to heaven • To Jews, it was the site of the

ancient temple built by Solomon

– Starting in 1095, under the order of the Pope, Christians in Europe organized crusades to recapture the area from Muslim control

Why?• For knights: chance to use their fighting

skills for a worthy cause. • For peasants: chance to escape from

their dreary life + the promise that if they died while fighting a holy war, they would automatically go to heaven.

• For others: chance to have an adventure, and get rich

• During the short time that the Christians occupied the Holy Land, thousands of pilgrims and entire armies traveled to Jerusalem– From these pilgrimages, Europeans were

exposed to many different cultures, foods, spices, exotic goods & cloths

– The travelers returned home with new ideas and new ways of thinking

Europeans become more aware of other cultures

• The Crusades occurred over approx. 200 years

• Relationships between Christians & Muslims developed during periods of Peace & period of War

• After the fall of the Roman empire, the feudal system developed. (a hierarchical class structure)– Monarchs granted land to nobles for military support– Alliances were formed through diplomacy between

wealthy land owners to give support to one central monarch.

KingHigher ClergyNoblesLesser

Nobles/Knights/ Clergy

Serfs/Peasants

Middle Ages: Social Structure

• Controlled all the laws and made all the big decisions

• Were advisors to the king and the eyes and ears for the Pope.

• Controlled land and paid taxes/provided military support to the King

• Controlled individual plots of land, leaders of faith, and protected the people

• 90% of the population– Peasants – worked hard but were able to

look for other occupations– Serfs – tied to their lords and had no

freedom

Lived in huge castles or fortified manor houses

Lived in huts outside of the walls. If they worked in the castle, they were able to live there as well

In the Feudal System people were not able to move there social classes and was split into rich and poor.

Pic. Pg 24

Black Plague

–Silk Road–Crusades–Black Plague

• All of this led to change in their worldview!!

• So in the 21st century, we see the Renaissance as the era when the modern western worldview began to develop

• It comes from the French word renaître– “to be born again”

Picture of Michelangelo showing a pupil the Belvedere Torso. The torso was created by an Athenian sculptor and was lost during the time of the fall of the Roman Empire. When found, it influenced the artists during the renaissance.

It was a rebirth of ideas that were discovered when Europeans came into contact with forgotten Greek and Roman ways of thinking, and ways of looking at the world.Discovered the ideas that were being kept by

Muslim, Jewish & Roman Catholic scholars.

Why did their Worldview Change

Trade• By the late middle ages, Europeans wanted more

exotic items that were brought back by the crusaders

• Many of the cities that grew were port cities.– Some people established businesses to provide

goods for city residents– Industries began to specialize in goods and

trade.– Workers began to find and create jobs that

were not part of the feudal system– Some communities became so prosperous and

powerful, they became city-states– Individuals begin to feel a sense of belonging

to their larger community

Urbanization• Many of the peasants

thought they could find safety and work in the cities

Land owners didn’t have workers, so they moved to the cities and started businesses

City-States Emerged• Cities prospered in Italy because;–Mountains to the north helped

protect Italy from invaders– Trading cities began to thrive

in Italy– The ruins from Roman times

reminded people of how effective that style of government was

– The feudal system was not strongin Italy due to urban lifestyle

– The pope moved his court to France leaving Italians without much interference from the Church

• Most of those city states were controlled by despots or by oligarchies

• Some of the city states in Italy signed a treaty, backed by the papacy, that would not allow any one city state to become powerful enough to threaten or overthrow any other city

Renaissance = Increased Contact

• Increased trade more people travelled = more exposure to different goods & materials

• Merchants grew wealthier could afford to visit other areas

• Towns & cities grew larger more daily contact with other people

• Warfare soldiers saw more different lands• Treaties were signed travel was safer• Diplomacy increased contacts in other lands• Royal families inter-married servants had to travel

with the family to different parts• Pope moved to Avingon people had to travel to

France, not Rome, to see him

How did the increased contact affect their

worldviews?CULTURE• Artwork included new materials & ideas from other

areas• Books & documents began from other areas, had

new ideas• New materials meant new fashion• Building styles & materials were inspired by other

architecture• New foods & spices to enjoySOCIAL SYSTEMS• Education included ideas from new areas & was

offered by other organizations• People were able to choose where to work• Feudal system began to fall apart

POLITICAL & ECONOMIC• Wealthy people became powerful• Church’s power weakened• City states became strong• Citizens became proud of where they lived

How did the Governments in Italy change? How did it affect their worldview• Government changed from republics to oligarchies

/despots• People had less say & control over government decisions• Wealthy merchants were able to purchase power• Stable government creates steady supply of jobsPOLITICAL & ECONOMIC• Central control & less power with the Church• People felt like citizens and not servants• Military to protect a state was importantCULTURE• Artisans & their products became valuable to the wealthySOCIAL SYSTEM• Wealthy leaders donated buildings, statues & paintings to

beautify their city-state

Social Systems

•Education•Medical•Social services •Social Classes

Political & Economic Systems

•Type of Government: Oligarchy, Despot OR Republic•Role of citizens•Employment•Trade•Services/Business•Military/Defense

Culture

•Language•Rules of behaviour•Religion•Arts •Architecture•Literature•Science

Social Systems Political & Economic Systems

Culture

Florence

•Merchant class gained status•Guilds (unions) organized•Nobles lived outside the city

•Centre for wool, cloth & silk•Banking•Ruled by Medici family= Oligarchy

•Painters, sculptors, architects•Patron of the arts

Venice

•3 social classes AristocratsOriginal citizensCommon people•Scuole provided support to members & the poor

•Doge as head of state = Oligarchy•Sea trade•Centre of book trade

•Religion – cathedrals built•Merchant class supported the arts•Carnevale celebrations

Genoa

•Social class system based on wealth

•Founded banks•Navy, shipbuilders, merchants•Clans/famillies controlled sections of the city, then dictator took over power = Despot

•Arts, architecture•University of Genoa

What the City States had in common:

• Located on important trade routes• Commercial centres• Populations of more than 100, 000 • Hierarchical social class systems• The wealthy were patrons of the arts

Unique Aspects of each City State:FLORENCE

• Richest city state• Centre of the Renaissance• Hilly area was good for sheep = wool• Good trading location on Arno River

VENICE• Canals as streets• Centre of trade between Asia & Europe• On shallow islands along coast of Adriatic Sea

GENOA• Strongest city state• Controlled other ports in the Mediterranean• On a narrow strip of land between sea & mountains• Crossroads between Europe & Mediterranean

How has Canada’s urbanization affect people &

their worldview• do not have much contact with the natural environment• Used to not knowing people in their community• May have to travel out of community to work, play, etc• Greater variety of jobs, larger variety of goods & servicesPOLITICAL & ECONOMIC• Expect wide variety of services, supports & job opportunities• May have less say in local government decisions CULTURE• More access to entertainment & recreational facilities• Architecture is more varied• More diverse cultures & many languages spokenSOCIAL SYSTEM• More schools, libraries, advanced education• Support for families & individuals in need• Need to provide services for homeless

Michael Angelo’s Pieta