THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION
description
Transcript of THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION
![Page 1: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062521/5681671e550346895ddb9c68/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
THEPROTESTANT
REFORMATION
![Page 2: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062521/5681671e550346895ddb9c68/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
ReformationEurope(Late 16c)
![Page 3: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062521/5681671e550346895ddb9c68/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Counter Reformation Approach #1
• The Inquisition– Spanish and Roman– Believed they were saving people’s souls– Burned at the stake and other torture techniques– Persecution of Jewish and Muslim converts– Those who confessed or were found guilty were
pronounced together in a public ceremony at the end of all the processes. Penances might consist of a pilgrimage, a public scourging, a fine, or the wearing of a cross.
![Page 4: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062521/5681671e550346895ddb9c68/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Approach #2
• Missionaries– Jesuits– Swear oaths of loyalty to the Pope– Loyola and The Spiritual Exercises– Missions in the New World
![Page 5: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062521/5681671e550346895ddb9c68/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Approach #3Council of TrentWould not reconcile with ProtestantsCurbed abuses with indulgencesSet up new schools for clergyConfirmed the authority of the PopeDefined Church teachings in the areas of Scripture and Tradition, Original Sin, Justification, Sacraments, the Eucharist in Holy Mass and the veneration of saints
![Page 6: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062521/5681671e550346895ddb9c68/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Approach #4
• Index of Prohibited Books
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_S81oSR2AA
![Page 7: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062521/5681671e550346895ddb9c68/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The Baroque
• See Other power point
![Page 8: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062521/5681671e550346895ddb9c68/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Tenets of the Roman Catholic Church
• Hierarchy
![Page 9: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062521/5681671e550346895ddb9c68/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The RCC
• Transubstantiation• Indulgences• Worship of Saints• Sources of authority: Bible and High Church Officials• Purgatory• Clerical celibacy• Monasticism
![Page 10: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062521/5681671e550346895ddb9c68/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The RCC
• 7 Sacraments– Baptism, – Confirmation, – Holy Communion, Confession, – Marriage, – Holy Orders,– and the Anointing of the Sick
![Page 11: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062521/5681671e550346895ddb9c68/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Problems within the Church in the 16th Century
• Role Plays• Papal Behavior
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GfpRk9FOFegPope Alexander VI
![Page 12: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062521/5681671e550346895ddb9c68/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
What does this image reveal about the status of the RCC on the eve of the Reformation?
![Page 13: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062521/5681671e550346895ddb9c68/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
• The Babylonian Captivity
• The Great Schism• Jan Hus• John Wyclif
• Summary of what they believed or were about
• Explain how they or it would have weakened the RCC before Martin Luther
![Page 14: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062521/5681671e550346895ddb9c68/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Tetzel
• Staunch Catholic• Sold Indulgences for the
St. Peter’s Cathedral• “A Coin in the Coffer
Rings, a soul from Purgatory springs!”
• Grand Inquisitor• Condemned for
embezzlement• Later found not guilty
![Page 15: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062521/5681671e550346895ddb9c68/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Cards for Calvin and Zwingli
• Where are they from and where did they establish religious communities
• Beliefs about salvation• Beliefs about the
sacrament• Beliefs about the ideal
society
• Beliefs about the separation of church and state
• Other….
![Page 16: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062521/5681671e550346895ddb9c68/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Cards for Calvin and Zwingli
• Years living• Ideas about salvation• 3 additional ideas about religion (beliefs)• Where they established their model religious
communities
![Page 17: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062521/5681671e550346895ddb9c68/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Knox
• Scottish Reformer• Presbyterian Church• Called for the death of
Mary, Queen of Scotland• Influenced by John Calvin• "None have I corrupted,
none have I defrauded; merchandise have I not made.“
![Page 18: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062521/5681671e550346895ddb9c68/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Anabaptists
• No infant baptism• Women could hold
church offices• Mistreated• Model or utopian
communities• Tolerant of other
religions
![Page 19: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062521/5681671e550346895ddb9c68/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
• http://www.henryviiiandthetudors.co.uk/quiz.htm
• What do the clothes suggest about this person’s social status?
• What does the artist want you to think of this person?
• What characteristics or personality traits might this person possess?
![Page 20: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062521/5681671e550346895ddb9c68/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
The Tudors
• Family Tree– How long did the family reign?– How many female rulers were there in the Tudor
dynasty?– How many wives did Henry VIII have?– Identify two additional things that the timeline
teaches you.
![Page 21: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062521/5681671e550346895ddb9c68/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
New Inventions in Tudor times
• Tennis• Sugar• Carpet• First shopping mall• First flushing toilet• Upholstered furniture
![Page 22: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062521/5681671e550346895ddb9c68/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Life in Tudor England• The average person drank 8 pints
of “weak beer” per day (even children).
• 9 out of 10 people died before age 40.
• Bathing was considered unhealthy.
• People wanted their teeth to rot to prove that they could afford sugar.
• Girls could marry at age 12 and boys 14; they had to live with their parents until age 16 though.
![Page 23: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062521/5681671e550346895ddb9c68/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Henry VIII
• "His Majesty is the handsomest potentate I ever set eyes on; above the usual height, with an extremely fine calf to his leg, his complexion fair and bright, with auburn hair, combed straight and short in the French fashion, and a round face so very beautiful that it would become a pretty woman, his throat was rather long and thick"
![Page 24: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062521/5681671e550346895ddb9c68/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
The wives
• http://www.henryviiiandthetudors.co.uk/wives.htm (info and children)
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-fadCAHjN-s
![Page 25: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062521/5681671e550346895ddb9c68/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Charles V 1500-1558
• He ruled over extensive domains in Central, Western, and Southern Europe; and the Spanish colonies in the Americas and Asia
• Raised in the Netherlands• Charles was born and raised in
the Netherlands, but spent most of his time as a monarch in Spain, leaving his German provinces to be governed by Hapsburg cousins
• "Plus Ultra", "Even Further"• Staunch Catholic• 40 Year Reign
![Page 26: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062521/5681671e550346895ddb9c68/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Charles V
• Age of Exploration and colonies
• Reformation• Ottoman Turks
encroaching on Southeastern Europe
• Most significant enemies, from his point of view, were Catholic France and the Moslem Turks.
![Page 27: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062521/5681671e550346895ddb9c68/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Charles V• Why would he allow
limited Protestant practice in the Holy Roman Empire?
• Why would the spread of Protestantism be a threat to him politically?
• Imperial army sacked Rome in 1527 and drove the Pope into exile because he allied himself with Charles' enemy Francis I.
![Page 28: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062521/5681671e550346895ddb9c68/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Charles V
• Reinstated power of the nobles in Spain
• Wealthy Spain during his reign…but the beginning of the end (gold and silver from the New World to fight his wars)
![Page 29: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062521/5681671e550346895ddb9c68/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Charles V
• Retired to a monastery in 1556
• Died in 1558
![Page 30: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062521/5681671e550346895ddb9c68/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
German Peasants’ WarDBQ
• On the back of the Venn• Causes and Reactions (cite the documents)• Each team member should site bias that he or
she sees in a document
![Page 31: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062521/5681671e550346895ddb9c68/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Martin Luther
• The man, the myth, the legend!• http://video.pbs.org/video/1379563195/– 5 things learned every 10 minutes
![Page 32: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062521/5681671e550346895ddb9c68/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Worldliness – luxurious and materialistic lifestyles of popes and high clergyNepotism – appointing relatives to Church positions to the Church regardless of abilitySimony – buying and selling of Church positionsIndulgences – accepting $ for Church pardons
CAUSES
![Page 33: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062521/5681671e550346895ddb9c68/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Clerical pluralism – holding more than one officeClerical ignorance – many priests were illiterate Clerical immorality – gambling, drinking, concubines of women
CAUSES
POPE ALEXANDER VI (1492-1503)
![Page 34: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062521/5681671e550346895ddb9c68/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Babylonian Captivity (1309-1377) – Popes lived in Avignon under French KingsGreat Schism (1378-1417) – struggle for Church Supremacy – rival popes Avignon and Rome claim to be the true Pope (3 Popes??? Authority???)Conciliar Movement – periodic councils, assemblies to reform the Church
DECLINE IN PAPAL PRESTIGE
![Page 35: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062521/5681671e550346895ddb9c68/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062521/5681671e550346895ddb9c68/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
CONCIL OF CONSTANCE1414- 1418Three objectivesEND SCHISMWIPE OF HERESYELECT A NEW POPE
MARTIN V (1417-1431)
![Page 37: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062521/5681671e550346895ddb9c68/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Satire on
Popery1555
![Page 38: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062521/5681671e550346895ddb9c68/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Middle Ages (500-1500) – civilizing agentMissionaries – converted the pagan populationHospitals – care for the sickCathedrals and Monasteries – centers for learningPope Leo III crowned Charlemagne 800 C.E. – foundations of the HREPapal States – Pepin the Short (714?-68) granted land to the Pope
POWER OF THE RCC
![Page 39: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062521/5681671e550346895ddb9c68/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
HRE – “The HRE was neither Holy, nor Roman, nor an
Empire” – VoltaireOriginally Charlemagne
“Emperor of the Romans”Loose confederation of 300+
StatesHoly Roman Emperor elected
by 7 Elector StatesHapsburg Family – Austria –
Powerful (1440-1806)
HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE
![Page 40: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062521/5681671e550346895ddb9c68/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Investiture Controversy – power struggle kings and popes during the Middle Ages1075 Pope Gregory VII – only the Pope could name BishopsGerman King Henry IV challenged the decree claiming Kings had the right to name BishopsKing Henry IV excommunicated – eventually back down
CHALLENGES TO POWER
![Page 41: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062521/5681671e550346895ddb9c68/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
John Wycliffe (1328?-1384) – English PriestCondemned the wealth and worldliness of the RCCBible highest religious authorityTranslated the Bible into EnglishDenounced by the Pope – followers Lollards harshly persecuted
LUTHER’S PREDECCSORS
![Page 42: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062521/5681671e550346895ddb9c68/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
MARTIN LUTHERMartin Luther
Great Man?OR
Man of His Times?
![Page 43: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062521/5681671e550346895ddb9c68/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
WHY WAS LUTHER SUCCESSFUL?Social
PoliticalReligiousIntellectua
lTechnolog
yEconomic
![Page 44: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062521/5681671e550346895ddb9c68/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Reformo – latin “to form again, mold anew, or revive”“Scripture alone” – Bible sole authority, salvation cannot be bought and sold“Faith alone” – Salvation through God’s grace not good works“Christ alone” – No other mediator b/w God and humanity, rejects the hierarchy of the RCC“Glory of God alone” – vocationBible translated into Vernacular (Luther’s German Bible)
REFORMATION THEOLOGY
![Page 45: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062521/5681671e550346895ddb9c68/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
CONSEQUENCESEnd of a united ChristendomBrutal, bloody wars of religion, religious persecutionReligious, Social, Political conflicts intermingledEmphasis on education – establishment of modern languages (German, English) not LatinConfiscation of Church lands increased power for rulersNew emphasis place on family and marriage
![Page 46: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062521/5681671e550346895ddb9c68/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
CONSEQUENCESCounter Reformation – RCC reaffirmation of traditional Catholic theologyGrowth of Capitalism – material success a sign of Grace, moral discipline, and individualismItaly, Spain, Austria, Hungary, Poland, S. Germany (Catholic)N. Germany, Baltic region (Lutheran)Scotland, Switzerland, Holland (Calvinist)England (Anglican)
![Page 47: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062521/5681671e550346895ddb9c68/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
![Page 48: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062521/5681671e550346895ddb9c68/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
![Page 49: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062521/5681671e550346895ddb9c68/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
![Page 50: THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062521/5681671e550346895ddb9c68/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
CONSEQUENCESDID LUTHER SAVE OR DESTROY THE RCC?